E. coli victim Derek Scott "Bubba" Kirby - Denman struggles to recover from HUS

According to Austin KWTX TV, Derek Scott “Bubba” Kirby, 3, of Goldthwaite, who’s been fighting for his young life for several weeks at Dell Children’s Medical Center in Austin, will be transferred Monday or Tuesday to Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston where he can receive more specialized care, his mother, Deven Denman, said.

Bubba contracted E. coli from the floor of a rodeo arena after he ended up with a mouthful of dirt when he was thrown from a sheep during a mutton-busting event and then developed serious complications that caused his kidneys to shut down and led to a stroke.

He’s one of the 5 to 10 percent of E. coli patients who develop a potentially life-threatening complication, hemolytic uremic syndrome, which develops when E. coli bacteria lodged in the digestive tract make toxins that enter the bloodstream and start to destroy red blood cells.

He’s unconscious and on dialysis and had a rough run last week as doctors attempted to wean him from the pain medication he’s been receiving, his mother said.

Denman said Monday doctors were starting over on the weaning process after deciding they decreased dosages too quickly.

She said she’s grateful for all of the “wonderful work that has been done for Bubba,” but said the Houston hospital has a nephrologist with state-of the-art equipment to help with the youngster’s kidneys as well as a pain management team to take over the process of weaning from medication.

She said he will also require physical therapy.

Goldthwaite residents have been holding carwashes and other benefits, selling T-shirts and praying for the youngster since learning of Bubba’s plight.

Word of the little boy’s fight has spread well beyond the town of 1,800 however, thanks to a Facebook page, Bubba’s Angels, which had more than 4,600 followers from around the country Monday.

Ten Raw Milk Product Outbreaks in Six Months - Where is the outrage from the Raw Milk Industry?

A Longmont, Colorado goat dairy that has been ordered to stop distributing raw milk products after 16 people became ill after drinking milk. Two children who drank goat milk from the Billy Goat Dairy required hospitalization, Boulder County Public Health reported Wednesday. Of the people who reported becoming ill from consuming the milk products, lab tests confirmed the presence of Campylobacter and E. coli O157:H7, the health department said.

Health department officials in Minnesota this month reported five E. coli O157:H7 infections linked to drinking raw milk from a dairy in Gibbon, Minnesota. All of the sick were infected with a strain of bacteria that has the same “pulsed field gel electrophoresis” (PFGE) pattern, or DNA fingerprint. One infected child developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a potentially deadly complication.

Counting Colorado and Minnesota, there have now been at least ten outbreaks of illness tied to raw milk since January 2010. The other states with outbreaks include Nevada, Utah (two outbreaks), New York, and Pennsylvania. There was also a multistate outbreak with illnesses confirmed in Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois. Washington has had two as well. And, even worse, these outbreaks involved at least three different pathogens: E. coli O157:H7; Salmonella, and Campylobacter. More specifically:

• In January, a dairy farm in New York was linked to five Campylobacter infections.

• Another outbreak of Campylobacter was reported in February in Pennsylvania. State health officials there said approximately ten people became ill after drinking raw milk. One of the ill developed Guillain - Barre Syndrome, became paralyzed, and is still hospitalized.

• In March, raw milk caused at least seventeen Campylobacter infections in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana.

• In April, Utah was the site of Salmonella and Campylobacter outbreaks tied to raw milk. The first cluster included nine reported cases of Campylobacter infection. The second cluster included six reported cases of Salmonella.

• In May, Nevada health officials reported that a child became seriously ill with a Campylobacter infection after eating homemade raw milk cheese that was illegally sold door-to-door.

• Washington has had two E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks both linked to the same dairy.

Raw Milk Dairy is having a problem and it needs to be fixed.

Cargill to Pilot Video for Food Safety

Cargill is piloting the use of video monitoring at its US beef plants in order to reduce the risk of E. coli and salmonella contamination.

The food giant has already trialled remote video auditing (RVA) at 10 beef-harvesting facilities in the US, and the results are said to have been “terrific”, with a higher compliance rate already identified and competition between plants over performance scores.

The system is now being introduced at the beef facility in Fresno, California. Auditors from Arrowsight Inc. will monitor on how consistently workers perform tasks in near-real time, and provide statistical feedback to management.

For the pilot, Cargill is focusing on the stages where workers clean and sanitise knives and other equipment. It will also look at dressing procedures to check proper protocol is followed.

Elton John has E. coli?

Elton John has postponed two planned Seattle concerts with Billy Joel on the advice of his doctor, Live Nation announced today. The pop singer is suffering from "a serious case of E. coli bacterial infection and influenza," according to a written statement released by the concert promoter today.

Live Nation and KeyArena are asking ticketholders to keep their tickets until more information is available. The concerts, originally scheduled for Nov. 4 and 7, may be rescheduled. Well, I am going to be in China anyway.

Why Should the Food Safety and Inspection Service Declare Enterohemorrhagic non-O157 E. coli to be an Adulterant?

It seems that any serious discussion of E. coli O157:H7 always has to start with one event: the 1993 outbreak associated with the Jack in the Box restaurant chain. This, of course, is with good reason. That outbreak left over 700 persons ill and 4 children dead. The “9/11 for the food industry,” as a certain trial lawyer has occasionally referred to the outbreak, precipitated a whirlwind of events including media coverage, consumer outrage, lawsuits, and stricter federal regulations regarding meat safety. Though the swell of emotion that spiraled out of the Jack in the Box disaster dulls somewhat with each passing year, the federal regulations that sprung up in its wake continue to generate more questions.

To understand the significance of these regulations, a little background information is useful. The Food Safety and Inspection Service’s (FSIS) stated mission renders it “responsible for ensuring that the nation's commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged.” FSIS operates as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). To promote its mission, FSIS has the power—under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA)—to, among other things, seek the recall of products that have been deemed “adulterated.” FSIS drastically shifted how it interpreted and enforced the FMIA in 1994 when, following the Jack in the Box outbreak, the agency declared E. coli O157:H7 to be an adulterant. This marked a dramatic change from its previous stance that pathogens in raw meat were not adulterants.

The declaration of E. coli O157:H7 as an adulterant was met with strong opposition from the meat industry. In a lawsuit filed soon after the 1994 declaration, the industry accused the USDA of not following proper rulemaking procedures and of acting in an arbitrary and capricious manner beyond its legal authority. The United States District Court held, however, that the USDA was allowed to interpret the FMIA and that the USDA has the power to declare substances to be adulterants with the intended purpose of spurring the meat industry to create and implement preventative measures.

During the early part of this decade, however, it became readily apparent that O157:H7 was not the only deadly pathogen in E. coli family—in fact, far from it. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recognized this fact when, in 2000, the agency made all Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) nationally notifiable. The CDC subsequently referred to non-O157 STEC as emerging pathogens that pose a significant health threat, with more strains reported every year. Still, FSIS remained steadfast in its stance that O157:H7 is the only enterohemorrhagic E. coli strain that should be deemed to be an adulterant.

So what’s wrong with FSIS’s position regarding E. coli O157:H7? The simple answer is this: the people of this nation do not deserve another Jack in the Box-sized catastrophe as a pre-requisite for currently needed agency action. The scientific and medical communities have recognized the dangers of all enterohemorrhagic E. coli, not just O157:H7, again and again. Representatives of the CDC estimate that non-O157 STEC causes 36,700 illnesses, 1,100 hospitalizations, and 30 deaths annually. Nearly two years ago today, on October 17, 2007, the CDC and FSIS even went so far as to hold a public meeting to consider the public health significance of non-O157 STEC. In the Notice of the meeting, FSIS referred to the “growing awareness that STECs other than E. coli O157:H7 (non-O157:H7 STECs) cause sporadic and outbreak-associated illnesses.” Nevertheless, following the meeting, FSIS failed to re-interpret its policies.

This brings us to today. We’re nearing the end of 2009, closing in on seventeen years since the Jack in the Box outbreak. Millions of Americans have suffered foodborne illnesses, injuries, and deaths in that time, thousands of them likely due to enterohemorrhagic E. coli other than O157:H7. It is on behalf of those persons that the law firm of Marler Clark has authored a petition to FSIS requesting the agency to issue an interpretive rule declaring all enterohemorrhagic STEC, including non-O157:H7 serotypes, to be adulterants within the meaning of the Federal Meat Inspection Act.

The petition details the scientific and legal bases for the requested action, but perhaps more importantly it details the suffering that food contaminated with non-O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic E. coli inflicted upon three individuals: June Dunning, Megan Richards, and Shiloh Johnson. Ms. Dunning, whose infection was caused by E. coli O146:H21, unfortunately succumbed to her illness, passing in 2006. Ms. Richards and Ms. Johnson endured lengthy hospitalizations, kidney failure, and will both endure a lifetime of medical complications as a result of their E. coli O121:H19 and E. coli O111 infections (respectively).

It would be naïve to assume that a change to FSIS policy will immediately rid the world of all foodborne E. coli infections. It has been unequivocally proven, however, that all enterohemorrhagic E. coli are potentially lethal pathogens that we must fight tooth and nail to keep out of this nation’s food supply. If we trust science, and do our part to push government agencies to enact regulations to require better monitoring, we can no doubt begin to prevent further harm. In the end, after all, the requisite wading through the mess of bureaucracy required to change federal regulation is all worth it, so long as the outcome prevents at least one more case like that of June Dunning, Megan Richards, or Shiloh Johnson.

UK's Cooking Time & Temperature Rule Subject of Dispute Involving McDonald's And Victim's Rights Group

We’ve known since the 1993 Jack-in-the-Box outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 that the big hamburger chains are concerned about cooking temperatures. Jack-in-the Box did not like Washington State’s rule for cooking ground beef to 158 degrees Fahrenheit because customers complained about the hamburgers being too tough to eat.

Sixteen years have passed, but the big hamburger chains are still getting those kind of complaints. In the UK, McDonald’s submitted information to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) about possible reduction in cooking times.

The government’s Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food requires that hamburgers be cooked for two minutes at 158 degrees Fahrenheit. However, other times and temperatures can be used when procedures are proven to be safe.

That’s what McDonald’s was up to in the UK when the victim’s rights group known as HUSH requested a copy of the information that the world’s biggest hamburger chain had submitted to weaken the rule.   FSA refused to give up the information to HUSH.

On appeal, however, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) upheld the HUSH complaint. HUSH argued it could not contribute to the consultation without all the facts.

McDonald’s said its “top priority” is customer safety and that it “fully complies” with FSA guidelines.

Nestle Restarts Cookie Dough Production After E. coli Outbreak

Fresh on the heels of revelations by ABC news that three different E. coli strains have been linked to the nationwide outbreak of E. coli in cookie dough, the Wall Street Journal reports that Nestle is restarting production.  The Danville, Virginia plant was closed on June 19, when E. coli illnesses across the country were tied to the raw cookie dough produced there.  The FDA investigation of the plant found E. coli in an unopened package of the cookie dough and E. coli was also found in in a package of Nestle refrigerated cookie dough in the home of a victim.   Both of those strains, or serotypes, are different from that found in the stool of the 72 people who were infected by eating the cookie dough, meaning that three strains have now been associated with the product. 

Interestingly, Nestle continued processing other food products at the Danville factory while the cookie dough production was shut down. 

Questions continue to swirl around the outbreak, as no source has yet been identified in the E. coli contamination of the Nestle Cookie Dough product.  Now the multiple strains of E. coli connected to the outbreak add another layer of mystery - and yet, production resumes.

One Year Old Isaiah Romero Of Sioux Center, Iowa Fighting Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

One year old Isaiah Romero of Sioux Center, Iowa finds himself in Sanford Children's Hospital tonight, fighting back against Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).

KSFY Action News in Sioux Falls, South Dakota  where Sanford Children's is located reports its possible Isaiah is a victim of the the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak blamed on the Greeley Beef Plant owned by the JBS Swift Company.

Post-diarrheal Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (D+HUS) is a severe, life-threatening complication that occurs in about 10 percent of those infected with E. coli O157:H7 or other Shiga toxin (Stx) producing E. coli. D+HUS was first described in 1955, but was not known to be secondary to E. coli infections until 1982. It is now recognized as the most common cause of acute kidney failure in infants and young children. Adolescents and adults are also susceptible, as are the elderly who often succumb to the disease.

According to KSFY: "A few weeks ago Isaiah started with basic diarrhea, then vomiting. There was an E. coli test done, but it came back negative. He developed HUS this past weekend, which commonly forms from E. coli. While not every child that gets E. coli, also gets HUS, there is a small percentage that does. It attacks the red blood cells in the body and that leads to kidney failure. Isaiah has been on dialysis and had a number of other tests done to track his progress."

Girl Gets E. Coli And Then HUS--All From Touching Deer Meat

 

You can’t even trust Bambi anymore. Doug Powell, from Barfblog, emailed me the story of a young girl who suffered HUS after contracting an E. coli infection from handling deer meat.

Beverly said the only other thing she could think of was that her husband, Red, had shot a deer the Friday after Thanksgiving. She helped him skin it and prepare bigger cuts to send off to a local butcher, but Red cut the tenderloin himself. "April was helping her daddy with the tenderloins," Beverly recalled. April placed the pieces of meat into freezer bags, handling the meat with her hands.

Here is the interesting part:

"Deer harbor infection - it's estimated that 17 percent of the whitetail population harbors E. coli," she said, and it appears they harbor a pretty nasty strain of it. The infection grows in the digestive system. But in the process of gutting and cleaning a deer carcass, it is easy to nick the bowels and spill the infected fluids.

E. coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a pathogen as a result of an outbreak of unusual gastrointestinal illness in 1982. The outbreak was traced to contaminated hamburgers, and the illness was similar to other incidents in the United States and Japan. The etiologic agent of the illness was identified as a rareO157:H7 serotype of Escherichia coli in 1983. This serotype had only been isolated once before, from a sick patient in 1975.

E. coli O157:H7 has jumped from cows to Bambi over the last 30 years or so. The fact that E. coli O157:H7 (and other emerging pathogens) have become such a part of the current food environment has to be taken into account in making food safety policy decisions. Comments like, “I used to drink raw milk or eat raw hamburger when I was a kid” are misplaced in light of the reality of the present existence of these pathogens. Beliefs that “grass-fed” meat (wonder what Bambie’s last meal was?) or “locally grown” or “raw” food is inherently safer have to take into account the present reality of these very nasty bugs.

Mystery In Dixon And No Plans To Solve It--But Hey You Are OK!

It's hard to believe, but there is a county in the big, rich state of California where an E. coli death does not even get a full ten days worth of investigation before the case is closed without finding a source.

Oh, but public health officials involved can assure the public that the county's restaurant food and water is all safe. "Everything is fine, move along!"

The place we are talking about is Solano County, CA where a Dixon boy died Dec. 19th from an E. coli infection. We originally reported on the death here on Dec. 20th.  Without finding the source, public health officials there abandoned their investigation on Dec. 26th.

The county health officer, Dr. Ronald Chapman, says he doesn't know how the Dixon teenager was infected, but there was no contamination of the area's water or restaurant food. He says there's no threat to the public.

The boy's name and age were not disclosed, supposedly for privacy reasons.

Tests showed a second Dixon child who recovered from severe diarrhea was not infected with E. coli. No other cases have been reported.

Chapman says E. coli is present naturally in the intestinal tract and sometimes can enter the blood stream. Symptoms include stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting. 

Dixon, CA Child Dies From E Coli Infection

A  Dixon, CA child died of an E. coli infection late Thursday, according to Solano County Public Health officials.  They were investigating the death along with testing on a second Dixon child  who displayed some symptoms but is now home and "doing well." 

"It is a tragedy to lose a child and our hearts and prayers go out to this child's family and friends," said Dr. Ronald Chapman, MD, MPH, Health Officer and Deputy Director in a press release . "Public Health is investigating the death to see if we can identify where or how the minor contracted the E. coli infection. Sometimes an investigation can point to a probable cause and in other cases, the source of the infection remains unknown."

Solano Public Health staff are back-tracking the minor's activities, food sources, and water sources, and are in close communication with the State laboratory which is testing blood samples to determine the specific strain of E. coli.

Both water districts in Dixon have been testing upstream and downstream from the dead child's home with negative results for E. coli.

E coli Kills Kansas Boys in Witchita Medical Center

There is a lot of Kansas separating the towns of Liberal and Matfield Green.  

Liberal is an Oklahoma panhandle border town.  The 20,000 who make Liberal home depend on oil, gas, and helium as well as agriculture.  Its closer to Denver, Colorado than Kansas City, Kansas.

Matfield Green is just off I-35, northeast of Wichita halfway to Topeka. The Chase County town has just 60 people.  Known for the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Chase County has about 3000 residents.

What binds these two Kansas towns together are the deaths of two children from E. coli, and the Wesley Regional Medical Center in Wichita, where both died. 

Dead is 4-year old Brant Burton, son of T.W. and Rachelle Burton of Matfield Green and 18-month old Tanner Strickland of Liberal.  Tanner's brother continues to battle E. coli at the Wichita hospital.

The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is investigating the deaths.

 

 

Just Another Week of E. coli Taking Victims In Amercia

We thought we'd do something different today, and just give a rundown on the E, coli news we've been involved in.  Every week is getting to be E. coli week in America.  This is a look-back on the last one.  Here we go!

We received several calls last Monday from  sorority sisters who had been sickened by E. coli O157:H7 at the University of Colorado in Boulder.  Interestingly, the common denominator seems to be Jimmy John’s – just off campus.  Coincidentally, the first inspection since 7/28/06 occurred on 9/28/08 and the report was mailed,also on Monday, to Mr. Prescott (the owner) .  The purpose was to investigate "suspect food-borne illness complaint who reported eating at the facility. Complainants had approximately 13 sandwich plates with 10 sandwiches each delivered to their facility on Sept. 20th.  Sandwiches included Big John’s, Turkey Tom, Ham and Cheese, and Vegetarian."  E. coli does not seem to be listed as an ingredient – yet.

On Tuesday Butte County health officials announced  that leftover frozen tainted tri-tip, that sickened at least 27 people, tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 bacteria.  The bacteria in the meat perfectly matches (by PFGE genetic fingerprint) the bacteria found in stool samples taken from several people who became ill.

 

Continue Reading...

Colorado Infant Death Linked To Unlicensed Day Care

Bill Scanlon at the Rocky Mountain News this morning is reporting with some detail on the Colorado 3-year old who died Friday of E coli O17:H7.   According to The Rocky:

 

The Aurora day-care facility attended by a 3-year-old who died Friday of an E. coli bacteria infection was unlicensed, so it was never inspected on how it handled food or changed diapers, health officials said Tuesday.

Twenty-one other youngsters attended the same private home day-care center as the child who died of kidney failure from complications of the bacteria, said Dr. Richard Vogt, executive director of the Tri-County Health Department.

"We're working to test those 21 kids as we speak," Vogt said Tuesday.

While it will take a few days to get the test results back, he said a few of the kids have mild gastrointestinal upset, Vogt said.

By being unlicensed, the day care business escapes the annual inspection required by the State of Colorado.   For more, go here.

 

Connecticut Finds It Was E. coli With That Raw Milk

On July 16th, 2008 the Connecticut Department of Agriculture began an investigation of a possible link between several reported illnesses and the consumption of Retail Raw Milk (unpasteurized milk). Recently we concluded that investigation. The investigation was prompted when the Department was notified by Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) Epidemiologists of 2 reported illnesses in which both patients had consumed Retail Raw Milk from a dairy licensed to produce Retail Raw Milk and pasteurized milk and milk products. The patients were aged 2 and 7, one was on dialysis. After notifying the dairy of the investigation, the dairy voluntarily stopped sale of all milk. Soon after the initial 2 reported illnesses, DPH reported 2 additional cases linked to the dairy. By the time we concluded our investigation a total of 7 known individuals were sickened from consuming Retail Raw Milk and several were hospitalized. The Retail Raw Milk implicated in this incident was purchased from 2 separate national, natural food, chain store locations and directly from the farm. None of the reported illnesses were linked to pasteurized milk and milk products produced at this dairy.

The individuals sickened had acquired a condition known as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) and one case of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). HUS is a disorder that occurs when an infection in the digestive system produces toxic substances that destroy red blood cells. It often effects the kidneys. This disorder is most common in children. It often occurs after a gastrointestinal
(enteric) infection, often caused by a type of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, O157:H7. Unpasteurized (Raw) milk has been associated with several outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 infections in the U.S. Other outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 have been associated with undercooked or raw hamburger (ground beef), unpasteurized fruit juices, alfalfa sprouts, dry-cured salami, lettuce, game meats and from transmission from animals to humans from contact with infected animals. HUS also
can be caused by other enteric infections, including Shigella and Salmonella, and some non-enteric infections. Patients with TTP have clinical and pathologic features similar to patients with HUS.

In addition to Department of Agriculture staff, the investigation involved the Connecticut Department of Public Health and local health departments. After extensive testing of milk, milk contact surfaces, water sources, the environment in and around the farm and processing plant and, analysis of feces from each milking aged animal, the department obtained a genetic fingerprint match between E. coli
O157:H7 recovered from the feces of 1 cow and E. coli O157:H7 isolated from 3 patients.

Approximately 170 separate samples and specimens of milk, water, feces and swabs of milk contact surfaces were analyzed by the DPH Public Health Laboratory in a 3 week period. A review of scientific literature reveals that E. coli O157:H7 as well as other food borne pathogens most likely are introduced into milk by contamination from animals shedding the organism in their feces. Direct introduction of pathogens into the milk from the bloodstream is unlikely but can not be ruled out. The department has concluded that the most likely cause of this food borne illness outbreak was the consumption of Retail Raw Milk contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. While good sanitation and management practices can lower the incidence of pathogens in raw milk we believe and studies support the position that pasteurization is the only proven way to eliminate pathogens from raw milk.

The Connecticut Department of Public Health and the Food and Drug Administration, and other public health authorities such as the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments, the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture, the Association of Food and Drug Officials, and National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians all oppose the consumption of unpasteurized milk because of the health risks

E coli Related Death Reported In Franklin County, Ohio

Ohio's Franklin County Health Department tonight (6/4/08) is reporting that the death of a 52-year old Gahanna woman on May 27th was E. coli-related.

Ohio has had 12 confirmed cases of E. coli so far this year. There were 92 confirmed cases in 2007 and 160 the year before. But, officials say deaths have been rare.

The Columbus Dispatch newspaper says the woman who died was sick and hospitalized when investigators became aware of her infection, so they were unable to ask her where and what she'd eaten in the three to four days before she became ill.

The woman's husband is being interviewed now about meals they shared, says epidemiologist Radhika Nagisetty. The woman was admitted to the hospital on May 17, and was being treated for "other conditions" when the E. coli infection was discovered.

The health officials did not know if E. coli was listed as an official cause or contributing cause of the woman's death.  More can be found here.





Your Chance Of Picking Up The Wrong Pound of Ground Beef: 1 in 400.

We've been reading through some of the written comments the United States Department of Agriculture received in conjunction with the big April meeting on E. coli 0157:H7.

We found a letter from Dr. Harry F. Hull,  a pediatrician from St. Paul, most interesting.  Dr. Hull's career highlights includes stints as state epidemiologist for both Minnesota and New Mexico.  He's both investigated outbreaks of E. coli 0157:H7, and as a pediatrician had the experience of having a 7-year old girl in his care die from hemolytic uremic syndrome from E. coli.

We are certain every court in the land would stipulate Dr. Hull as an expert witness.

So, we found this really eye-opening:   After going though the contamination rates, Dr. Hull makes this bold assertion:

"Simply put, at the present time, 1 in every 400 pounds of ground beef contains potentially deadly E. coli bacteria."

Dr. Hull says current approaches will reduce but "cannot eliminate" all E. coli contamination.

"Given the potentially disastrous consequences of eating just one hamburger contaminated with E. coli, the only level of contamination that is acceptable is O.  This is what the American people expect and deserve," the pediatrician writes.

Dr. Hull, currently a consultant in infectious disease epidemiology,  favors irradiation of all ground beef sold as an uncooked product, labeling it as pasteurized, USDA approval of the ready-to-eat petition, and a public information campaign on the safety of food radiation.

Common Misspellings of E. coli - e.coli, e coli, e cloi, ecoli

E. coli O157:H7 was identified for the first time at the CDC in 1975, but it was not until seven years later, in 1982, that E. coli O157:H7 was conclusively determined to be a cause of enteric disease. Following outbreaks of foodborne illness that involved several cases of bloody diarrhea, E. coli O157:H7 was firmly associated with hemorrhagic colitis.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated in 1999 that 73,000 cases of E. coli O157:H7 occur each year in the United States. Approximately 2,000 people are hospitalized, and 60 people die as a direct result of E. coli O157:H7 infections and complications. The majority of infections are thought to be foodborne-related, although E. coli O157:H7 accounts for less than 1% of all foodborne illness.

Rural America Offers To Cure All (But E coli) With Raw Milk

M.L. Johnson, writing in the Seattle Post Intelligencer, charts the rapid growth in Raw Milk dairies and she took time to speak with Bill Marler, the Seattle attorney representing children damaged by rural America's money making scheme.  She writes:

Seattle attorney Bill Marler is suing Organic Pastures, the nation's largest organic raw milk dairy, on behalf of two children who fell ill after consuming its products. Testing at the dairy farm near Fresno, Calif., did not detect the strain of E. coli that sickened the children, but a government report said the dairy was likely responsible.

Marler, who has sued other dairies as well, criticized states for bowing to pressure from farmers and allowing raw milk sales to go on - legally or not.

"My worry is that as it becomes more acceptable and becomes more commercialized, you know, it will reach a critical mass where all of the sudden you're going to get a whole bunch of little kids poisoned," Marler said. "And then everybody will throw up their arms and go, 'Whoa, we've got to stop this, we've got to pasteurize.'"

The rise in dairies that do not bother to pasteurize their milk is striking.  With claims of cure-all powers for Raw Milk,  Johnson reports that Washington State has seen the number of its Raw Milk operators grow to 22 , up from six in two years.   Raw Milkers in Massachusetts have more than doubled in five years, reaching 24.

And there is no doubt about the cure-all claims they are making as evidenced by this poster from Organic Pastures.   For the rest of Ms. Johnson's story, go here.

 

FSIS Wants To Reduce Incidence of Deadly E. coli

Next week, the Food Safety & Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is  putting  reducing the Incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in Raw Beef on the menu in meetings with its many stakeholders.

The public sessions will be held on Wednesday, April 9, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., and Thursday, April 10, from 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Holiday Inn Georgetown, 2101 Wisconsin Ave., NW, Washington, DC.

William Marler, managing partner at Marler Clark, L.L.P., speaks at 10:30 a.m., on Wednesday, April 9.   The entire two-day agenda can be found here.

Individuals are encouraged to pre-register to attend in person or via teleconference, and should visit www.fsis.usda.gov or contact Sheila Johnson at (202) 690-6498 or by e-mail at Sheila.Johnson@fsis.usda.gov.  There will be opportunities for public comment on both days.

Foodproductiondaily.com recently reported:

Dr. Richard Raymond, US under secretary for food safety, said that despite major advances in battling foodborne illnesses like E-coli in the country during the last decade, reduction levels have recently levelled out.

"It is time for another series of bold, strong moves based on knowledge and science to produce further significant reductions in illnesses attributed to the products we regulate," he stated. "We aim to prevent and not just respond to illnesses, and consumers, industry and our public health partners are critical partners in our long term strategy and we look forward to our continuing collaborative relationship to ensure food safety."

That story can be foundhere.


2006 E. coli Tainted Spinach Changing Who Pays For Recalls

We’ve been doing a lot of thinking about recalls lately. We know its not true, but by their combined actions, we sometimes cannot help but thinking the food industry and its regulators are in cahoots to drag out recalls and confuse the public.

When it became apparent that about one third of the 143 million pounds of beef recalled from the ill-fated Chino slaughterhouse was in the meat lockers of the nation’s public schools, we thought about local taxpayers getting stuck with the disposal costs.

It appears we were not alone in thinking about recall costs. David Mitchell, writing for www.ThePacker.com, says Wal-Mart has told its suppliers that they will, in the future, be charged by the giant discount chain for its costs to participate in a recall. The minimum charge would be $20 per store. Wal-Mart’s 2,500 stores would add up to a minimum charge of $50,000.

Mitchell writes that:

“It’s not a big surprise,” said one Wal-Mart supplier, who requested anonymity. “To be honest, other chains have things that are similar.”

The source said that retailers often have provisions in their supplier agreements that allow for such charges, but fees often go uncollected in the case of products recalled because of minor defects, such as labeling errors.

He said retailers do level assessments against suppliers in more damaging cases, such as the 2006 E. coli outbreak linked to spinach.

Go here for the rest of Mitchell's report.



E coli Kills 8-Year Old Girl In Ozarks

An isolated case in an isolated place where no one has had E coli in four years.   However, 8-year old Evie Hope Wray of Theodosia, MO was a confirmed E coli case; one that evolved into Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS),   And HUS killed Evie, who was a soccer and cat-loving second-grader at Lutie Elementary School.

The farm, where she lived with her parents and brother, has well-water that was found to be clean and safe.   Ozark health officials are tying to find out where Evie was exposed to E. coli, but say its really difficult with an isolated case.

KSPR-TV, the ABC affiliate in Springfield, MO is telling the sad story.  They report that:

When this close-knit family's youngest daughter became horribly ill, it was devastating.
“Her vitals started dropping… they hooked her up to oxygen and when that didn’t work, they had her on all kinds of drips,” Evie’s dad Tom Wray remembers.

She was diagnosed with a serious strain of E. Coli, but it was HUS that caused her death.
With no way to treat the infection, doctors could merely provide dialysis to support her failing kidneys and sedatives to reduce her pain.

“She was on about seven different machines. I just touched her and said, ‘momma’s here.’” Evie passed away at a Columbia hospital, surrounded by people who loved her.
But those people are still haunted by how- how did this happen?

For more on Evie, go here.

 

 

Evie Hope Wray

FSIS Holding Meeting on E. coli 0157:H7

The USDA's Food Safety & Inspection Service is hosting a public meeting on April 9, 2008 titled: E. coli O157:H7 - Addressing the Challenges, Moving Forward With Solutions.

FSIS will sponsor the public meeting focused on E. coli O157:H7.  "The purpose of the meeting is to have a discussion with stakeholders on recent spikes in recalls/illnesses related to E. coli O157:H7, provide updates on FSIS initiatives and build a foundation for establishing solutions to address the challenges this pathogen causes," the agency statement said.

FSIS's Dr. Richard A. Raymond Tells Congress Why There Have Been More E. coli Recalls

Dr. Richard A. Raymond is Medical Doctor from Nebraska.  Since July 2005, he has been Undersecretary for Food Safety at the United States Department of Agriculture.  He was asked by the U.S. House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations why there's been an uptick in e coli-related recalls.

Dr. Raymond listed several reasons why e coli related recalls involved only a few thousand pounds in 2006 to 33 million pounds in 2007.   Among those reasons:

  • More sensitive testing
  • More use of Pulsenet by state and local/regional health officers, which can connect distant confirmed cases into a single outbreak.
  • Changes he has made to Food Safety & Inspection Service policies to be more aggressive in using recalls.
  • And finally, what the former rural medical doctor called "Raymond's theory."  He believes there has been "an increased load" of e coli in the hind  guts of cattle. 

Dr. Raymond, Nebraska's former chief medical officer, did not say what he thinks increased the load.

Marler's List of Needed Reforms

We think the use of such phrases as "tipping point" and "perfect storm" are often over-used.  However, something may have happened this past week when comes to meaningful reform of the broken system for food safety.

After the cruel treatment of "downer" cows, the assault on the nation's school lunch program, and the nation's biggest beef recall in history,  Chairman John D. Dingell of the House Energy & Commerce Committee called a time out.  He had those who should know sharpen their pencils and raise their hands to testify about what's to be done.

One who came ready, ofcourse, was our own Bill Marler, who represents victims of  E coli and other food borne illnesses in the courts across the land.  Because there's been interest and because we think its important, we are going to publish what Bill had to say specifically about reforms before the House committee. Here goes:

Things are different from Sinclair’s critical view of packing plants of the 1900’s. We now face things Sinclair could not even begin to imagine. Those two things must drive food safety decisions now. The first is the threat of terrorist attacks via the food system. Just as too many could not imagine the horror of 9/11, too many cannot envision this kind of food disaster today. When a terrorist attacks our food system it will look eerily similar to any other outbreak of foodborne illness. Second, is the growth of food imports. Sinclair could not have imagined a world where the meat that may be in one hamburger could originate in Argentina, Canada and Colorado or that we would have fruits and vegetables year-round shipped in from South America, Asia and Africa. It is with these two enormous issues in mind, that I offer suggestions on how to put me out of business.

First, create a local, state and national public health system that catches outbreaks before they balloon into a personal and business catastrophe. Everyone believes that the Jack in the Box outbreak started in Seattle in January 1993. It did not. It actually began in November 1992 when young Lauren Rudolph died and another 30 people were sickened in and around southern California. However, because E. coli O157:H7 was not a reportable illness at the time, the death and illnesses were not recognized as an outbreak and the contaminated meat was shipped to Seattle. CDC’s PulseNet and Food Net were launched and are rightly credited with helping reduce the size of outbreaks by helping to more quickly conclude what suspect product is causing harm. But surveillance of human bacterial disease is lacking. For many foodborne illnesses, for everyone culture positive case, 20 to 50 other cases are missed because of lack of surveillance. Most people who become ill with a bacterial or viral disease are either seldom seen or never cultured. The more people are tested, the greater the likelihood that a source, accidental or not, will be found sooner.

Second, actually inspect and sample food before it is consumed. At present, Local and State authorities, along with the USDA and FDA, employ thousands of inspectors across the nation and world to inspect tens of thousands of plants that produce billions of pounds of food at farms, processing plants and retail outlets. The GAO has warned in the past that our food sampling and inspection is so scattered and infrequent that there is little chance of detecting microscopic E. coli or any other pathogen for that matter.

Third, consider mandatory recall authority on all food products. Recalls must be completely transparent. If a recall is ordered, consumers need to know what in fact is being recalled. Full disclosure must be the rule. Under the present system of voluntary recalls, last September we saw the disastrous Topps recall where the company knowingly left E. coli contaminated product on store shelves three weeks after being confronted with an ill customer and its product both testing positive for E. coli O157:H7. But recalls are not perfect. Although stunned by the video of animal abuse at Hallmark/Westland, I am more stunned that the recall has ballooned to 143 million pounds of meat and is quickly encompassing products that might contain trace amounts of the meat. No people have been sickened. I wonder if resources are better spent elsewhere.

Fourth, on a national level merge and then adequately fund the three federal agencies responsible for food safety. Right now, USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service and the inspection arm of the Food and Drug Administration share this mission with the CDC. The system is trifurcated, which leads to turf wars and split responsibilities. We need one independent agency that deals with food-borne pathogens. You have a moral responsibility to consumers in your hometown or anywhere U.S. goods are sold. It is time to adequately fund our health and safety authorities to help business protect their customers.

Fifth, we cannot regulate ourselves out of this. Standards need to be set with the entire food chain at the table – from farmer, to manufacturer, to retailer and customer. Standards must also be based upon good science. We must invest in solid research at our land grant institutions to help producers manufacturer food that is safe, nutritious and the envy of the world.

None of this will stop bacterial and viral illnesses entirely. These invisible poisons have been around a long time. However, these five steps will enable us to help prevent it, help detect it far more quickly, to alert stores and families, and to keep our most vulnerable citizens - kids and seniors - out of harm's way. Thank you Mr. Chairman.

USDA Has Yet To Release Audit On E coli Controls

We have seen some good work in the past from Philip Brasher, who works out of the Washington, D.C. bureau for the Des Moines Register.  On Sunday, Brasher took on the Chino slaughterhouse scandal, which led to the largest recall of beef in U.S. history.

We found it compelling reading.  Brasher seems to hit the nail on the head with the reasoning that what is really at stake is trust in the USDA brand worldwide.   We have suspected the Chino scandal coming just as USDA was on the verge of getting US beef back into Japan and South Korea could not have occurred at a worst time.

Brasher found a top US food executive delivering just that message.  Larry Pope, chief executive officer of Smithfield Foods, is quoted in the Register story saying:

"Every time an incident like this happens, it hurts everybody in this room," he warned a conference of agribusiness leaders. Consumers "trust that USDA stamp a little bit less. When we go overseas they trust the United States a little bit less."

Brasher goes on to report that USDA has not yet gone public with results of nation-wide audit of beef plants that it ordered after last year's "rash of E coli related recalls."  Purpose of the audit was to what controls meat packers have in place to combat E coli.

Go here to read all of the Brasher story.

"Downer" Cattle More Likely To Carry E coli

The ban on non-ambulatory or ‘downer’ cattle is one of many steps in a robust system to produce safe beef, but it is not the only step taken to ensure the safety of the beef supply. The beef we eat is safe because there are multiple safety hurdles before it arrives at our grocery stores or restaurants.”

That was from the statement of the Denver-based National Cattlemen’s Beef Association after USDA announced that Hallmark/Westland Meat Packing Company was recalling 143.3 million pounds of beef because the Chino slaughterhouse was routinely processing “downer” cattle.

Here’s how Wayne Pacelle, chief executive officer of the Humane Society, sees it:

"There's no ambiguity in our mind that this plant was accepting downers, abusing downers and slaughtering downers."

While some audit evidence was raising doubts, we have been living under a five year old ban on “downer” cattle getting into the human food supply. The cruel practices the Chino slaughterhouse was using to get around the ban should not be the primary concern.

Our primary concern is that “downer” cattle are in the human food supply through one of USDA’s award-winning plants. Bill Marler explains the problem this way:

“Why is this all important? Federal regulations call for keeping downer cows out of the food supply because they pose a higher risk of E. coli, salmonella contamination, or mad cow disease since they typically wallow in feces and their immune systems are often weak. Yummy!”

Network news is reporting that 37 million pounds of the recalled beef went to America’s public schools. Unlike E. coli and salmonella, mad cow disease typically won’t show up for years.

The Secretary of Agriculture says chances anyone will get mad cow disease are “remote.”

However, he will be long gone before we find out if he was right or not.




E. coli lawsuit filed against Organic Pastures

Marler ClarkMarler Clark filed two E. coli lawsuits against Organic Pastures on February 7, 2008. The lawsuits were filed in Fresno County Superior Court on behalf of two children who developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) secondary to E. coli O157:H7 infection after consuming Organic Pastures raw milk.

The California Department of Health Services
(CDHS) and California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) conducted an investigation into the E. coli outbreak in September of 2006. CDHS and CDFA identified six children who had become ill with either E. coli O157:H7 or HUS and learned that all six had consumed Organic Pastures raw milk or colostrum in the days before becoming ill.

While investigating the cause of the children’s illness, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), or “genetic fingerprinting” confirmed that five of the six children were infected with the same strain of E. coli; the sixth did not test positive for E. coli but had HUS. An investigation at Organic Pastures led to the discovery that several cows were infected with E. coli O157:H7, although the strain was different from the outbreak strain. CDHS determined that unpasteurized dairy products from Organic Pastures were the likely source of the outbreak.

Eleven-year-old Lauren Herzog and 9-year-old Chris Martin both consumed raw milk produced by Organic Pastures in early September of 2006. Lauren became ill with symptoms of E. coli infection on September 6. Her illness subsequently developed into HUS, a life-threatening complication of E. coli infection that can cause kidney failure and central nervous system impairment, and she was hospitalized on September 8. Lauren suffered acute renal failure and required approximately two weeks of daily kidney dialysis. She remained hospitalized until October 18, 2006, when she was discharged with over $250,000 in medical bills.

Chris became ill with symptoms of E. coli infection on September 5, 2006 and he was hospitalized on September 7. Like Lauren, Chris suffered HUS. His condition worsened and he was transported by helicopter to a Children’s hospital and was placed in pediatric intensive care. Chris’ kidneys failed and he required weeks of daily dialysis, as well as multiple blood transfusions. He was placed on a ventilator as a result of impending congestive heart failure, and remained on the ventilator for five days, was briefly taken off the ventilator, and later returned for several more days. Chris suffered a number of seizures as a result of his HUS. He also developed high blood pressure and pancreatitis. Chris was discharged from the hospital on November 2, 2006, nearly two months after he was admitted, with over $450,000 in medical bills.


Ethanol Industry Disputes Their Grains Increase E. coli

Powerful interests often find themselves in the position where they do not care--they don't have to. The nation's ethanol industry may be in just such a position when it comes to concerns that the distiller's grains it produces increases e coli O157H7 in cattle.

At least that's the impression one gets from reading "Distillers grain link to E coli disputed" in the Council Bluffs, Iowa Daily Nonpareil.  The article sought the ethanol industry's response to research by Kansas State University and the University of Nebraska that concluded cattle that were fed distillers grain, an ethanol byproduct, had increased levels of E coli 0157H7 bacteria in their hindgut over cattle fed regular corn.

Doug Archer, general manager of Green Plains Renewable Energy, first said ethanol producers haven't received the studies.   The Nonpareil reports:

"We're in a fairly young industry. At this point there's only concern. I'm sure the appropriate agencies will investigate and determine if there is a link between E coli and distillers grain," said Archer.

As far as the distillers grains manufactured at GPRE, Archer said they do a fair amount of testing and meet all the regulated guidelines.

"We've gone through the right processes and have worked with scientists and animal nutritionists. I don't see how there is any kind of health threat."

Archer continued to say until a link is found, there's no cause for alarm.

"When it is found out, it'll certainly be dealt with."

Check out the complete story here.

Bix Wants Out of Taco John's Lawsuit

The e coli-tained lettuce that Taco Johns served to its customers in 2006 continues to be thrown about like a hot potato among those who were involved.   Taco Johns sued Bix Produce , Roma, Pacific Marketing and the Wegis Family Limited Partnership in federal court.

The Sioux Falls Argus Leader yesterday (Jan. 31) reported that the St. Paul-based Bix Produce has asked a federal judge to dismiss it from the litigation. The A-L report said:

Bix’s motion to dismiss filed Wednesday describes the allegations publicly for the first time. It says the Taco John’s corporations are suing because they lost business due to “negative media publicity surrounding an E. coli outbreak at certain Taco John’s restaurants in Iowa and Minnesota.”

The suit asked that a jury award $5 million in damages.
Taco John’s dropped Bix as a supplier in 2006 after contaminated
lettuce showed up at restaurants in Albert Lea and Austin, Minn. and Cedar Falls and Waterloo, Iowa.

You can get the A-L story here.

 

Tennessee family recovering from E. coli

Marti Davis of the Knoxville News Sentinel spoke with the McDonald family, whose two children became ill with E. coli infections last fall after eating Cargill ground beef patties.

Preschoolers John and Michaela McDonald shared a burger that led to a prolonged stay in intensive care and cost 4-year-old John part of his bowel and colon. The frozen hamburgers at Sam's Club near their West Knoxville home a few days before the patties were recalled.

Surgery to bypass John's digestive tract was reversed in December, and both children are well for now.

Only Jim McDonald, the children's father, has eaten ground beef since his children's illness. The rest of the family has not reintroduced ground beef into their diet.

The McDonald family, who is represented by Marler Clark, filed a lawsuit against Cargill last year, but has withdrawn the lawsuit in the hopes that Cargill will compensate the children for injuries they sustained through mediation instead of a jury trial.
 

Beef With E coli Sold On Streets of Dallas

Health officials in Dallas now say they confiscated beef sold off the street to owners of the Chicken Shack, which is located in the 6000 block of Lamar Street, before it could be cooked or sold to anyone else.

The suspected source of the beef is the stolen trailer, which was taken from the parking lot of  the Texas American Food Service on Dec. 19.   The trailer contained nearly 15,000 pounds of beef that was contaminated with e coli.  The beef has been missing since the mostly empty trailer was recovered on Dec. 27.

Since Monday, when the City of Dallas issued a press release, local health officials and inspectors from USDA's Food Service & Inspection Service have been fanning out over north Dallas in hopes of recovering the stolen beef before it makes anyone sick.  They are talking to businesses and inspecting restaurants.
 

Was A Beef Deal Made to Barber Shop Employee?

According to a Texas health department division manager, recalled beef is finding its way into back alley transactions in places as surprising as barber shops, reports the Dallas Business Journal.

14,800 pounds of E. coli-contaminated beef was stolen from a Texas American Food Service truck, and the health department has fanned out across North Dallas to speak with businesses and inspect restaurants.

Ahsan Khan, division manager of the food protection and education division of the Dallas Health Department, said an employee of a barber shop in northeast Dallas reported that a suspicious person attempted to sell him ground beef last week. Seven other businesses -- mostly restaurants -- also said they had been solicited by a suspicious individual peddling ground beef, Khan said.

Dallas restaurant inspectors are also handing out fliers warning against the threat of the tainted meat.
 

Food Safety Infosheet Focus: E. coli O157:H7

E. coli InfosheetThis week's Food Safety Infosheet from the International Food Safety Network (iFSN) out of Kansas State University and the University of Guelph addresses concerns about E. coli O157:H7 - a potentially deadly foodborne pathogen.  From the infosheet:
E. coli O157:H7 can cause vomiting, diarrhea and can lead to kidney damage and is most dangerous for children and the elderly.

Foods that have been associated with E. coli O157:H7 include ground beef, fruits and vegetables, sprouts and unpasteurized juices.

When meat is ground, E. coli O157:H7 can be mixed from the surface into the middle of a patty or meatball. The only way to ensure that the dangerous
bacterium is killed is to use a digital tip-sensitive thermometer.
All three E. coli victims in the infosheet were hospitalized with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a severe, life-threatening complication of an E. coli O157:H7 infection. Although most people recover from the symptoms of E. coli O157:H7 infection, about 5-10% of infected individuals develop (HUS).  The essence of the syndrome is described by its three central features: destruction of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), destruction of platelets (those blood cells responsible for clotting, resulting in low platelet counts, or thrombocytopenia), and acute renal failure.

E. coli victim out of coma, recovering

20-year-old Stephanie Smith has woken from nine weeks in a medically-induced coma shortly before Christmas. Smith became ill with an E. coli infection in September after eating a contaminated hamburger, and has since been hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome.

On October 6, 2007, Cargill Meat Solutions Corporation announced that it was recalling approximately 845,000 pounds of frozen ground beef patties for possible E. coli O157:H7 contamination. The recall was initiated after three people in Minnesota tested positive for E. coli and a joint investigation by the Minnesota Department of Health and Minnesota Department of Agriculture identified the Cargill hamburger patties as the source of the illnesses.

The Cargill products were sold at retail establishments and to restaurants and other institutions. Sam’s Club announced that it was pulling the potentially E. coli-contaminated ground beef patties produced by Cargill from its store shelves nationwide on October 5th.
 

2007 E. coli recalls total more than 33.3 million pounds

The year 2007 is going to be remembered for the big beef recalls due to E. coli returning with a vengeance. All totaled meat producers were forced to recall over 33.3 million pounds of beef products.

Topping the list was the 21.7 million pound recall due to E. coli that sent the New Jersey-based Topps Foods into bankruptcy. When United Food Group in June was forced to recall 5.7 million pounds of E. coli-laced ground beef, no one would have guessed it was going to lead to a second half of 2007 that found E. coli in beef just like the bad old days.

E. coli forced the recall of 3.3 million pounds of Totino’s and Jeno’s frozen meat pizzas. In two separate recalls, Cargill had to recall over 1.9 million pounds of beef they had contaminated with the deadly E. coli pathogen.

Most of the big recalls of 2007 remain on the active case list of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The percentage of recalled products actually returned to manufacturers is often pretty low.

Leafy Green Safety Generates Discussion

The Western Growers Association said there should be no exemptions from uniform steps that growers and handlers should have to follow to certify the safety of lettuce, spinach, endive, kale, cabbage and other greens.

At a congressional hearing in May, Joseph Pezzini, an executive with Ocean Mist Farms in Castroville, Calif., and the chairman overseeing California's Leafy Green Handlers Marketing Agreement, said industry is best suited to define best practices for handling the covered vegetables.

The Consumers Union's Odabashian opposed the marketing-agreement plan in comments, saying the Agriculture Department idea isn't appropriate for addressing safety concerns. She said in an interview that the California agreement, which went into effect in July, didn't prevent two recent recalls.
 

The effects of a cow's diet on E. coli levels

Researchers from Kansas State University have concluded that cattle that are fed distiller's grain, a byproduct of ethanol production, have an increased incidence of E. coli O157:H7.

T.G. Nagaraja, a professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology at Kansas State's College of Veterinary Medicine, and Jim Drouillard, a professor of animal sciences at Kansas State, conducted research to determine whether diet influences the number of bacteria in an animal's gut.

“Feeding cattle distiller's grain is a big economic advantage for ethanol plants," Nagaraja said. "We realize we can't tell cattle producers, 'Don't feed distiller's grain.' What we want to do is not only understand the reasons why 0157 increases, but also find a way to prevent that from happening."

 

Kansas 5-year-old released from hospital

Five-year-old Aubrey Anderson from Hutchinson, Kansas, was released from Wesley Medical Center after being hospitalized for a month with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Aubrey was released from the hospital to recover at home because her mother is a registered nurse.

Public health officials have yet to identify the source of Aubrey's illness, and she will continue medical follow-up for months to years.

Initial indications were that her kidneys were functioning, so the family is optimistic she'll make a full recovery.
 

Kentucky Woman Dies from E. coli Infection

Vickie Shelton, a Knox County resident, passed away on Monday, November 26th at Central Baptist Hospital in Lexington after being admitted. Ms. Shelton had eaten ground beef before becoming ill, and public health officials are conducting tests to determine whether that ground beef was contaminated with E. coli.

American Foods Group of Green Bay, Wisc. issued the recall on products produced in October and reportedly shipped to retailers and distributors in seven states including Kentucky, Indiana, Maryland, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin and Virginia.

USDA regulation for leafy green industries?

The USDA is proposing that they ask the public about whether the leafy green industry should be further regulated.

More regulation is the USDA's response to several E. coli outbreaks that have been the result of consumption of contaminated produce.

One option is a national version of the industry-developed standards that followed the E. coli outbreak and now govern California farmers and leafy green handlers. The USDA is considering both voluntary and mandatory standards, officials say, but favors a voluntary program that allows flexibility.

California and Arizona leafy greens producers have already signed marketing agreements that were designed to encourage good manufacturing practices across their industry, and the United Fresh Produce Association has asked the government to step in and regulate farming and processing practices for leafy greens.
 

E. coli victim still hospitalized

Stephanie Smith E. coliSharon Smith, the mother of Stephanie Smith, a Minnesota resident who has been hospitalized for months after eating a hamburger and becoming ill with E. coli poisoning, spoke with Kirsti Marohn of the St. Cloud Times for an article that appeared in today's paper.  She shared the story of the few days before Stephanie became ill with symptoms of E. coli infection, and of her hospitalization. 

The 20-year-old dance instructor has undergone intensive medical treatment while doctors work to support her body.  Five days after becoming ill, Stephanie was hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome and was placed in a coma when she began having seizures.  As Kristi Marohn wrote:
Two months later, she remains in critical condition at St. Marys Hospital in Rochester, fighting for her life against a severe case of E. coli poisoning.

Doctors have told Sharon that Stephanie remains extremely critical. She was diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome, caused when E. coli toxins enter the bloodstream.

The severity of her case is very rare, similar to only a handful of others worldwide. Still, Sharon hasn’t given up hope that her only daughter, with her wide smile and warm personality, will pull through.

There are hopeful signs. Stephanie’s kidneys have started functioning again, and she no longer needs dialysis. But there are setbacks, too. Her tongue has swelled so doctors have had to prop her mouth open and put an oxygen mask on her. So far, attempts to lower the coma-inducing drugs have resulted in more seizures. She continues to breathe with the help of a respirator.
Stephanie's is one of the most severe E. coli cases reported on in recent years, but she is not alone.  Other E. coli victims from outbreaks this fall have also been hospitalized for lengthy periods - at least one other in a coma

Indiana, Utah residents fight E. coli infections

E. coli In September, an E. coli outbreak among students at Galena Elementary School perplexed health officials.  Several children became ill with E. coli and a source of the outbreak was elusive.  The sibling of two students at Galena Elementary battled an E. coli infection during the outbreak, and continues to recover after being on dialysis.  His mother has been hospitalized since she became ill with E. coli over 52 days ago. 

WAVE3 TV out of St. Louis, Missouri, reported the story of Amelia Seraiah's E. coli illness and hospitalization last night:
A Floyd County woman watched her son battle a deadly strain of E. coli back in September. Now she's hospitalized with the same illness. But her health isn't the only problem the single mother of five is facing.

It was 52 days ago -- on September 30th -- when Amelia Seraiah came down with the deadly bacteria. Her children are now staying with family members, who say they just pray she makes a full recovery.

Sharon Peltier has a lot to be thankful for this week. Her 3-year-old grandson, William, is off dialysis and doing better. He spent 17 days last month in Kosair Children's Hospital. Now Peltier's daughter (William's mother) is in Norton Hospital, fighting the same illness: E. coli.
Amelia isn't the only person battling an E. coli infection who will spend Thanksgiving in the hospital.  7-year-old Jayden Moss, of Willard, Utah, is expected to remain hospitalized until February.  He became ill with an E. coli infection earlier this fall and has suffered brain damage due to neurological involvement of HUS.  According to KSL.com:
Jayden is now at the learning level of an infant after developing Hemalitic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) from E. coli.

"He started throwing up and diarrhea," his mother, Rachael, said.

It eventually shut down his kidneys, and blood vessels in his body began bursting, causing severe brain damage. "Right now he doesn't walk, doesn't talk, he doesn't eat on his own, he's fed by a machine," Jayden's father, Jeremiah, explained.
According to the KSL story, Jayden's first-grade classmates have raised $6,500 to help his family pay their medical bills.

E. coli, HUS, a Coma, and Recovery

Matt Roberts, a Mattoon High School senior from Mattoon, Illinois, became ill with an E. coli infection just before an E. coli outbreak was traced to El Rancherito restaurant in Effingham last September.

His E. coli infection progressed to hemolytic uremic syndrome and he was hospitalized for over a month.  While hospitalized, Matt was placed in a medically-induced coma for ten days, and underwent dialysis and blood and plasma transfusions.  Even after he was released from the hospital, Matt continued to receive plasma transfusions.

The Coles County Health Department worked to identify the source of his E. coli infection but has thus far been unable to determine the source of his illness.
 

Meat Safety

In an editorial titled, "Is the meat you buy safe enough?" that appears online at the Eco-Logic Powerhouse website, Henry Lamb evaluates the state of the meat industry and USDA's role in it, including the recent E. coli outbreaks linked to meat produced at Topps and Cargill.

In the editorial, Mr. Lamb analyzes what in his view is the inadequacy of the current USDA inspection system and discusses USDA's current efforts to implement an animal tracking system - which he believes is completely unnecessary.

Mr. Lamb addressed the argument that irradiation will make food safer, and suggests that if food irradiation is implemented, there will be less pressure on slaughterhouses to prevent contamination.
 

Kansas girl on dialysis following E. coli infection

Five-year-old Aubrey Anderson is undergoing dialysis treatments at a Wichita hospital to combat the effects of hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to E. coli infection. The child has been hospitalized for 18 days.

Aubrey remains on a feeding tube, which goes down through her nose and bypasses her stomach into her intestines. She continues to frequently vomit, however, which displaces the feeding tube.

Possible pizza E. coli case in Iowa

The Des Moines Register reported this morning that an Iowa E. coli case might be connected to the E. coli outbreak that was traced back to consumption of Totino's and Jeno's pizzas earlier this month.  According to the story, testing is still being conducted, and the epidemiologic investigation has not yet concluded that the pizza was the source of the Iowan's illness; however, the investigation is ongoing.  Nigel Duara wrote:
totino's ecoli outbreakDr. Patricia Quinlisk of the Iowa Department of Public Health said Tuesday that either a person in western Iowa contracted a strain of E. coli that matches the DNA "fingerprint" of the E. coli bacterium involved in a national frozen pizza recall, or the person's history involves consumption of the tainted product.

The bacterium in the recall is blamed for sickening 23 people in 12 other states, including bordering states South Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, Illinois and Wisconsin.

Quinlisk said the department has investigated three cases. Two did not match the strain found in the pepperoni in Totino's and Jeno's pizzas, but one case is still under investigation.

"We're still waiting for some further information," Quinlisk said Tuesday. "We don't know it's definitely here. Two (cases) were proved not to be here."
General Mills announced on November 1, 2007, that the company was recalling its Totino’s Crisp Crust Party pizzas and Jeno’s Crisp ‘N Tasty pizzas for possible E. coli O157:H7 contamination. The recall was initiated after over 20 people became ill with E. coli infections after eating the pizzas.

The pizzas were produced on or before October 30, and were distributed nationwide. Each package is marked with “EST. 7750” inside the USDA seal of inspection, and has a “best if used by” date on or before April 2, 2008.

Ground beef positive for E. coli could become part of your lasagna, meat loaf, or pre-cooked hamburgers - even part of your kid's school lunch

A loophole in the food safety system allows E. coli-contaminated ground beef to become part of pre-cooked products destined for the frozen foods section at grocery stores and school lunches through the USDA's National School Lunch Program, according to the Chicago Tribune.

Food Safety and Inspection Service inspectors believe that the amount of E. coli contamination in ground beef products has not declined nearly as much as has been touted in the last several years.

If a company tests ground beef, and it is positive for E. coli and shifted to a "cook only" line, USDA testing is apparently not performed on the product.

After ConAgra recalled 19 million pounds of ground beef for E. coli contamination in 2002, the company planned to "recycle" the ground beef it recovered by using it in canned chili products and pet food. After consumers learned of ConAgra’s plan, the company ultimately announced that it was destroying the ground beef instead of re-using it.
 

More E. coli cases pop up in Ohio, Wisconsin

The Sandusky County Health Department in Ohio is investigating the source of a Ross High School student's E. coli case.

Since the source of the outbreak has not been identified, SCHD sent home a letter with students at Ross High School so that they would be aware of the symptoms of E. coli infection.

Fremont School Superintendent Traci McCaudy said that the cleaning staff disinfected all of the classrooms, following strict health department guidelines. The student can return to school when she is symptom free.

In addition, Wisconsin health officials are investigating an E. coli case in a student who attends St. Norbert College.
 

Topps hamburgers still being sold in New Jersey

Ground beef patties produced by Topps Meat Company that were recalled for possible E. coli contamination in September are still on store shelves.

Over the past few weeks, 141 boxes of Topps burgers have been found at 12 stores, all in northern New Jersey except for one in Gloucester City in Camden County, according to the state Division of Consumer Affairs.

At least six people in New York had become ill with E. coli infections after eating Topps Meats' ground beef, and the investigation into these illnesses by the New York Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was what led to the resulting recall.

Topps Meat Company of Elizabeth, New Jersey, recalled 21.7 million pounds of frozen ground beef products that may have been contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. The CDC announced that 38 confirmed illnesses had been tied to the outbreak in 9 states: Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
 

Kansas child hospitalized with E. coli, benefit planned for Wisconsin family

Aubrey Anderson, a five-year-old from Sterling, Kansas, has been hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome, secondary to E. coli infection. Doctors believe she could remain hospitalized for 3-6 weeks.

Public health officials have not yet been able to determine the source of Aubrey's illness, unlike in the case of Courtney Hansen, an eight-year-old from Ellsworth, Wisconsin, who was recently released from the hospital after a five-week stay while she was treated for HUS.

In Courtney's case, the Pierce County Herald reported that she and her younger twin sisters all became ill with E. coli infections after eating wind-fall apples.

Benefits are being planned to raise money for medical expenses.
 

Tennessee family sues Cargill over E. coli illnesses

Marler Clark has filed a lawsuit on behalf of Knoxville, Tennessee, residents Jim and Georgia McDonald and their two children, who both became ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections and were hospitalized after eating hamburgers made from Cargill ground beef patties.

Four-year-old John McDonald was seen in the emergency room, where he was treated for dehydration and released. The next day, he was taken by ambulance to East Tennessee Children’s Hospital, and was admitted. While hospitalized, John developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, pancreatitis, compromised liver function, and bowel necrosis.

He was later transferred to the University of Tennessee Medical Center for dialysis, and on October 16th underwent surgery to have part of his bowel removed. After nearly a month’s hospitalization, John was discharged from the hospital, but has not yet fully recovered from his E. coli infection and the following complications.

One-year-old Michaela McDonald fell ill with symptoms of E. coli infection about a day after John, and was treated for dehydration at the emergency room. Michaela was then admitted to East Tennessee Children’s Hospital. When her brother was transferred to the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Michaela was also transferred. She remained hospitalized for over a week.
 

Iowa, New York report E. coli cases

E. coli cases in Iowa and New York have surfaced. In Iowa, three children have tested positive for E. coli infection in the last few weeks. Two of the children attend the same daycare center, and an investigation into the cases is ongoing.

Polk County Health Department experts said they have connected at least two cases, but have not found the source.

In New York, one child from Niagara County was recently diagnosed with E. coli. The student in the Wilson Central School District is now back in school after recovering completely from the illness. The public health department is still investigating the source of the child's illness.
 

California E. coli case prompts investigation

A San Bernardino child has been diagnosed with E. coli, according to the Press-Enterprise. Public health officials are working to determine the source of E. coli contamination, and are including the child's daycare in the investigation.

Health department investigators asked Ravon Bivins’ mother, Monique, about animal and food exposures as part of the E. coli investigation.

California Department of Social Services spokesman Oscar Ramirez stated the agency is investigating a complaint filed last week against the KinderCare facility that Ravon attended.
 

Topps meat found in NJ stores after recall

Meat recalled a month ago that could be contaminated with E. coli was found in seven northern New Jersey stores, state consumer safety officials said Tuesday.

Inspectors in the past week have seized 138 boxes of frozen hamburgers made by Topps Meat Co., which issued a nationwide recall on Sept. 29 for 21.7 million pounds of frozen patties.

Four of the stores, all in Jersey City, were located after a distributor was subpoenaed by the state Division of Consumer Affairs and provided shop names and locations. Inspectors found the other three while visiting nearly 200 stores in Hudson County

State authorities have not determined when the meat was delivered to the stores.
 

Topps E. coli outbreak update

The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service has announced that in a joint investigation between the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and FSIS, investigators had determined that Ranchers Beef, a Canadian company, had supplied E. coli-contaminated beef trimmings to Topps.

The agency also announced that Ranchers Beef, Ltd., has been "delisted" since October 20, meaning the company has not been eligible to export meat to the United States since that date.

Topps has expanded an earlier recall to include 21.7 million pounds of ground beef products for possible E. coli contamination. The recall was initiated after illnesses associated with the products were reported in New York, Pennsylvania, and several other states.  As of October 26, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had identified 40 illnesses under investigation as being part of the outbreak.
 

Aftermath of an E. coli outbreak: industry changes

Federal investigators are saying that they have recently learned that Topps Meat Company failed to require adequate testing on the raw beef it bought from its domestic suppliers, and it sometimes mixed tested and untested meat in its grinding machines.

The Agriculture Department acknowledged that its safety inspectors, who were in the Topps plant for an hour or two each day, never cited the company for these problems.

Additionally, Topps, like many other beef processors, had bought an increasing amount of meat from overseas. Some types of meat from foreign countries are not required to be tested for contamination.

There have been 15 E. coli O157:H7 recalls in beef this year, eight of which caused illnesses. The USDA now will test meat at large plants about 12 times a year, up from seven.
 

Tennessee toddler dies after fighting E. coli

A Cocke County, Tennessee child has died after fighting an E. coli infection. The girl, who was 20-months-old and was diagnosed with E. coli on October 9, was determined to be brain-dead on Monday and her heart stopped functioning late Tuesday night.

Officials with the East Tennessee Regional Health Department said Wednesday the source of Jaycee's infection has not been confirmed, according to WATE.com.

The toddler’s family says Jaycee had a little bit of hamburger meat the Saturday before she got sick, but they don't know if that was the cause of her infection.
 

New York Couple Sues Topps: Punitive damages sought

A lawsuit seeking punitive damages was filed today against Topps, the New Jersey beef supplier that recalled nearly a year's supply of frozen ground beef patties after its products were identified as the source of an E. coli outbreak in September.

The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Keith and Kristin Goodwin and their 8-year-old son, Lucas, by Seattle-based Marler Clark and Rochester-based Underberg & Kessler.

The lawsuit states that Topps had knowledge of consumer illness tied to its products and a positive E. coli sample from its ground beef patties no later than September 8th, seven days before Kristin and Lucas Goodwin ate Topps hamburgers.

Kristin was released from the hospital on September 26th, but Lucas developed hemolytic uremic syndrome and remained hospitalized for eight days. While they were hospitalized, Topps recalled 332,000 pounds of ground beef products.  The company later expanded the recall to include 21.7 million pounds of ground beef.
 

E. coli is everywhere!

E. coli cases have sprung up across the nation in recent weeks. Some of these cases have been traced back to the millions of pounds of ground beef that have been recalled by Cargill and Topps, but in other cases a source has not been identified.

Of recent news reported:

  • Two North Carolina children became ill with E. coli infections after eating hamburgers produced by Cargill.  The children have since recovered from their E. coli infections, and Cargill recalled 840,000 pounds of ground beef patties sold at Sam's Club and other stores.
  • J&B Meats Corporation recalled 173,000 pounds of ground beef.
  • Public health officials have been so far unable to determine the source of an E. coli outbreak at an elementary school in southern Indiana where ten children became ill with E. coli infections. At least one child is still hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome.
  • A Tennessee toddler has been hospitalized from eating an potentially E. coli-contaminated hamburger.  If her case is, in fact, tied to ground beef, her case may be related to three other E. coli cases in Knox County that have been confirmed part of the Cargill E. coli outbreak.
     

Non-O157:H7 E. coli getting attention

Federal regulators will be meeting to discuss the incidence of E. coli outbreaks and illnesses that can be attributed to E. coli strains that produce Shiga-toxins, but are not E. coli O157:H7.

For years, E. coli 0157:H7 has been the only strain being the focus of government oversight and has prompted massive nationwide food recalls. But evidence has been piling up in the past several years to show there are other forms of dangerous E. coli bacteria that may be just as deadly to humans.

While the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention list just 501 cases of illness caused by these other dangerous E. coli bacteria in 2005, the number is probably much greater than that, USDA Undersecretary for Food Safety Richard Raymond said.
 

Cargill E. coli outbreak gets bigger - fallout of beef recalls continues

Three students from Wisconsin and two North Carolina children were added to the number of E. coli illnesses caused by consumption of E. coli-contaminated ground beef patties produced by Cargill and sold by Sam's Club today.

The Wisconsin students all ate hamburgers served at a cookout before a soccer game on campus. The North Carolina children had both attended a cookout where hamburgers were served.

Sam's Club has pulled more than 840,000 pounds of patties nationwide.
 

Wisconsin E. coli cases investigated for link to Cargill outbreak

At least five Wisconsin residents have been diagnosed with E. coli, according to the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel.

Health officials are working to determine whether the Wisconsin cases have a link to earlier cases reported in Minnesota that were traced back to consumption of E. coli-contaminated hamburgers produced by Cargill and sold at Sam's Club.

One of the victims, an 18-year-old Milwaukee woman, has been confirmed to be suffering from an E. coli infection induced by the same strain of E. coli found in Minnesota children who ate Cargill-brand hamburgers and became ill. The 18-year-old woman linked to the Minnesota cases is the only Wisconsin person whom officials have described.

More tests are being conducted to determine whether any of the other Wisconsin cases share the same strain of E. coli as the Minnesota cases.
 

Indiana E. coli not likely from food

An E. coli outbreak among children who attend Galena Elementary School may not have come from a source inside or close to the school.

DNA test results have shown a link between the strain of the E. coli in the Galena cases with an isolated case reported outside the county in August.

“This finding suggests that outbreak strain may have been circulating in the community or the environment prior to the outbreak,” says Dr. Tom Harris, Floyd County health officer. “Some cases do not attend Galena Elementary School nor reside in Floyd County.”

State and county health officials would not identify the location of the isolated case.
 

Topps E. coli victim's story told, Cargill recall details released

Marler Clark client Emily McDonald's mom Catherine is thankful that doctors did not treat her daughter with antibiotics without knowing whether she was suffering from E. coli or not. The administration of antibiotics is believed to be a potential contributing factor to children developing hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Antibiotics and painkillers can slow the expulsion of the bacteria from the body and cause more complications, said Josh Schaffzin, the state Department of Health's medical director of the regional epidemiology program.

Emily has been able to start school with her third-grade classmates at St. Pius X School in Loudonville. She's returned to her soccer team and is starting saxophone lessons.

Topps Meat Company, LLC, of Elizabeth, N.J., has voluntarily expanded its Sept. 25 recall to include a total of approximately 21.7 million pounds of frozen ground beef products because they may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.
 

Topps closes, USDA admits recall could have happened sooner

Topps Meat Company, the company whose ground beef products were identified as the source of an E. coli outbreak and recalled over 21 million pounds of ground beef in recent weeks, closed today. It is closing its business six days after it was forced to issue the second-largest beef recall in U.S. history and 67 years after it first opened its doors.

USDA officials also acknowledged that the recall could have been announced much faster, admitting that a positive E. coli sample from Topps brand meat was identified weeks before the recall was announced.

Topps began recalling frozen hamburger patties that may have been contaminated with the E. coli bacteria strain O157:H7. The recall eventually ballooned to 21.7 million pounds of ground beef.

Topps Chief Operating Officer Anthony D'Urso, told the Jeff Gold of the Associated Press that a few employees will remain at the processing facility to help USDA scientists investigate the source of the E. coli outbreak, but that the company would not reopen.

Thirty people in eight states had E. coli infections matching the strain found in the Topps patties, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported. None have died. The decision will cost 87 people their jobs.
 

Two E. coli cases identified in Grayson County, KY

Two E. coli cases have been reported in Grayson County, Kentucky, according to the Grayson County News-Gazette.

Public health officials have not indicated that the cases are related to the Topps meat recall and E. coli outbreak or to the E. coli outbreak among children attending an Indiana school.

One of the cases being reported in Grayson County is school-based, whereas the other case is not, says Linda Sims, director for the Lincoln Trail District Health Department. She said the two cases do not seem to be related since the two patients do not have any contact with each other.
 

Seattle-area family ill with E. coli

Public health officials and health care providers are trying to determine where a Seattle-area family picked up E. coli, but have not yet come up with any answers.

First, 16-month-old Adelido started to show symptoms of E. coli two weekends ago, according to KING 5 News. Then, 3-year-old Carlitos became ill a few days later. Right after both boys got out of the hospital, their grandmother who often babysits them checked into the hospital with the same symptoms.

 

7 hospitalized with E. coli in Indiana

The number of E. coli infections tied to Galena Elementary School in Floyd County, Indiana, has risen to ten.

Among the ten sickened, seven have been hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome in Louisville, Kentucky. Three of the cases are not students.

Seven children have been hospitalized for E. coli infections, but Kosair Children's Hospital says federal privacy laws prohibited him from identifying them or describing their conditions, reports the Indianapolis Star.
 

Topps E. coli-tainted hamburger recall tops 21,700,000 pounds

Topps Meat Company LLC, of Elizabeth, NJ, has voluntarily expanded its recall announced on September 25 to include 21.7 million pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. This represents all products produced by Topps with a "sell by date" or "best if used by date" that falls between September 25, 2007 and September 25, 2008.

This information may be found on the back panel of the package. All recalled products will have a USDA establishment number of EST 9748, which is located on the back panel of the package and/or in the USDA legend.  So far nearly 30 people had been confirmed ill in at least 8 states.

This recall tops the Con Agra recall of 19,000,000 pounds in 2002 that sickened over forty and killed one and is just under the 25,000,000 pounds recalled by now-bankrupt Hudson Foods in 1997.  Here are a few examples of E. coli illnesses and outbreaks occurring in 2007:

  1. At least thirteen people were confirmed ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections after eating ground beef produced by United Food Group sold in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming and Montana. Over 5,700,000 pound of meat were recalled.

  2. Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc. recalled 40,440 pounds of ground beef products due to possible contamination with E. coli O157:H7. No illnesses yet reported.
  3. Seven Minnesotans were confirmed as part of the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak that prompted PM Beef Holdings to recall 117,500 pounds of beef trim products that was ground and sold at Lunds and Byerly’s stores.
  4. Twenty-seven people were confirmed ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections in Fresno County. The Fresno County Department of Community Health inspected the “Meat Market” in Northwest Fresno, the source of the outbreak.
  5. At least two people were confirmed ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections in Michigan after eating ground beef produced by Davis Creek Meats and Seafood of Kalamazoo, Michigan. The E. coli outbreak prompted Davis Creek Meats and Seafood to recall approximately 129,000 pounds of beef products that were distributed in Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
  6. Following reports of three Napa Valley children who became sick from hamburger patties sold at a St. Helena Little League snack shack, 100,000 pounds of hamburger (that was a year old) was recalled.
  7. Several people were confirmed ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections in Pennsylvania after eating E. coli-contaminated meat products at Hoss’s Family Steak and Sea Restaurants, a Pennsylvania-based restaurant chain that purchased its meat from HFX, Inc., of South Claysburg, Pennsylvania. As a result of the outbreak, HFX recalled approximately 4,900 pounds of meat products.


 

E. coli cases up to 21 in Topps outbreak

A Topps Meats, of Elizabeth, New Jersey press release reported that at least 21 people in eight states could be part of an E. coli outbreak that has been traced back to consumption of ground beef products produced by their company.  The CDC has confirmed three cases linked to Topps, and is waiting on lab testing for confirmation of an additional 18 cases, according to the Associated Press.

Health officials found contaminated burgers in one New York victim's home freezer.  The boxes recalled carry the number "Est. 9748" inside the USDA mark and were produced on June 22, July 12 or July 23.



The recalled products include certain 10-pound boxes of Butcher's Best 100% All Beef Patties; certain 10-pound boxes of Kohler Foods burgers; certain 10-pound boxes of Sand Castle Fine Meat; some 2-pound boxes of Topps 100% Pure Ground Beef Hamburgers; and some 3-pound boxes of Topps 100% Pure Ground Beef Hamburgers.

Illinois child with E. coli infection hospitalized with HUS

A six-year-old first grade student at Galena Elementary School in Indiana has been hospitalized with kidney failure after she developed hemolytic uremic syndrome following an E. coli infection, according to WLKY news. 

The child is one of six students at the school who have been confirmed as suffering E. coli infections, with five cases unconfirmed but possibly linked to the outbreak.  The state health department has joined the outbreak investigation, and is sending three additional investigators to help determine the source of the outbreak.  The school has been thoroughly cleaned but parents are still concerned about the safety of their kids.



State Health Officials said they are sending three more specialists to Floyd County to help track down the source of an E. coli infection.  Two food specialists and a second epidemiologist are scheduled to inspect the school Tuesday.

 

E. coli outbreak one year later

USA Today featured a detailed timeline of last year's spinach outbreak - from the first death to the discovery that spinach was the source of the outbreak to the fifth death and how the spinach industry and federal investigators and regulators responded during the crises and beyond. 

Marler Clark client Jillian Kohl stated in the article:  "By the time I am 40 to 45 years old, I could be laying in a bed hooked up to dialysis machines again. I know death is inevitable, but sometimes it feels like quite a load to carry, knowing a rough timeline has potentially been put on my life."

 

Kindergarteners hospitalized with E. coli

Health officials in Russelville, Kentucky warn that two kindergarten students have been diagnosed with E. coli infections.  It is unclear how the students became infected with E. coli, but an investigation is underway and the school sent letters home with students last week to notify parents about the girls' illness, according to The News-Democrat & Leader.

“When we had the first student become sick we were concerned but didn't do anything because we weren't sure where she had gotten it,” said Logan County Superintendent Marshall Kemp. “But when you have two that get sick you start looking at things differently.”



Kemp said the school has been disinfected in several areas including the kindergarten classes, primary grade classrooms, the restrooms and busses. He said the school notified each parent by letter and attempted to call each kindergarten parent.
 

Ninth E. coli case reported in beef recall

Yesterday, an Idaho woman was added to the list of people who became ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections after eating ground beef produced by a Clackamas, Oregon meat producer and consumers were warned to check their freezers for potentially contaminated ground beef products. Illnesses associated with the outbreak have been reported in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

This morning, Alex Pulaski of the Oregonian reported that a Bend, Oregon, resident helped Oregon health officials determine the source of her E. coli illness and establish a link to the Washington and Idaho cases.

Amber Wark, one of the family members who had fallen ill, discovered a telling clue Saturday morning while taking it on herself to rummage through a dozen garbage bags in a trailer bed: packaging for 4 pounds of ground beef.

The wrappers led state epidemiologists, federal agricultural inspectors and Washington health authorities back to Interstate Meat Distributors Inc. in Clackamas, which had ground the meat that Wark bought July 29 at Safeway.
 

Washington, Oregon residents ill with E. coli after eating ground beef

The Food Safety and Inspection Service announced today that Interstate Meat Dist., Inc., of Clackamas, Oregon, was recalling 41,305 pounds of ground beef products for potential E. coli O157:H7 contamination. The recall was announced after at least eight people in Oregon and Washington became ill with E. coli infections after eating the ground beef products.

This public health alert was initiated after epidemiological investigations conducted by the State of Oregon Department of Health Services and the Washington State Department of Health determined that there is a possible link between the ground beef products and eight confirmed E. coli O157:H7 illnesses reported in Oregon and Washington.

The products subject to this public health alert include:

  • 16-ounce packages of "Northwest Finest 7% FAT, NATURAL GROUND BEEF." The label bears a UPC code of "752907 600127."
  • 16-ounce packages of "Northwest Finest 10% FAT, Organic GROUND BEEF."

     

$5.5 million to go toward E. coli research

Yesterday, the USDA announced that it has awarded $5.5 million to researchers who are working to determine the risk factors and prevention measures for E. coli O157:H7 contamination in fresh produce.

USDA's Agricultural Research Service and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service are providing the funding to ARS researcher Rob Mandrell and his collaborators at the University of California to continue their research in the Central Valley of California. Over the next three years ARS will contribute $5 million and CSREES will contribute $470,999. In 2006, CSREES awarded Mandrell and colleague Robert Atwill at University of California-Davis $1.2 million to do research in the Salinas Valley.

Mandrell will address where E. coli O157:H7 originates, how it survives on the plant, and what factors lead to an increase in produce-related outbreaks. Potential risk factors include animals, land practices, packing and processing processes and wildlife.

Additionally, the project will feature workshops and publications to educate the animal operators, natural resource managers and the public about animal diseases that can be transferred to humans, how animal waste can contaminate water sources, and beneficial management practices for maintaining and improving water runoff quality.
 

E. coli cases up: Reporter looks at 10-year history of E. coli in ground beef

A lot has happened since the largest ground beef recall in U.S. history, including a significant decline in E. coli contamination and illnesses. Since 1996, E. coli cases have trended downward, but in 2004 and 2006, E. coli cases are back up.

In April, the United States Department of Agriculture began testing beef trimmings - the meat that goes into ground beef - for E. coli contamination.  The testing is done before trimmings leave the slaughterhouse to be processed at a grinding operation.

Packing plants also are encouraged to hold onto ground beef until E. coli tests are returned and are confirmed as positive, Raymond said, a process that could take a day. The USDA offers to cut back on some of its other inspections if plants agree to wait for results.

E. coli outbreaks traced back to ground beef continue to happen, but the significant decline in illnesses is a tribute to the industry's efforts to clean up.  The recent up-tick in E. coli cases traced to contaminated produce are cause for concern.  Like the beef industry, the produce industry must implement an effective industry-wide approach at curbing E. coli contamination to keep the number of cases - and outbreaks - down.
 

Colorado E. coli outbreak investigation focuses on daycare, water sources

Health officials in Colorado are investigating an E. coli outbreak among children in Eagle County. Several cases have been confirmed in children under 5. The county is focusing on swimming pools and child-care centers in its investigation.

In the summer of 1998, 26 children became ill from E. coli O157:H7 contracted while playing in the kiddie pool at White Water Park, a commercial water park in suburban Atlanta. Seven of those children were hospitalized and a 2-year-old boy died from hemolytic uremic syndrome, a kidney disorder caused by E. coli O157:H7.

In August of 2000, the Kindercare facility located on Lexington Drive in Folsom, California, was traced as the source of an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak. Health department officials who investigated the outbreak determined that the probable “index case” – a child who unknowingly brought the bacteria into the facility – experienced “explosive diarrhea at the daycare on the afternoon of 8-3-00.”
 

E. coli and the county fair

A 2003 study on the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in livestock at 29 county and 3 large state agricultural fairs in the United States found that E. coli O157:H7 could be isolated from 13.8 percent of beef cattle, 5.9 percent of dairy cattle, 3.6 percent of pigs, 5.2 percent of sheep, and 2.8 percent of goats. Over seven percent of pest fly pools also tested positive for E. coli O157:H7.

Legislation and the implementation of guidelines and regulations will greatly reduce the likelihood of zoonotic disease outbreaks in North Carolina, but most states have not yet enacted the same measures, and outbreaks will continue to happen.

Anniversary of an outbreak

Tomorrow marks one year since E. coli-contaminated spinach was harvested from a field in California's Salinas Valley. One month from today will mark a year from the date US health officials - the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control - confirmed that that spinach was the source of a nationwide E. coli outbreak, and announced that all bagged spinach products were being recalled for possible E. coli contamination.

Earthbound Farms, which is the largest producer of gourmet salad greens, hired food safety microbiologist Mansour Samadpour to set up a testing lab just days after the outbreak was traced to the company's products.  Dr. Samadpour instituted a testing regimen that is the most aggressive in the leafy greens industry.  All products are now checked for pathogens when they arrive at the processing plant and when they are through processing.

E. coli cases in Georgia

Health officials in Glynn County, Georgia have confirmed that they are investigating three E. coli cases. So far this year, 15 E. coli cases have been reported in Georgia, including the three cases under investigation. All three of the Glynn County cases involve adults - one who remains hospitalized, and who who were hospitalized, but have been released.

"We're now waiting on results of more sophisticated testing to see if these three people were infected by the same source," said Saroyi Morris, environmental health director of the Coastal Health District.

They hope to receive those results early in the week.
 

Children die in Canada, Japan, after suffering E. coli infections

A two-year-old Canadian boy and three-year-old Japanese girl died recently after becoming ill with E. coli infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The source of each child's illness is being investigated by public health officials.

The Canadian child became ill in June, and died just days after being hospitalized.  He was not part of an outbreak, and investigators are working to determine whether his illness can be associated with any other illnesses across Canada.

The Japanese child became ill at the end of July, and also died just days after her hospitalization.  Health officials have linked the girl's illness to a cluster of E. coli infections associated with the day care facility she attended, but have not yet announced whether the outbreak is foodborne or is from some other source.

Officials said they suspect all five were fed the same food at the school, but they are also investigating whether the source of infection was from outside the school.

Two children are still being treated at a hospital in the city for diarrhea and sore tummies.
 

E. coli/Crohn's Link Discovered

Researchers at Cornell University have conducted research that indicates Crohn's Disease can be caused by unpathogenic E. coli. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory intestinal disorder that affects one in 1,000 people in Europe and North America.

A team of Cornell University scientists from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences have discovered that a novel group of E. coli bacteria - containing genes similar to those described in uropathogenic and avian pathogenic E. coli and enteropathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, cholera, bubonic plague - is associated with intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease in their research paper published July 12 by "The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology."

Raw milk risks

Despite evidence that raw or unpasteurized milk carries health risks, growing numbers of consumers are skirting laws prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk through creative solutions called "cow sharing." In theory, the practice allows them to buy part of an animal and then, as a co-owner, acquire and drink its raw milk.

But some states are cracking down on these arrangements or tightening laws to prevent them. In Maryland, for example, where it has long been illegal to sell raw milk for public consumption, officials adopted emergency regulations in October to stop farmers from selling shares of livestock to consumers.

"We believe that it is a sham to circumvent the law," says Ted Elkin, deputy director of Maryland's Office of Food Protection and Consumer Health Services. A farmer has since sued to overturn the new regulation. The case remains in litigation.
 

Birmingham - area toddler home after suffering E. coli and HUS

The Troy Messenger published a follow-up story on Mallory Chandler, a Troy, Alabama, toddler who became ill with an E. coli infection and HUS while she was on vacation with her family in late June. Mallory was recently released from the hospital, and The Messenger spoke with her grandmother, Linda Chandler, about her illness and hospitalization.

Where Mallory contracted E.coli, Chandler said probably no one will ever know.

“They thought it might have been from the pool, but I don't really think that,” she said. “It could have come from anywhere. She could have touched something and then put her hand in her mouth. We just don't know.”
 

NACMPI to meet on meat and poultry inspections

FSIS announced today that the National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection will hold public meetings to discuss issues related to how data is handled and public health-based inspection.

This spring, millions of pounds of ground beef and other meat products were recalled due to E. coli contamination.  In several instances, the recalled meat was identified as the source of E. coli outbreaks.

The National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection advises the Secretary of Agriculture on matters affecting federal and state inspection program activities, and will address the following at the meeting:
 

  • Data Collection and Analysis at FSIS: Standard Operating Procedures;
  • Technical Plan for Public Health Based Inspection; and
  • Pilot Project to Explore Mechanisms for Sharing Industry Data with FSIS.
     

Risk of E. coli increases in summertime

Researchers at the University of Minnesota and the University of Nebraska have found that from June through September up to 10 percent to 20 percent of all cattle may test positive for the microbe, which is harmless to cows. In winter, the number of E.coli-positive animals declines to less than 5 percent.

Dr. Robert Gravani of Cornell University acknowledged that summertime means more E. coli outbreaks, and pointed out that consumers grilling more hamburgers is not the only cause, reports Newsday.

 

Three still hospitalized with E. coli after eating at Little Rosie's

Health officials say the Huntsville outbreak most likely was caused by contaminated lettuce served at Little Rosie's between June 27 and June 30. Eighteen of the 19 known victims ate at the popular Mexican restaurant on Whitesburg Drive on those dates; the other infected person did not eat at Little Rosie's and caught the bacteria another way.

Three Little Rosie's customers have been in the hospital since about July 4 undergoing dialysis for kidney damage.

E. coli linked to ground beef

Several reports indicate that 7 people who became ill with E. coli infections earlier this summer were infected after eating contaminated ground beef.

All seven patients, including an 8-year-old North Carolina girl who was hospitalized after her kidneys shut down, are recovering, Dr. Humayun J. Chaudhry, the Suffolk County health commissioner, said Tuesday.

Chaudhry stressed that no specific brand of ground beef has been identified; it was purchased at various locations around Long Island. He also said the majority of those who became ill between June 9 and July 3 were believed to have eaten the beef products at local barbecues and not at restaurants.

He said federal and local health officials are continuing to investigate, but early findings suggest the E. coli contamination is not specific to Suffolk.
 

California Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement

The California Department of Food and Agriculture today announced that members of the California Leafy Greens Handler Marketing Agreement can begin using a service mark on July 23. The service mark certifies membership in the LGMA program, and "indicates a handler's commitment to a set of Good Agricultural Practices audited by the LGMA."

In a press release issued by CFDA, Chairman of the LGMA communications committee and member of LGMA board of directors Tom Nunes stated, "The service mark reflects a handler's commitment to implementing enhanced food safety standards.  By using it on their bills of landing, our signatories will be communicating to customers that they are members in good standing of the LGMA."

Using the service mark communicates that a handler is in compliance with the marketing agreement, which means they are producing and marketing lettuce, spinach and other leafy green products in California according to the enhanced Good Agricultural Practices.
 

3 Kentucky children ill with E. coli, 2 hospitalized with HUS

The Bracken County, Kentucky, health department is investigating how three children became ill with E. coli infections. Two siblings and another child fell ill with E. coli nearly a month ago. Two of the children were hospitalized for several weeks with hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Nicole Logan, the mother of two of the children who were ill, tells WLWT that one, her son, Zachary, has been receiving treatment for HUS for over 3 weeks.

"Sometimes the children are not very sick and just have abnormalities in their blood tests. Other times they become very ill and require dialysis or even [have] permanent kidney failure," said Dr. Mitchell Cohen of Children's Hospital.

The Health Department is investigating what could have caused the three cases.

"They're for some reason leaning toward hamburger or spaghetti sauce," said Logan. "I just hope they can find it. I hope it's not still out there. I don't want more people to get sick."
 

Update: Huntsville, Alabama, E. coli Outbreak

In what is now the largest E. coli outbreak in Alabama in 20 years, 18 people who ate at Little Rosie's restaurant in Huntsville, Alabama, have been confirmed as suffering from E. coli O157:H7 infections, and testing is being conducted to determine whether there are additional victims of the outbreak.

The Huntsville Times reports that two people remain hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome, and a third hospitalized E. coli victim's status was not available.

The newest confirmed victims are a 65-year-old man and a 43-year-old woman. Neither got sick enough to need hospital care.

Although state and county health officials point to shredded lettuce as the most likely culprit, Bill Marler, a Seattle lawyer who specializes in foodborne illness cases, said he suspects that the outbreak ultimately will be tied to ground beef.
 

Food Safety Bills Defeated in Assembly Agriculture Committee

The California Assembly Agriculture Committee defeated Senate Bill 202, and did not vote on Senate Bills 200 and 201, all bills introduced by California Senator Dean Florez. The bills were introduced in response to last year's E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks traced to contaminated spinach and lettuce grown in California.

During the hearing, Assembly Member Nicole Parra blasted Florez: "I know you're going to go out to the press and probably say that if someone else dies, it's on our back. Well, don't blame the members of this committee, senator. Blame me if you have an issue, but that is not the message that we want to get out of this committee."

Florez shot back, criticizing Parra and the committee for failing to vote on two of the bills.

"I think this is one of those cowardly acts that will just kind of haunt people as they go on," he told reporters after the hearing. "And people will ask the question, 'Why didn't you ever vote on food safety?' At least say yes or no."
 

Child hospitalized with HUS in Birmingham

A 22-month-old child has been hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome in the Birmingham, Alabama, Children's Hospital.

Her grandfather, Dr Malone Chandler, told The Troy Messenger in regards to Mallory’s condition, “The concern for Mallory is that her kidney function began to decline in the past 24 hours. She is on dialysis, temporarily, and she has had a blood transfusion. She is not in great shape, but the news that we got today is encouraging.”

“At the beach, Mallory played in the pool,” he said. “She had not eaten anything much since last Wednesday or Thursday, so we really don't know of any food that she might have eaten that could have made her sick. We are wondering if it could have been something in the pool water.”

Chandler said in the past week four children have been admitted to Children's Hospital suffering from the same symptoms as Mallory.

Chandler said the source of Mallory's illness is not known and may never be.
 

Vermont children hospitalized in Boston with HUS

Two Vermont children have been hospitalized in Boston with hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to E. coli infection.

According to family and friends a five-year-old Barre Town girl and a three-year-old girl from Randolph both remain on dialysis after being diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome - a potentially life-threatening disease that destroys red blood cells and causes kidney failure.

Health officials investigating the two cases at this point do not believe that the cases are related, but are continuing to look into the source of both children's E. coli infections.
 

New Jersey child dies after suffering E. coli infection

A first grade student from Hackensack, Bergen County, New Jersey died Thursday after suffering from an E. coli infection.

Health officials are investigating the source of the child's illness, but have yet to find the source.  Jackson Avenue School sent a letter home to parents, alerting them of the child's illness and death, and notifying parents that health officials had not found reason to believe the child contracted E. coli at school.

"We are very confident at this point based on the information they provided us that this is an isolated incident and there is no need for concern," Hackensack Superintendent Dr. Joseph Montesano told CBS 2 HD.
 

No criminal charges over spinach E. coli outbreak

Federal prosecutors have decided against charging companies involved in the September 2006 E. coli outbreak traced to contaminated spinach.

Following the outbreak, which led to the deaths of three people and sickened about 200 others, FBI agents raided two produce processing plants and several farms for evidence of environmental and food-safety violations. The investigation did not find that growers or processors had deliberately skirted the law or were negligent in preventing tainted foods from entering the marketplace, said U.S. Attorney Scott Schools.

Authorities had searched plants in October run by Growers Express LLC in Salinas and Natural Selection Foods LLC in San Juan Bautista, as well as farms in Santa Clara, Monterey and San Benito counties.

The outbreak last August and September caused 205 illnesses in 26 states and killed two elderly women and a toddler. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that about 4,000 people were sickened by the spinach, taking into account that relatively few cases typically are reported.

The companies involved in the spinach E. coli outbreak still face civil litigation.
 

South Dakota reports two E. coli cases

Two children in Yankton County have been diagnosed with E. coli infections. Although a source has not yet been reported, KXMC reports that health officials are working to determine common exposures between the two children who have been diagnosed.

In addition, health officials in Ontario, Canada, have determined that Yaman restaurant, the source of an earlier E. coli outbreak, continues to operate although the restaurant's water supply had been shut of for an 18-hour period.  Sixty-nine diners who had eaten at the restaurant reported symptoms of E. coli infection during a public health investigation.  Nine people were confirmed ill with E. coli, and five were hospitalized.

With no clean water flowing to the restaurant, it would have been impossible for those preparing food to properly clean bacteria from their hands, utensils and surfaces touched by raw meats and other food items, said Dr. Doug Sider, Niagara's associate medical officer of health.
 

E. coli lawsuits and food safety

Chris Waldrop, director of the Consumer Federation of America's Food Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. sees a disturbing return:

"It looked like (improvements in food safety) were working, but something has happened. Something's going on in the food supply chain. We need to figure out what that is. We can't let our guard down. We need to have the same level of vigilance."

Testing at beef processing plants varies from processor to processor, but relies on a combination of industry and USDA guidelines and beef industry "best practices," according to the Sacramento Bee.

In a 2006 Texas A&M study prepared for the beef industry, examples included sampling finished ground beef products every 15 minutes to test specifically for E. coli O157:H7; documenting the source of raw material through lot or serial numbers; and discouraging the introduction of excess meat into the processing flow.

The United Foods recall is the largest of a number of recalls in recent months. In all, more than 6 million pounds of ground beef and related products have been recalled from stores and distribution sites in 25 states since April.
 

First suit filed against UFG by E. coli victim

The first lawsuit stemming from an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to ground beef produced by United Food Group, Inc. was filed yesterday in Riverside County Superior Court, in California.

The lawsuit was filed against UFG by Seattle-based Marler Clark and San Diego-based Gordon and Holmes on behalf of Lawrence Fournier and Cynthia Centura of Hemet, California, whose four-year-old daughter, Lauren, became ill with an E. coli infection and was hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome, a severe, life-threatening complication of E. coli infection that can lead to kidney failure, after eating UFG ground beef.

“The meat industry has made significant progress in preventing E. coli outbreaks traced to meat products in the last five years,” said William Marler, who has dedicated his law practice to representing victims of foodborne illness outbreaks since representing over 100 victims of the 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak. “One has to ask, ‘Who dropped the ball at UFG?’”

On June 3, 2007, UFG recalled 75,000 pounds of ground beef due to potential E. coli O157:H7 contamination. After additional testing and more reported illnesses, UFG expanded the recall on June 6 to include 370,000 pounds of ground beef. By June 9, UFG had again expanded its recall to include a total of approximately 5.7 million pounds of both fresh and frozen ground beef products.

The California Department of Health Services, the Colorado Department of Health, and the CDC reported 14 illnesses associated with the outbreak – 6 in Arizona, 3 in California, 2 in Colorado, 1 in Idaho, 1 in Utah, and 1 in Wyoming.
 

E. coli lawsuit filed against PM Beef, Lunds

A lawsuit has been filed against PM Beef Holdings, LLC and Lund Food Holdings, Inc., the producer and retailer who sold E. coli-contaminated ground beef traced to an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 illnesses in Minnesota and Wisconsin residents in April, 2007.

The lawsuit was filed on behalf of a Minneapolis, Minnesota, woman who became ill with an E. coli O157:H7 infection and was hospitalized after eating contaminated ground beef in April. The plaintiff is represented by Marler Clark, a Seattle law firm with a long track record of successfully representing victims of foodborne illness.

The plaintiff is one of seven Minnesotans who were confirmed as part of the E. coli outbreak that prompted PM Beef Holdings to recall 117,500 pounds of beef trim products that was ground and sold at Lunds and Byerly’s stores. She consumed the ground beef on April 19, and became ill with symptoms of an E. coli O157:H7 infection, including bloody diarrhea, on April 24. The plaintiff was hospitalized twice between April 25 and April 30, when she was finally discharged to recover at home.

She has yet to make a full recovery.
 

E. coli outbreaks, recalls reminder of challenges to food safety

The latest technology allowed scientists at the Colorado Department of Health and Environment to link a pair of illnesses in Denver to the same E. coli pathogen sickening several people in California.

The Colorado scientists used an international computer database called PulseNet, created by officials who track illnesses.

"We then saw 11 cases with the same DNA fingerprint in five states," said Jim Beebe, Colorado's chief microbiologist.

"By using information shared worldwide, we can identify outbreaks that once were only viewed as isolated events," Beebe said.

Once Colorado made the link and the source was identified, the USDA announced on June 3 that United had issued a 75,000- pound recall of ground beef processed at its plant on April 20. It later expanded the recall to 5 million pounds of ground beef.
 

China Grove Captain's Galley E. coli Outbreak - Real People - Real Illnesses

I received the following comments on my posts on the Captain's Galley E. coli outbreak:

Chris - June 8, 2007 06:35 AM

My daughter and her boyfriends family all ate there on the 27th. The 2 women in the group both ate the slaw, and both got sick. My daughter's boyfriends mother has been diagnosed with e coli, and my daughter is on her way to the Rowan health dept to get tested for it. Another note, we had to take her to NE Medical ER last Sunday night for the same symptoms and their diagnosis was possible gastoenteritis.

Susan - June 11, 2007 06:21 AM

My great aunt ate at Captains Galley on the 27th.She also ate the slaw. She has been in the hospital since June 2nd, and in ICU since June 2nd.She was diagnosed with e coli. On June the 7th they removed her entire colon. She is still in critical condition and remains in ICU.

Arizona Health Department ID's two cases of E. coli O157:H7 in county

The Arizona Department of Health Services has identified another case of E. coli 0157 in Yavapai County, raising the county total to two.

The Health Department previously identified three other cases in Maricopa County and one from Navajo County.

Four out of the six patients ate hamburger prior to the illness, although officials have not confirmed that the hamburger they ate is part of the United Foods recall.  The Arizona Department of Health Services is working closely with the CDC and the USDA to determine the exact source of the hamburger they ate.

Health officials are urging everyone to cook ground beef to 160 degrees F to kill E. coli and most other bacteria.
 

E. coli lawsuit filed against Minnesota meat supplier, grocer

A lawsuit will be filed today against PM Beef Holdings, LLC and Lund Food Holdings, Inc., the producer and retailer who sold E. coli-contaminated ground beef traced to an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 illnesses in Minnesota and Wisconsin residents in April, 2007.

The plaintiff in the lawsuit is Anne Herwig, a Minneapolis resident who became ill with an E. coli O157:H7 infection and was hospitalized after eating contaminated ground beef in April.  Ms. Herwig is represented by Marler Clark. Ms. Herwig is one of seven Minnesotans who were confirmed as part of the E. coli outbreak that prompted PM Beef Holdings to recall 117,500 pounds of beef trim products that was ground and sold at Lunds and Byerly’s stores.

 

North Carolina E. coli Outbreak traced to restaurant

Lab tests have confirmed four cases of E. coli so far, and another nine cases are considered probable and are awaiting lab tests.

Officials say many of the sick people ate at the Captain’s Galley Restaurant prior to becoming ill.

The North Carolina Division of Public Health is conducting an investigation into the outbreak along with Rowan and Cabbarus County health departments.
 

More on California Senate passage of food safety bills

Senators have approved a three-bill package by Sen. Dean Florez, giving state health regulators power to set standards for growing and processing leafy produce, including spinach and lettuce, and to set up an inspection program with state agricultural officials.

Growers also would have to set up a system that meets state standards to quickly track contaminated products and to conduct recalls.

The bills head next to the Assembly, where the fight could be just as tough, since Governor Schwarzenegger has not taken a position.
 

E. coli recall: 4 Arizonans part of outbreak

Four cases of E. coli infections have been identified by Arizona health officials as possibly linked to beef that a California meatpacking company recalled Monday.

The beef was processed by United Food Group LLC of Vernon, Ca. and shipped to retail distribution centers in Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon and Utah. It was sold at Albertsons, Save-A-Lot, Grocery Outlet, Fry's, Save-Mart, Smart and Final, Smith's, and Stater Bros. stores.

E. coli Outbreak: Ground Beef Recall Expanded

United Food Group, LLC, a Vernon, California, establishment, is voluntarily expanding its recall of ground beef products because they may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service announced today.

The expanded recall totals approximately 370,000 pounds.

The ground beef products in the expanded recall were produced on April 13, while the products subject to the original recall were produced on April 20. The ground beef products were shipped to retail distribution centers in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.
 

California Senate advances reforms to ensure produce safety

The California State Senate became the first legislative body in the nation to recognize the unique risk posed by leafy greens when it approved Senate bills that enact food safety reforms.

Senate Bill 200 gives the Department of Health Services the authority to recall or destroy produce which may pose a threat to the public. The measure also creates an inspection program to proactively address the threat of outbreaks. DHS inspectors would have the authority to conduct periodic on-farm inspections, including testing of water, soil and produce.

Senate Bill 201 mandates Good Agricultural Practices for leafy green growers, covering everything from water and fertilizer use, to worker hygiene, to the creation of buffer zones between fields and potential contamination sources. Growers would be required to maintain extensive documentation of these practices. These documents would be reviewed by DHS to ensure compliance.

SB 202 calls for the creation of a traceback system that can quickly trace contaminated produce through the various stages of the distribution process, from farm to processor, to distributor, to retailer. In the most recent E. coli outbreaks, lettuce and spinach producers nationwide took a major economic hit, because it could not immediately be determined where the infected produce came from and every farm was suspect. The ability to quickly find the specific source in an outbreak, combined with DHS’ ability to destroy suspect produce, will prevent a similar industry-wide hit in future E. coli outbreaks.
 

E. coli Attorney: Recent outbreaks traced to meat products

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have announced that the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 infection traced to ground beef products had significantly declined. CDC attributed the decline to the implementation of a new set of recommendations from the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service in 2002 and the beef industry's subsequent enhancement of food safety systems, including testing and control measures.

It is true that since 2002, there has been a general decline in the number of E. coli cases traced to red meat, and an increase in the number of E. coli cases traced to fresh produce, namely bagged lettuce and spinach. But in the last weeks E. coli outbreaks traced to beef products have underscored the importance of continued efforts to protect the public from E. coli in meat.

Washington dairy at center of 2005 E. coli outbreak to begin selling raw goats milk

Dee Creek Farms, the Washington dairy that was the source of an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak among Washington and Oregon residents in 2005, has recently obtained a license to sell raw goats milk.

After the farm underwent renovations and constructed a milking area, the Washington Department of Agriculture granted Dee Creek Farms a license to bottle and sell the milk, but the license stipulates that the milk must be labeled as "raw" or "unpasteurized."

Dee Creek owners Anita and Michael Puckett are appealing the $8,000 state fine for health and safety violations uncovered while officials were investigating the outbreak and its cause. The administrative hearing is scheduled for June 12-13 in Vancouver.
 

Fresno E. coli outbreak update #3

The number of confirmed cases linked to an E. coli outbreak in the Fresno area has increased by three to 11, according to an article in the Fresno Bee.

Samples are still being tested and additional positive results may be confirmed in the coming days, said Tim Casagrande, director of Fresno County's environmental health services department.

Health officials are focusing on determining which food item served at three separate parties could have been the source.  Early reports indicated that beef tri-tips from the Meat Market was served at all three events.
 

Fresno E. coli outbreak update #2

Health officials have identified two additional people who tested positive for E. coli and may be part of the recent outbreak traced to private gatherings held in the Fresno area.

Investigators are tracking down everyone who attended three private parties where tainted food might have been served.

Officials need to know what the people ate for breakfast, lunch and dinner for the past week, said David Luchini, division manager of communicable diseases for the Fresno County Community Health Department. He did not have an estimate on how long the interviews would take.

E. coli O157:H7 can cause a complication known as hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS.  HUS occurs in 5-10 percent of E. coli patients, and can cause damage to the kidneys, brain, pancreas, and central nervous system.
 

Fresno E. coli outbreak update

KFSN-TV reported that health officials are investigating 20 reported E. coli cases - 16 from the same source - in an outbreak that apparently began after two graduation parties on May 19.

Food from the same Fresno market was served at both graduation parties.

A number of food sources are under scrutiny, but the parties were catered by the same company, said Tim Casagrande, the county's director of environmental health.

Health workers are talking to people in attendance at two other parties held on the same day to determine if more people have become ill.
 

More tips for grilling, picnics

Summer grilling season brings more awareness of E. coli contamination in ground beef and the need to properly cook hamburgers. But other foods must also be properly prepared, stored, and served to prevent foodborne illness, according to the Contra Costa Times.

Realistically, unless you have thermometers in all of your food, it will be difficult to gauge when your food is in the temperature danger zone. Therefore, the FDA recommends leaving perishable food out no longer than two hours, and for no more than one hour in temperatures above 90 degrees.

The best way to keep salads and other cold foods at the right temperature on picnics is to pack them on plenty of ice, and even put serving bowls in a pan or platter of ice.
 

This Memorial Day, Grill Safely to Prevent E. coli

With Memorial Day being the official start of grilling season, the International Food Safety Network highlights the importance of cooking foods to an internal temperature hot enough to kill pathogens like E. coli and salmonella.

Dangerous microorganisms like E. coli and salmonella cannot be sensed by sight, and will happily contaminate good cuts of meat as well as bad ones.

E. coli outbreak in New York

An E. coli outbreak may be ongoing in Montgomery and Fulton Counties in New York.

The State Health Department has confirmed that three children have tested positive for E. coli, and one has been hospitalized. Two of the children attend the same daycare, but officials are not releasing the name of that facility yet, according to WTEN TV.

It is not known how the third child became ill, but health officials say they are performing tests on some of the children attending the daycare program.

During summer months, exposure at pools and water parks has been linked to outbreaks of E. coli, Cryptosporidium, and other bacteria, parasites, and viruses.  Recently, several children became ill with E. coli infections after attending a back yard water slide party near Bakersfield, California.  In 2004, thousands of people became ill with Cryptosporidiosis after exposure to Cryptosporidium at the Seneca Lake Spraypark near Geneva, New York, and in 1998 dozens of children became ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections, including seven children who were hospitalized and one child who died, after playing in a kiddie pool at the White Water waterpark near Atlanta, Georgia.
 

Spinach - a "risky" food

A salad could be one of the riskiest foods on American tables right now, according to New York Times Op/Ed columnist Paul Krugman.

As he puts it,

These are anxious days at the lunch table. For all you know, there may be E. coli on your spinach, salmonella in your peanut butter and melamine in your pet’s food and, because it was in the feed, in your chicken sandwich.

Marler Clark clients Michael and Elizabeth Armstrong and their two daughters, Isabella and Ashley, experienced the repercussions of eating what has been deemed a "risky" food in September, when the daughters became ill from E. coli-contaminated spinach. Ashley nearly died from a complication of E. coli infection known as hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Although Ashley is home now and doing well, she remained on dialysis until December. She must take six medicines daily and has only about 25 percent kidney function. Eventually, she will need a kidney transplant, doctors say.
 

Victims of E. coli outbreaks look for answers, solutions

Marler Clark client Teresa Kaiser was recently interviewed by CNN regarding her E. coli infection.

Teresa became ill with an E. coli infection and suffered kidney failure after eating E. coli-contaminated lettuce at a Taco John's restaurant in Minnesota last November.  Although her kidney function is up to around 44 percent, Teresa now has high blood pressure.

She is looking for answers as to how the lettuce she consumed at Taco John's became contaminated, and health officials' investigation into the outbreak has been hampered since other recent outbreaks have demanded attention that would normally have been afforded to tracing back the Taco John's E. coli outbreak to its source.
 

Florida E. coli settlements

A settlement has been announced involving lawsuits filed against the Florida Strawberry Festival.

Health officials traced the 2005 E. coli outbreak to a petting zoo owned by Plant City-based Ag-Venture Farms, which had brought more than a dozen goats, sheep, cows and chickens to the Florida Strawberry Festival, the Florida State Fair in Tampa and the Central Florida Fair in Orlando.

About 50 people from six counties were sickened at the three events, and 15 filed lawsuits against the petting zoo, according to the Tampa Tribune. Those claims were resolved last year when the 15 victims shared a $1 million settlement from an insurance company representing the petting zoo.

Other suits are pending against the state fair and Central Florida Fair.
 

Food safety video

CNN is featuring a video on food safety on their Web site.  The video, which can be accessed here, focuses on how spinach fields can become contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. 

New York Times focuses on E. coli, food safety

Marler Clark client Elizabeth Armstrong testified in front of the US House Energy & Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations in regards to food safety.

Her 2-year-old daughter, Ashley, one of more than 200 people affected by the outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 in spinach last year, is still dealing with the effects of kidney failure. Today she is off dialysis and home from the hospital. But she is on daily medication and will eventually need a kidney transplant, said her mother, who lives with her family in a suburb of Indianapolis.

Armstrong suggested efforts to overhaul the US Food and Drug Administration. Her report included comments from important players in the food industry, including a quote from former FDA commissioner Dr. David Kessler, who stated, "Our food safety system is broken."
 

Food Safety Advocate: Barbara Kowalcyk

Barbara Kowalcyk and her husband, Michael, were propelled into food safety advocacy in 2001, when their two-year-old son, Kevin, died after suffering an E. coli O157:H7 infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Barbara served on the Board of Directors for S.T.O.P. (Safe Tables Our Priority) for several years, and recently formed the Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention (CFI).

The Kowalcyks had limited knowledge of foodborne illness before their son got sick. The family lived in Wisconsin at the time. They now live in Loveland, Ohio, near Cincinnati.

"Our public health department didn't have the resources or, frankly, the desire to spend a lot of time investigating our case because it wasn't part of an outbreak," Kowalcyk said. "They did very little to help us. We only found out what we did because we contacted an attorney and he worked on our case.
 

Source of Bakersfield E. coli outbreak found

The Kern County Health Department issued a press release today stating that the investigation into an E. coli outbreak among several Bakersfield, California-area resident had been traced.

Early speculation about the source of the outbreak indicated that health officials were investigating potential exposure to the E. coli bacterium at a restaurant; however, the press release shows that health officials have pinpointed the exposure as happening at a water slide event.

One child is still hospitalized in fair condition, according to an article from the Bakersfield Californian.
 

E. coli victim's story told in local paper

The family of Ashley and Isabella Armstrong, 2 girls affected by E. coli infection from contaminated spinach, told the Herald Journal that one thing they would like to see come out of their ordeal and those of anyone affected by foodborne illness from contaminated food is more stringent government regulations on food safety.

Although Isabella recovered quickly from the infection, her sister Ashley suffered from hemolytic uremic syndrome and kidney failure. As a result, she had to endure blood transfusions and dialysis.

In response to the spate of recalls over the past year - from spinach to peanut butter to pet food - the House Committee on Energy and Commerce last month addressed food safety at its Oversight and Investigations subcommittee hearing.
 

Bakersfield-area E. coli outbreak investigation continues

California health officials continue their investigation into an E. coli outbreak that has sickened at least a dozen people in the Bakersfield, California, area.

A common thread is a restaurant in Bakersfield, but the Kern County Health Department will not reveal its location. Health officials continued to say there is no immediate threat to the public and that is why the health department will not officially name the pizzeria.

Two of the hospitalized children have been released, and two developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome -- a condition marked by kidney failure and seen in serious foodborne illnesses -- and were transferred to hospitals outside Kern County.
 

E. coli infosheet from Food Safety Network

This week's food safety infosheet from the International Food Safety Network focuses on E. coli outbreaks in California and Minnesota.  Both outbreaks were traced to ground beef, and both are still being investigated by health officials. 
Minnesota E. coli Outbreak

California kindergarteners sick with possible E. coli

The Bakersfield Californian reported today that at least four children have become ill with symptoms of E. coli infection, and have been hospitalized - two with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).  Health officials are continuing their investigation into the apparent outbreak, and are assessing potential common exposures the children may have had.  According to the article, "At this point, all that's known is that the four children, who know one another from school or play dates, suffered bloody diarrhea after attending several parties and playing at a local park."

KGET reported
that seven children had been counted as being part of the potential outbreak:
[S]ix kindergardners are sick, some of them hospitalized with the sometimes fatal disease.

An eighth student is a 10-year-old relative of of one of the kindergarders.
HUS develops when the toxin from E. coli bacteria, known as Shiga-like toxin (SLT) [1,2], enters the circulation by binding to special receptors. These Shiga-toxin receptors, known as Gb3 receptors [1], are probably heterogeneously distributed in the major body organs allowing disparate thrombotic (blood clotting) impacts in different HUS victims, although the greatest receptor concentration appears to be in the kidneys, especially in children. As the inflammatory reaction process accelerates, red blood cells are destroyed and cellular debris aggregates within the microvasculature while the body’s inherent clot breaking mechanisms are disrupted. The result is formation of microthrombi within particularly susceptible organs such as the kidneys and brain. Because there exists no way to halt the progression of HUS, doctors are left to support the HUS victim while the acute process runs its course.

E. coli video Some organs appear more susceptible than others to the damage caused by these toxins, possibly due to the presence of increased numbers of toxin-receptors. These organs include the kidney, pancreas, and brain.  An animated video of how E. coli attaches to the intestinal wall and releases shiga-toxins, causing infection, is available at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Web site.


[1]  Recent research suggests that E. coli O157:H7 acquired its pathological character when a bacteriophage (virus that infects bacteria) transmitted genetic material for the creation of the toxin from a closely related Shigella bacterial species (hence the epithet, Shiga-like toxin) to a formerly benign species of E. coli.

[2]  Verotoxin-globotriaosyl ceramide binding receptors.

Snack Shacks quit serving burgers

After an E. coli outbreak that sickened at least three children, St. Helena Little League will no longer serve hamburgers at concession stands during games.

The Napa Valley Register reported that Jim Gamble, president of St. Helena Little League, said the organization's snack shacks now serve only pre-packaged and pre-cooked food. "The resolution was passed in early April. ... (The children's infection) was an isolated incident and we received contaminated beef. Unfortunately, these children got sick from it. We're all very grateful they've fully recovered. It was scary."

Gamble said the three confirmed reports of E. coli were in children between the ages of 8 and 12.
 

Maine beef producer recalls meat for potential E. coli contamination

The Maine Department of Agriculture announced that Bubier Meats is recalling meat products for potential E. coli O157:H7 contamination. Products subject to the recall are:

  • 2 whole sides of beef carcasses-736 lbs stamped “Est. 4”
  • 45 plastic cryovac bags @ 10 lbs-450 lbs of beef labeled Bubier Meats “Hamburg”
  • 30 plastic cryovac bags @ 10 lbs-300 lbs of ground beef labeled “Caldwell Farms Beef All Natural Beef”
  • * 450 lbs of beef primal cuts labeled “Caldwell Farms Beef All Natural Beef”

Plant officials said the recall was related not to E. coli contamination, but to paperwork issues.  However, the Knox County Times reports that Hal Prince, director of the Department of Agriculture's division of Quality Assurance and Regulation, said that while paperwork is one concern, an inspector found contamination.

“In doing a preprocessing inspection, the inspector found fecal contamination on equipment,” said Prince.”Half of the suspect product was still in the freezer, but half had been shipped already so we sought the recall as a matter of safety.”
 

Are E. coli vaccines the answer?

A vaccine is being produced by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that is designed to prevent E. coli infection in humans, according to the New York Times. A vaccine is also being produced by Bionishe, a Canadian company, that is designed to reduce the number of E. coli bacteria shed in cattle feces.

Although vaccines produced by NIH and Bioniche may prove effective in their purposes, it may prove to be cost-prohibitive for the general public and the meat industry to adopt widespread use of either vaccine.  Beyond that, experts in the food safety field are skeptical about whether vaccines are the most effective solution to the problem of E. coli contamination.  And bacteriophages, which are an alternative to vaccines, are not touted as the answer by food safety experts, either.

Researchers at Washington State University and the University of Idaho have combined their efforts to develop a fresh produce wash - termed FIT - that is more effective in killing E. coli and other pathogenic contamination on fresh fruits and vegetables.

Currently most produce is washed in a chlorine source, either from bleach or from chlorine dioxide. However, these chemical compounds quickly deactivate and become ineffective in very dirty water, such as a potato or spinach flume. FIT's commercial produce wash helps overcome that problem when washing fresh cut and other processed produce. The ingredients in FIT, specifically its natural surfactants, act as "wetting agents" which are designed to lift off and kill the pathogens even in very dirty water. FIT is able to get into "nooks and crannies" that other washing systems may not and continues to keep killing bacteria via its patented surfactant technology.
 

After E. coli outbreak, Hoss's switches meat producers

Hoss's, a restaurant chain that operates restaurants in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, has changed meat suppliers after an E. coli outbreak was traced to one of its restaurants, according to an article posted at Lancaster Farming. Health officials are still investigating the outbreak, but believe it was caused by consumption of mechanically tenderized steaks purchased at Hoss's restaurant.

Five people ate E. coli tainted steaks at four Hoss’s locations in Centre, Dauphin, Venango, and York counties between March 24 and 29. Each person was infected with a potentially deadly strain of E. coli, the same strain that killed three people and hospitalized hundreds last summer as a result of consuming E. coli-tainted spinach.

The department states each person ate a different cut of steak, but the fact they got it at Hoss’s is the only common link. Four of the five people were hospitalized with symptoms of E. coli, which include severe bloody diarrhea.

Hoss’s stated it would be eliminating three practices it has used to tenderize and flavor its steaks before they arrive at a restaurant: blade tenderization, vacuum marination and marinade injection.
 

Lawsuits over E. coli spinach deaths settled

The families of three octogenarian women whose deaths were linked to last year's E. coli outbreak from tainted spinach have settled wrongful death lawsuits against companies that brought the produce to market, according to Scientific American.

Terms of the settlements between the families and the three companies that grew, handled and sold the tainted California spinach are confidential, said lawyer William Marler, whose Seattle-based law firm represented the families.

"We have nearly 90 other cases that are still pending against the three companies," Marler added, referring to Mission Organics, Natural Selection Foods and Dole Food Co.

Natural Selection Foods spokeswoman Samantha Cabaluna said: "We are hopeful that these settlements bring some closure.  Everyone at Natural Selection Foods remains deeply saddened by the human toll of the outbreak," Cabaluna said. "As we said we would do from the beginning we tried to work as honestly, fairly and expeditiously as possible to resolve the cases."
 

House committee addresses E. coli, Salmonella outbreaks

The House Committee on Energy and Commerce today addressed food safety at its Oversight and Investigations subcommittee today on Capitol Hill. Three families whose members suffered food poisoning after eating contaminated food sent representatives to testify in front of the committee, as did companies whose products were responsible for large foodborne illness outbreaks.

The Associated Press reports that Andrew Bridges quoted testimony from Marler Clark client Michael Armstrong, an Indiana resident whose two daughters became ill after eating E. coli-contaminated spinach last fall.

Gary Pruden, joined by his 11-year-old son, Sean, who was seriously sickened in November by E. coli after eating at a Taco Bell restaurant. Pruden said a key element of trade and commerce is trust - whether placed in accountants, airline pilots or auto mechanics.

"That is also extended to the trust in the food we order or buy from the grocery store - that it's edible and safe. Without that trust, commerce cannot work. And where failure occurs, oversight is required," Pruden told the subcommittee.

Terri Marshall, another Marler Clark client whose mother-in-law became ill with a Salmonella infection after eating Peter Pan peanut butter in January and has not yet recovered, also testified. Mora Lou Marshall has been hospitalized or in a nursing home since early January, after she became seriously ill from eating Peter Pan. The elder Marshall, 85, had kept a jar of the peanut butter on her nightstand to supplement her diet - and had unwittingly continued to eat it, even after she fell ill.

Bill Marler was also in attendance at the hearing, and while he did not provide oral testimony, he did provide written testimony for the food safety hearing.
 

Meat Company Blames E. Coli on Supplier

AP reported that the company that distributed hamburger patties believed to have sickened at least three children with E. coli bacteria is blaming the contamination on the slaughterhouse that processed the meat.

Steve Wood, vice president for Merced-based Richwood Meat Co. Inc., said he does not know which slaughterhouse provided the meat.  Richwood receives raw, boneless meat from suppliers and turns it into hamburger patties and other products. 

The recalled products are hamburger patties and ground beef sold under the brands Fireriver, Chef's Pride, Ritz Food, Blackwood Farms, California Pacific Associates, C&C Distributing, Golbon and Richwood.
 

17,252 confirmed cases of food poisoning in 2006 in US

The CDC today released its preliminary 2006 food-borne illness data from California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, and Tennessee. A total of 17,252 confirmed cases of food-borne illness were reported in those states in 2006, according to the CDC.

The most commonly reported illnesses were:

  • Salmonella: 6,655 cases
  • Campylobacter: 5,712 cases
  • Shigella: 2,736 cases
  • Cryptosporidium: 859 cases
  • E. coli O157: 590 cases
  • E. coli non-O157: 209 cases
  • Yersinia: 158 cases
  • Vibrio: 154 cases
  • Listeria: 138 cases
  • Cyclospora: 41 cases
     

Because many victims do not go to the hospital for treatment, actual cases may be anywhere between 20 and 30 times the confirmed cases.

E. coli legislation moves forward in California

Yesterday, the California Senate Health Committee passed three bills introduced by Senator Dean Florez.  Before they reached the Senate Health Committee, the bills could be summarized as follows:Spinach Harvest
  • Senate Bill 200 gives the Department of Health Services the much-needed authority to recall, quarantine, or destroy produce which may pose a threat to the public. The measure also creates an inspection program to proactively address the threat of outbreaks. DHS inspectors would have the authority to conduct periodic on-farm inspections, including testing of water, soil and produce.
  • Senate Bill 201 mandates Good Agricultural Practices for leafy green growers, covering everything from water and fertilizer use, to worker hygiene, to the creation of buffer zones between fields and potential contamination sources. Growers would be required to maintain extensive documentation of these practices. These documents would be reviewed by DHS to ensure compliance.
  • Senate Bill 202 calls for the creation of a traceback system that can quickly trace contaminated produce through the various stages of the distribution process, from farm to processor, to distributor, to retailer. In the most recent E. coli outbreaks, lettuce and spinach producers nationwide took a major economic hit, because it could not immediately be determined where the contaminated produce came from and every farm was suspect. The ability to quickly find the specific source in an outbreak, combined with DHS’ ability to quarantine or destroy suspect produce, will prevent a similar industry-wide hit in future E. coli outbreaks.
According to an article in today's Salinas Californian, the bills passed out of the Senate Health Committee into the Senate Appropriations Committee, but were amended to instruct public health officials to set safety standards for growers of leafy green vegetables to follow.  The Californian's Jake Henshaw wrote:
Florez originally proposed that the state health department license growers, set field standards and enforce them with inspections.

But SB 201 was amended in the Senate Agriculture Committee, chaired by [Senator Abel] Maldonado, to make state health department regulation a backup to the industry if it failed to adopt its own mandatory safety standards.

SB 200 does require the departments of Public Health and of Food and Agriculture to administer jointly an inspection program of farmers' records and field operations to be sure they are meeting approved standards.

E. coli and Salmonella making a comeback in U.S., CDC says

E. coli and salmonella infections are on the rise in the United States, but other foodborne illnesses appear to have leveled off, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have reported.

But after falling sharply in 2003 and 2004 when the meat industry pulled together to make ground beef safer, rates of E. coli O157:H7 infections have rebounded, and many appear to be related to outbreaks in fresh produce, according to Reuters.

"As recent outbreaks have shown, too many people in the United States are getting sick each year from foodborne illnesses," CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding told reporters in a telephone briefing. "For instance, the outbreaks involving tomatoes, lettuce and spinach underscore the need to more effectively prevent contamination of produce.”
 

E. coli Infection In Orange County Claims 15th Victim

According to KNBC News, a 15th person has tested positive for an E. coli infection after eating at a Foothill Ranch restaurant in Lake Forest on one of three days last month.

The newest victim, who was not hospitalized, was described as a young adult. The total number now stands at 14 customers and one employee.  The restaurant remains closed while employee testing continues, health officials said.

New case identified in E coli outbreak - Total now 14

The largest E. coli outbreak in Orange County history grew this week to 14 victims, all linked to the same restaurant, according to the OC Register.

Ten children and four adults, including a restaurant employee, were infected with the same O157:H7 strain of E. coli after dining at the restaurant between March 23 and March 25. 

The latest victim identified Tuesday is in their 30s and was not hospitalized, officials said. A 12-year-old girl remained hospitalized Tuesday at Children's Hospital of Orange County. She suffered kidney damage and is now reported in good condition. 

The last large E. coli outbreak in Orange County was linked to salads served at Pat and Oscar’s restaurants in 2003. In that incident, 12 people became sick.
 

Orange County Health Department Update on E. coli

A girl hospitalized with an E. coli infection after eating at a restaurant was expected to be transferred out of intensive care by the weekend, a hospital spokeswoman said Friday.

The 12-year-old girl was one of 10 people sickened by the bacteria after eating at the Foothill Ranch restaurant in the city of Lake Forest. The source of the contamination has not been identified, the Orange County Health Agency said in a statement. 

The girl could be transferred to a general care ward of Children's Hospital of Orange County as early as Friday evening.
 

12 year old Girl with E. coli still hospitalized

A 12-year-old girl remained in intensive care Wednesday after being infected with the E. coli bacteria at a Lake Forest restaurant, hospital and health officials said.

After being diagnosed with the most serious complication of E. coli Wednesday afternoon, the girl was transferred from Children's Hospital of Orange County at Mission Hospital in Mission Viejo to the CHOC facility in Orange.

The girl, whose name has not been released because of privacy issues, was admitted to the hospital Friday. Two others hospitalized after dining at the Foothill Ranch Restaurant have been released. One person over age 70 was discharged Tuesday or Wednesday. An 8-year-old boy was discharged Tuesday.  Health officials said they were still trying to determine the source of the bacteria that caused seven diners to become ill.

Denise Almazan, a CHOC spokeswoman, said the 12-year-old girl, a dancer, was in excellent health before she became ill.  Almazan said the girl was diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome, which occurs in less than 10% of those infected with E. coli, usually those younger than 5 or the elderly. People with HUS may develop kidney failure and anemia, and 3% to 5% die.
 

E. coli linked to SoCal restaurant

An E. coli outbreak in Orange County has been traced to a restaurant, health officials said Monday.

The seven people who tested positive for the dangerous bacterium dined at the same restaurant in Lake Forest, six of them on March 23 or March 24, said Howard Sutter, spokesman for the county's Health Care Agency. The seventh could not confirm an exact date.  Authorities have yet to determine the source.

The restaurant was allowed to remain open after health inspectors concluded its food and conditions were safe, Sutter said.  The seven cases were reported to county authorities in recent days. Three of those sickened were hospitalized, although their symptoms were not considered life threatening.
 

Spinach harvest underway: Health officials worry about E. coli

As California spinach producers began harvesting their crops this week, legislators, consumers, and health officials discussed the possibility of another E. coli outbreak while spinach farmers and processors tried to assure the public that they were doing all they could to prevent another outbreak.

According to the Salinas Californian, the industry-designed, government-supervised plan will require all handlers who voluntarily sign up to accept spinach, lettuce and other leafy greens only from growers who follow new growing standards.

Participating handlers will begin paying 2 cents per carton to pay for inspections and other activities under the new plan. Government inspectors, paid by the assessments to ensure that farmers follow the designated growing practices, will start making rounds Monday — primarily to test the checklist they’ll use in future inspections.

"We may have traced the outbreak to a certain area, and we may have identified the genetic marker," said Patti Roberts of the Department of Health Services, referring to four ranches in Monterey and San Benito counties. "But there are still a lot of unknowns out there."
 

E. coli in produce: Is irradiation the answer?

Dateline NBC reported on fresh food contamination, with emphasis on fresh spinach and lettuce grown in California, and whether irradiation is the answer to ensuring our fresh produce is safe.

"We can say all day long that we have the safest food system in the world," says Seattle attorney Bill Marler, who specializes in cases involving victims of E. coli-contaminated produce. "Well, we don't. And we have systems that are broken. We have things that need to be fixed."

Marler represents Michelle Matthews, who is suing Dole Foods and Natural Selections/Earthbound Foods to cover her past and future medical bills and her pain and suffering. He says the industry has known about and ignored the problem for years.

"It's easy in these situations to go, 'I'm not sure exactly what caused the problem, so there's nothing I can do. But I'm making a lot of money selling spinach and lettuce in a bag, so I'm going to keep doing that.' They didn't take the time to figure out what the problem was," says Marler.
 

E. coli lawyer profiled in The Oregonian

The Oregonian recently profiled Bill Marler, a lawyer from Seattle who began representing victims of E. coli and other foodborne illness outbreaks in 1993 during the Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak. Since 1993, Marler has represented thousands of victims of foodborne illnesses, including salmonella, hepatitis A, and shigella.

Marler has emerged as the country's preeminent plaintiff's lawyer in food-borne-illness cases. His firm has won nearly $300 million in settlements from restaurants and suppliers, and the financial drain -- coupled with Marler's constant calls for reform -- has leveled pressure on industry and government to better police food.

"Put me out of business," Marler repeats as his rallying cry.

But business has never been more brisk. Government regulators play a limited role in addressing rising consumer claims of harm from what they have eaten. As a result, lawyers on both sides of such food fights have found a lucrative line of business working out differences between consumers and corporations over U.S. food safety.

Even before ConAgra Foods Inc. began recalling salmonella-tainted peanut butter last month, resulting in 4,500 potential victims contacting Marler's office, he and his staff were inundated. Among their current caseload are reports of deaths and illnesses tied to E. coli in spinach, E. coli contamination at two taco chains and a hepatitis A outbreak at an Illinois restaurant.
 

Johnny Depp's Daughter Was Lucky to Survive a Battle with Deadly E. coli

Lily-Rose, the daughter of Johnny Depp and his longtime partner Vanessa Paradis, is said to survive a battle with the deadly E. coli bacteria.

The seven-year-old girl was hospitalized in London earlier this month suffering a mystery illness. It was reported at that time that she had contracted blood poisoning after stepping on a rusty nail. Despite all the persistent rumor, a member of the production crew on Depp's new movie "Sweeney Todd" claims Lily had the deadly E. coli bacteria, which caused her kidneys to shut down.

"Everyone gasped when we were given the real reason for Lily-Rose's illness. It was touch and go for a while," British newspaper The Sun quoted a source as saying.

"Sweeney Todd," a musical, drama, thriller flick directed by Tim Burton, has to halt its production because Depp wanted to be by his daughter's side until she got the all-clear.
 

E. coli in spinach: final report issued

The California Department of Health Services and the FDA have released their final report on the spinach E. coli outbreak.

Authorities for the first time said they had isolated the deadly E. coli strain on Paicines Ranch in San Benito County from a field the ranch leased to Mission Organics, a spinach grower.

They found E. coli "indistinguishable from the outbreak strain" in river water, cattle feces, and wild pig feces on the ranch within a mile a from the spinach fields, the California Department of Health Services and U.S. Food and Drug Administration said in a joint report.

Investigators also said they could not make a "definitive determination" as to how the E. coli contaminated the spinach.

The Paicines Ranch, which breeds Angus cattle and quarter horses, said in a statement on its Web site that it leases land to crop growers and was not under investigation in the outbreak.
 

E. coli outbreak: spinach farmers to benefit from Iraq War bill

The addition of $25 million of funding for spinach farmers who lost revenue during last year's spinach recall is affecting those victims of the E.coli outbreak.

The losses to the farmers came when they were unable to sell their crops last fall after Americans got sick and died from e-coli bacteria in a batch of tainted spinach.

Some of that spinach found its way to the Matthew's dinner table. Michelle got sick, but her daughter, Arabella, almost died. Arabella was just two-years-old when she came down with E. coli. She spent nine days at Primary Children's Hospital, had an operation and was on kidney dialysis from hemolytic uremic syndrome.

The Matthews have about $60,000 in medical bills now, mostly covered by insurance. She says the family has been assured the spinach grower's insurance company would pay the bills, but no money has arrived. Then Mrs. Matthews read that the spinach farmers stand to gain $25 million from the Iraq war spending bill.

"I understand this is the way our legislature works, but I think it's just sickening," Michelle Matthews of Eagle Mountain told ABC 4 News.

In an article for USA Today, Marler Clark client Darryl Howard whose mother, Betty, died after becoming ill with an E. coli infection, said, "They killed my mother, and now they want me to pay for it." Marler Clark is also representing Michelle Matthews.
 

Son of Woman Killed by E. coli Testifies: Legislature must go farther than industry-led marketing agreement

Darryl Howard, the son of Betty Howard, a Richland, Washington, resident who died after contracting E. coli O157:H7 last September after eating California-grown spinach, will testify before the California Senate Agriculture Committee in Oakland, advocating for legislation to ensure fresh produce safety.

Mr. Howard and his two brothers will attend the hearing in support of Senate Bills 200, 201 and 202, which are sponsored by Senator Dean Florez.

“The state needs some jurisdictional teeth not just over products, but over potential E. coli sources,” said Mr. Howard.  “After listening to testimony by John Dyer, CFDA’s chief counsel who helped write the agreement for the state, say, ‘Growers aren’t subject to this act, and to the agreement’ and ‘Marketing Orders and Agreements are not food safety-empowered programs,’ I knew this agreement did not go far enough and gives the public a false sense of security.”  The leafy greens marketing agreement goes into effect on April 1st, to which Mr. Howard said, “It’s appropriate because it’s April Fools Day.”

Howard will submit for the record the federal testimony of Dr. Kevin Reilly, Deputy Director, Prevention Services, California Department of Health Services.  Dr. Riley gave testimony on November 15, 2006 to the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.  In his testimony, he stated that, “The Salinas Valley appears to have systemic E. coli O157:H7 contamination in the environment that has led to a number of fresh produce associated outbreaks over time.”
 

A Secret Of The Fatal Food Poisoning Bug E. Coli O157 Is Revealed Is It Looking For Iron?

Microbiology researchers trying to uncover the secret of the success of the dangerous food poisoning bacterium E. coli O157 have discovered that it uses a unique iron-gathering trick that may help it to overcome our bodies' defenses.

Part of the normal way our bodies fight off bacteria and other disease threats is by withdrawing supplies of iron from our tissues iron, which is vital for the bacteria's growth and reproduction. Some very dangerous bacteria overcome this defense mechanism by specifically targeting supplies of iron in our bodies.

Scientists at the University of Reading have discovered that the dangerous O157 strain of the common E. coli bacterium possesses an iron transporter, which is mutated and non-functional in the closely related but harmless K-12 strain that lives in our gut.

"The presence of the active form of this transporter in E. coli O157 appears to give the bacterium a special advantage when operating in low-iron, acid conditions conditions that may reflect those experienced inside the human host", says Jieni Cao from the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Reading, who made the discovery. "This could allow the food poisoning strain of E. coli to grow and multiply quickly during infection".

The researchers hope that by identifying the unique way the bacteria operate they will have also discovered a new target for antibacterial treatments in the future. A key component of the iron transporting system is similar to iron-uptake systems in some fungi, such as Candida, which causes thrush.
 

Senator demands E. coli outbreak results

Senator Dean Florez has criticized the California Department of Health Services after the department refused to release its report on September's deadly E. coli outbreak.

That outbreak, which killed several people and sickened hundreds, was linked to a California spinach farm, but the Department of Health Services refused to acknowledge which farm is responsible, and what went wrong.

Florez thinks the department is keeping the report from the public because he believes they "dropped the ball" when it comes to protecting the public from food-borne illnesses.

"When you have this cloud of secrecy and you have this whole department unwilling to come and tell the public ultimately what went wrong, why it went wrong, and ultimately who is responsible, it is very difficult for the public, I believe, to think the government is actually working toward the food safety policy," said the senator.
 

Officials trace tainted spinach to San Benito County farm

Fresh spinach that sparked a nationwide E. coli outbreak last fall was grown on a roughly 50-acre plot in San Benito County, health officials told state lawmakers.

Officials said at a legislative hearing Tuesday that investigators identified the grower who was farming that plot, which was in the second year of a three-year transition to organic production.

However, they declined to release further details until they complete a full report on the outbreak. Dr. Kevin Reilly of the California Department of Health Services did not give an exact date for releasing the report with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but said "hopefully within the next few weeks."

Eleven suits filed over Taco Bell E. coli outbreak

Yum Brands Inc. said Wednesday that 11 lawsuits have been filed against the company and its Taco Bell Corp. subsidiary for an E. coli outbreak in November and December.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, the outbreak was associated with food at Taco Bell restaurants in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York and Delaware. The CDC said that 71 people fell ill because of the outbreak.

In its annual report to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Louisville-based Yum said the stores named in at least five of the lawsuits are not company-owned, and therefore, Yum believes it is not liable for any losses at those stores. Yum said it has provided for the estimated litigation costs.

The company has said that the E. coli outbreak cost it about $20 million in the fourth quarter because of lost sales and franchise and license fees, and increased marketing costs.

Irvine, Calif.-based Taco Bell operates in 14 countries and territories. As of the end of 2006, there were 5,608 Taco Bell stores in the United States and 238 international stores. About 23 percent of the U.S. units and 1 percent of the non-U.S. units are company-owned.

Bills hit a range of topics

Salinas-area lawmakers this year have focused their bills on everything from preventing future E. coli outbreaks to bolstering health care to keeping a lid on gang violence.

Senators Jeff Denham and Abel Maldonado, plus Assemblyman John Laird, all have bills on health care to cover children, allow tax-free savings for medical expenses and refund a tax credit for insurance expenses of small businesses.

"Child health is going to be big this year," Laird said.

Assemblywoman Anna Caballero has introduced several bills to help address E. coli outbreaks with more research and better water treatment.

Pa. mushroom farm cleared in E. coli scare

BJ's Wholesale Club Inc., the third-largest U.S. warehouse retailer, said a batch of mushrooms it recalled this week wasn't contaminated with E. coli.

The news clears the name of Kaolin Farms in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, the source of the mushrooms.

John Pia, co-owner of Kaolin Mushroom Farms, told The News-Journal on Wednesday he was convinced that all his products were safe and the testing would prove it.

Action on mushroom recall spoke loudly, but words would have helped, too

BJ's Wholesale Club showed extreme caution when it learned that some of its store-brand mushrooms might be contaminated with E. coli.

Without waiting for either government order or confirmation of preliminary test results, BJ's quickly pulled the mushrooms from its shelves Monday, protecting customers from possible harm.

The company had not received any reports of illness.

E. coli bacteria migrating between humans, chimps in Ugandan park

Scientists from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana have found that people employed in chimpanzee-focused research and tourism in a park in western Uganda are exchanging gastrointestinal bacteria - specifically Escherichia coli - with local chimpanzee populations. And some of the E. coli strains migrating to chimps are resistant to antibiotics used by humans in Uganda.

Their study will appear in the April 2007 issue of Biological Conservation and is available now on the journalís Web site.

Other studies have found bacterial exchanges between humans and non-human primates - particularly in areas where the animals are known to frequent garbage piles near human settlements. But this is the first study to document the exchange of E. coli between humans and chimps in a protected wildlife area. It is also the first to find antibiotic-resistant strains in chimpanzees in Africa.

The research team, which included researchers from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, and McGill University in Montreal, examined two of 10 known communities of chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Uganda. One of the two chimp groups has been the focus of two decades of research by international teams of scientists. The other is regularly visited by employees of a local tourism venture.

BJ's Recalls Mushrooms For E. coli Risk

BJ's Wholesale Club has announced a mushroom recall.

The Massachusetts-based retailer said the voluntary recall covers pre-packaged Wellsley Farms brand fresh mushrooms purchased between Feb. 11 and Feb. 19.

The company said a routine inspection found the possible presence of trace amounts of E. coli from one lot code of sliced mushrooms.

Fair organizers to learn about risks of farm animal contact

CBC news reports that visitors to agricultural fairs face health risks that can be prevented if organizers take simple steps to ensure their safety, says a national non-profit organization. Exposure to E. coli bacteria, according to the Canadian Association of Fairs and Exhibitions, is the largest health risk facing visitors.

It said it is especially a concern when young children are involved because they might pet farm animals and then use their hands immediately afterwards to eat.  The association is scheduled to hold a workshop on Friday in Charlottetown to educate organizers on how to protect consumers at such events as rural fairs, urban exhibitions and petting zoos.

Moore said organizers will be told that it is essential to set up handwashing stations and post signs that remind people to keep their hands clean. 

The workshop in P.E.I., one of five across Canada, is being held at the Charlottetown Hotel. Similar education sessions will be held in the B.C. communities of Westbank, Abbotsford, Saanichton and Prince George.

An onion a day keeps E. coli away

In the wake of E. coli 0157:H7 outbreaks associated with spinach and other produce in 2006, Congress and California state legislators are looking for new strategies to assure the public that government is working hard to reduce future food-borne outbreaks.

Will the proposed legislation and additional oversight make a difference?

The answer is, unfortunately, probably not.

The well-intended legislation will probably fall short of anything meaningful, as its patrons fail to understand the basic evolutionary rules of the germ warfare raging in the American gut and the bigger challenges facing the populace in this biological arms race.

The produce industry need only look out to the fields beyond their office windows to see a better solution to what ails them and the public.

Copper Alloy Surfaces Can Eliminate E. coli

Scientists at the University of Southampton, U.K., have found that E. coli O157:H7, a harmful bacterium primarily associated with raw and undercooked ground beef or foods that come into contact with raw meat, cannot survive on certain copper alloy surfaces. The study, published in the June 2006 issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, compares the ability of copper alloys to eradicate E. coli with that of stainless steel, which is commonly used for food processing surfaces.

The results were significant. While stainless steel had no effect on the viability of the E. coli at room temperature, three copper casting alloys effectively eliminated it, and two others significantly reduced it. The bacteria sample tested on silicon bronze (95% copper) were significantly reduced in 45 minutes and completely eradicated in 75 minutes. Brass (85% copper) and red brass (93% copper) killed the bacteria in 3.0 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively. Significant reductions were noted after six hours on Ni- Al bronze (81% copper) and yellow brass (61% copper).

More measures needed to ensure food safety

CBS News correspondent Wyatt Andrews interviewed Marler Clark client Lisa Brott, who became ill with an E. coli infection after eating E. coli-contaminated spinach in September, former USDA and FDA food safety official Michael Taylor, and Senator Dick Durbin for a story that aired tonight on the CBS Evening News. Notable comments included the following:

  • "There's no one in charge in the federal food safety system."  - Michael Taylor
  • "The basic allocation has nothing to do with who's getting sick, and it's out of proportion to where the actual risks in the food supply." - Michael Taylor
  • "When you consider 75 million Americans with food-borne illnesses each year, I do believe a better, more modern, streamlined agency would reduce those numbers. And it means that more people would survive." - Senator Dick Durbin
  • "It's outrageous so many people are poisoned by food.  A lot more has to be done, whatever it takes, to protect people's health." - Lisa Brott

Preventing E. coli: Industry group asks for federal regulation

In the wake of E. coli outbreaks traced to spinach and lettuce last year, and in many years prior to 2006, the United Fresh Produce Association is asking for federal regulations to set standards for produce safety and the Government Accountability Office listed food safety as a high-risk area. In an article from the Philadelphia Inquirer, which focused on what small, local, farmers are doing to ensure produce safety, concerns about regional marketing agreements and state or local regulations were highlighted:

However, such state-by-state and commodity-by-commodity standards are not satisfactory, said Tom Stenzel, president of the United Fresh Produce Association in Washington. Stenzel's trade group is calling for national regulations enforced by government agencies.

"The consumer is not going to have full trust in a self-regulatory system. That's a hard pill for us as an industry to swallow," said Stenzel, who is scheduled to speak tomorrow at the New Jersey State Agricultural Convention in Atlantic City. It starts today and runs through Wednesday.

Existing federal regulations on food safety need to be improved, according to the federal Government Accountability Office, which added the federal food-safety system to its list of high-risk areas of government activity less than two weeks ago. The main issue is fragmentation, with 15 agencies administering at least 30 laws related to food safety.

Discussions among produce-industry groups and regulators are coming at a time when E. coli and other human pathogens are less prevalent - the colder months.  It is in anticipation of the summer and fall growing season that concerns are being addressed now.  From the Arizona Republic:

Lettuce and spinach production begins in the Salinas Valley in the spring. Production moves south as the weather cools, with farms in Yuma County and California's Imperial Valley producing the crops during the winter.

"In the history of Yuma agriculture, we have never had any sort of an outbreak with our leafy-greens," said Kurt Nolte, area agriculture agent for the Yuma County Cooperative Extension, part of the University of Arizona. "The nature of food outbreaks occurs during the warm periods of the year."

Second Taco E. coli Outbreak Traced to Central Valley

Investigators for the FDA and CDC have indicated that the E. coli-contaminated lettuce that sickened customers at Northeast Taco Bell restaurants in November and December of 2006 came from California's Central Valley. The Taco Bell outbreak was reported just before an outbreak at Taco John's locations in the Midwest, which was also traced to lettuce grown in the Central Valley.

In an article for the Salinas Californian, Brian Tumulty reported that FDA was continuing its investigation and that a final investigation report into the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak would not be published for at least another month, while a report on last fall's E. coli outbreak traced to baby spinach will be issued before then.

California legislators speak out on E. coli contamination in leafy greens

The Hollister Free Lance is reporting that California Congressman Sam Farr has introduced a bill in the US House of Representatives to assist spinach growers and processors in recovering from lost sales after last fall's E. coli outbreak.

On Wednesday, the California state Department of Food and Agriculture announced that it approved a food safety pact called the Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement. The marketing agreement would require handlers of fresh spinach and other leafy vegetables to voluntarily abide by safety guidelines designed to prevent food-borne illness. 

On February 1, Senator Florez introduced three bills into the California legislature that were designed to increase the safety of fresh produce.   Attorney Bill Marler, who represents nearly 100 victims of the spinach E. coli outbreak, will speak at the Steinbeck Center's Ag Forum Luncheon, to be held at the end of this month.

E. coli outbreak at Connecticut nursing home

The Connecticut Post Online reports that residents at an Astoria Park nursing home have become ill with E. coli infections. Astoria Park health officials are investigating the source of the outbreak, which has sickened at least ten residents.

City Health Director Maian Evans said "other people ate the food and didn't get sick," in regards to the infection coming from contaminated food.

Authorities will try to determine whether the illness was caused by sources such as produce from outside the nursing home or food-handling problems within the facility.

In 2003, residents of a San Mateo, California, retirement facility became ill with E. coli infections after eating E. coli-contaminated spinach during the Sequoias Portola Valley E. coli outbreak.  Two women died after suffering complications of their E. coli infections, and dozens of residents were sickened.
 

Taco Bell to Report 4th Quarter Earnings

Taco Bell will report earnings for the 4th quarter of 2006 on Monday, and financial analysts are questioning whether earnings will fall short of expectations following the E. coli outbreak traced to Taco Bell restaurants in the Northeast last December.

The OC Register reports that the time of the incident, the survey by Sandelman & Associates showed that eight out of 10 people had heard of the E. coli incident. The poll included roughly 400 people, Sandelman said.

Of those who were aware of the E. coli incident, 94 percent were able to tie the outbreak to Taco Bell. "There was no confusion," said Sandelman.
 

California growers approve plan to improve food safety

The LA Times and the San Jose Mercury News both report that the California Department of Food and Agriculture approved a farm industry plan to establish voluntary safety standards for leafy vegetables, such as lettuce and spinach.

The plan, which was approved by 70 percent of California’s leafy greens packagers and distributors, establishes a “seal of approval” for leafy greens that are grown and handled according to the new standards.

Under the plan, the agriculture department will appoint a panel of industry representatives that will have authority to enact safety rules. The state will provide inspectors to help ensure compliance, but the industry board will administer the program and make enforcement decisions.

As a first step, the program focuses on “handlers” -- companies that package or distribute vegetables. Those that choose to participate would agree to make sure that their growers comply with the new rules.

The Western Growers Association and other fresh produce trade groups stated that self-regulation was the fastest way to make changes in the industry; however, consumer groups have expressed concern over the industry’s ability to police itself. California Senator Dean Florez last week introduced legislation that would require the California Department of Health Services to develop and enforce food safety standards.
 

Marler Clark E. coli client interviewed for story on food safety

SCNow.com recently interviewed Erica Sturkie, a Marler Clark client who became ill with an E. coli infection after eating contaminated spinach during the 2006 E. coli outbreak. The outbreak was traced back to spinach grown in the Salinas Valley.

“I worked out five to six days a week. I ran everyday -- ate really healthy. I love spinach, so I decided I would just go on an all salad diet. Then I got sick,” Erica Sturkie said.

She spent more than two weeks in the hospital as a result. Doctors told her she had E. coli, but it was never confirmed as the culprit. Her lawyers said that was because the antibiotic she was given to treat it probably killed the bacteria before tests could be completed.
 

Tips for preventing E. coli infection

Phil Lempert, the Today Show's food editor, wrote a recent article that appeared on MSNBC.com. The article, "Protect your family from Salmonella and E. coli," gave some useful pointers for preventing E. coli infection:

As we have heard in the headlines recently, it is critical to understand that meat is not the only source of contamination with E. coli or other dangerous bacteria — any contaminated water source or contaminated person can spread these bacteria onto fruits, vegetables, or any kind of foods. Be sure to wash fresh fruit and vegetables thoroughly before eating. And if you like your meat and especially hamburgers, "rare", you are taking a significant risk.

Talking about meat… one of the reasons to make sure that all meat is thoroughly cooked is that as the meat is cut with a knife (or punctured with a fork) the utensil will carry the bacterial cells down into the cut or puncture. Bacteria are microscopic so even a tiny, pretty much invisible cut in the meat could introduce bacteria inside. It's always safest to cook all meat at least until the juices of the meat run absolutely clear — not pink.
 

Antibiotic treatment for E. coli not recommended

The CDC's Patricia Griffin recently commented on antibiotic treatment of E. coli infection in a September, 2006 Clinician Outbreach and Communication Activity conference call, during the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to spinach grown in California's Salinas Valley:

If you strongly suspect E. coli O157, there are some concerns about antibiotic treatment. Whenever a person has diarrhea, it’s important to hydrate them.

We know that there are fluid losses in diarrhea, and hydration is very important. And Dr. Tarr is going to talk more about the particular importance of hydration in E. coli O157 infections. Also in colitis, there are data indicating that giving Imodium or loperamide can increase the risk of complications, and we do not recommend that for E .coli O157.

In particular, there’s some retrospective data suggesting that the use of antidiarrheals could actually increase the risk of complications. With E. coli O157, there are some particular concerns about antibiotics, and those concerns come from looking back at people who have been treated with antibiotics. And some of these people have been more likely to develop hemolytic uremic syndrome.

There are many reasons why looking back at treatment can be a biased way of making decisions, but we’ve also looked at whether antibiotics have helped in the treatment of E. coli O157, and we haven’t found any good data that patients who were treated with antibiotics actually did better.
 

Michigan E. coli study: 2001 - 2005

The February issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention includes a report by the Michigan Department of Health. The report shows the findings from surveillance of shiga toxin-producing E. coli, including E. coli O157:H7, between 2001 and 2005.

A surveillance system used different detection methods to estimate prevalence of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli during 2003–2005 and 2001–2002. More non-O157 serotypes were detected by enzyme immunoassay than by evaluation of non–sorbitol-fermenting E. coli isolates. We therefore recommend use of enzyme immunoassay and culture-based methods.

Infection with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal disease, particularly among children and elderly persons.
 

E. coli lawyer to speak at Steinbeck Center in Salinas

Bill Marler is scheduled to speak at the National Steinbeck Center on February 28.

Mr. Marler will be the keynote speaker for an Ag Forum luncheon, and will concentrate his presentation on fresh produce contamination and litigation that follows outbreaks, such as the recent E. coli outbreak traced to fresh spinach.

E. coli can be carried by pets

The Food Safety Infosheet from the Food Safety Network focuses on pathogens that can be transmitted by pets.

Recently reported by the CDC was a study linking a household cat to E. coli in a two-year-old girl. The cat was not ill, but carried the bacteria.

Each spring, there are reports of children becoming infected with salmonella after handling baby chicks, ducklings, and turtles.

Contact with reptiles and amphibians account for an estimated 74,000 salmonella infections nationwide.
 

E. coli in lettuce: Why hasn't Arizona had an outbreak yet, and what can ranchers do to help?

National Public Radio's All Things Considered aired a story on lettuce production near Yuma, Arizona, the region where leafy greens are grown during the off-season in California's Salinas Valley.

America gets much of its winter lettuce from the fields of Yuma, Ariz. But unlike the country's other big lettuce region — California's Salinas Valley — Yuma's crops haven't been hit with E. coli contamination. Produce companies are learning new lessons about avoiding future outbreaks.

The Capital Press reports that California State Senator Dean Florez is preparing to introduce legislation designed to reduce E. coli contamination in California's fresh produce.  Now ranchers are working to help be part of the solution.  According to the Capital Press, Central Coast cattle ranchers are learning ways they can help in the fight against food-borne pathogens. At two "Cut the Crap for Ranchers" seminars this week, including one today in Guadalupe, Rob Atwill, a University of California Extension specialist in veterinary medicine, will tell ranchers how to prevent potential contamination of surface water with pathogens like E. coli.

"Cattle certainly can carry it, shed it, and spread it. Other things can carry it, shed it and spread it," Atwill said. "Are they (cattle) just light bulbs for us telling us that it has moved into the valley -- this E. coli -- and are they are also being taken over and invaded by these bacteria, or are they in fact the ones that keep it going from year to year?"

Cattle have been implicated as possible sources of the E. coli outbreak linked to fresh spinach from the Salinas Valley last September. Health investigators have made no definitive connection to livestock, but Atwill said ranchers can still act on their own to help by establishing buffers between livestock operations and crops.
 

Food safety legislation to be proposed in California tomorrow

The Bakersfield Californian reports that California State Senator Dean Florez will introduce controversial food safety legislation in the California legislature tomorrow. The legislation, which is being proposed in three separate bills, would:

  1. Allow the Department of Health Services to assess fees on all growers of leafy green vegetables.
  2. Require the Department of Health Services to set standards for members of the produce supply chain, such as growers, shippers, and processors, to minimize the danger of contamination with E. coli and other foodborne pathogens, and would outlaw the use of unprocessed manure as fertilizer on food crops.
  3. Require the food industry to implement a trace-back system so that individual packages of fresh produce can be traced back to the fields they were grown in.
     

"This will start a real conversation about the food safety rules that we have to have in California," said the senator.

Senator Florez will hold a press conference tomorrow, where Marler Clark clients Ken and Pauline Costello will add their remarks on the new legislation.  Pauline Costello's mother, Ruby Trautz, passed away after eating contaminated spinach in September.
 

Future E. coli outbreaks inevitable

With absolute certainty, another E. coli outbreak will explode, a visiting lecturer said Thursday.

John Besser, a clinical laboratory manager for the Minnesota Department of Health, was recently the guest lecturer a the University of Iowa. The MDH investigated an E. coli outbreak that had been traced to lettuce served at Taco John's restaurants in Austin and Albert Lea, Minnesota, as well as in Cedar Falls, Iowa.

Though a recent outbreak was traced back to spinach grown in California, E. coli is not limited to the leafy plant. It is becoming prominent in a number of substances, said Besser. Last fall, an E. coli outbreak ripped across the United States, killing three and causing 31 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, which shuts down the kidneys.

Since there has been an increase in E. coli outbreaks traced to leafy greens and other produce, experts are predicting future outbreaks. Consumer advocacy groups have stepped into the debate over what can better be done to protect the public from E. coli and other harmful pathogens.  The Consumer Reports blog posted the Consumers Union opinion about California produce growers' intent to publish marketing guidelines for crops:

Costco now requires suppliers to random test spinach at the processing plant, including for E. coli 0157:H7 and salmonella, another bacteria that can cause serious infections in some people. Within weeks, Costco expects similar testing for other bagged and ready-to-eat products, such as lettuce salads and baby carrots.

Shortly after the spinach outbreak, Natural Selection Foods, which processed the implicated spinach, started random testing of raw product for E. coli and salmonella. This month, it started testing finished product, too.

The United Fresh Produce Association has asked for federal oversight of the produce industry. Now, the FDA regulates processing plants but only gives growers guidelines.
 

California agriculture addresses E. coli concerns

USAToday reports that one of the more controversial proposals in the food safety debate would require that farmers plow under a buffer zone between fields and "undisturbed, open, non-farmed land with evidence of wildlife," as well as ponds, rivers, wetlands and creeks. But many point out that the overwhelming evidence is that cattle manure, not wild animals, is the primary source of E. coli O157:H7. A study out this month in The Journal of Food Protection found that 3.6% of beef cattle and 3.4% of dairy cattle carry the dangerous strain.

The most recent drafts of the proposal would require that buffer to be anywhere from 30 feet to a quarter-mile wide, says Linda Sheehan, executive director of the California Coastkeeper Alliance.

"There's no scientific support for believing that ripping out any plants alongside rivers is going to help," Sheehan says. In fact, there is strong evidence that vegetation around waterways creates a living filter that captures some of the pathogens present in animal waste, keeping them from the water that might eventually be used to water crops, she says.

Requiring farmers to plow under vegetation up to waterways could also severely degrade water quality, because plants help protect stream banks against erosion, said Daniel Mountjoy of the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the state Department of Agriculture.
 

The E. coli O157:H7 bacteria and the significance of age

Fresh spinach contaminated with E. coli bacteria led to the death of Elizabeth "Betty" Howard of Richland, said her attorney, William Marler of Seattle.

Howard, 83, contracted E. coli O157:H7 from eating bagged spinach in September, the state Department of Health said.

The Tri-City Herald reports that Benton County Coroner Rick Corson said the cause of death still was under investigation. He said it was premature to say the E. coli infection caused her death, but it is a possibility that's being investigated. Corson said there were other age-related health issues that may have been contributing circumstances.

The elderly are far more susceptible to the lethal complications of disease, particularly E. coli O157:H7, than most.  Death rates for infectious diarrheal disease alone are five times higher in people over 74 years of age than in the next highest group, children under four years of age, and fifteen times higher than the rates seen in younger adults.

Published studies attribute the elderly’s heightened risks, both of infection and mortality due to infectious disease, to several factors:  the aging of the gastrointestinal tract (reduced gastric acidity/mobility), a higher prevalence of underlying medical disorders (co-morbidity factors), and immune system changes that leave the host less able to defend itself against infectious agents.
 

In wake of E. coli outbreaks, California legislator calls for regulation

The Associated Press reports that California State Senator Dean Florez plans to introduce a bill that would create a system to track produce from farm to table, and would impose new regulations on the produce industry with the aim of reducing the likelihood for E. coli contamination, particularly in leafy greens.

In response to Senator Florez' announcement that he would be introducing legislation that would impact the argiculture industry, the Western Growers Association plans to introduce self-regulation measures that would go into effect before February 1.

Both proposals will specify how large and deeply buried fences must be to keep out stray animals, and how far away from livestock areas crops can be grown. Both will likely specify allowable bacteria levels in irrigation water.

Under his plan, shippers and handlers would also have to create a "trace back" system to enable health officials to quickly determine where contaminated produce was grown.
 

E. coli outbreaks at fairs and petting zoos

The Moose Jaw Times Herald reports that fair organizers are increasingly addressing issues related to human-animal interaction.

The Western Fair that year had 61 cases of E. coli traced back to fair barns with seven confirmed cases, one leading to severe kidney illness. Since 2004, at least seven U.S. fairs have been sued over E. coli outbreaks traced to livestock events at fairs.

Cows are not the only culprit.  Sheep, goats, and other animals also carry harmful E. coli in their intestinal tracts.
 

E. coli Q & A

The News-Leader, a newspaper out of Springfield, Missouri, posted questions and answers about E. coli on its Web site recently:

Q. What is E. coli?
A.
E. coli is a bacteria. It is found in things with which we come into contact daily, including water and food. E. coli develops in the system when animals or humans ingest food or water containing the bacteria. Over time, our bodies become acclimated to the stains of E. coli which we have encountered. These strains are usually harmless. If you come into contact with an unfamiliar strain, it can cause a diarrheal illness. One strain, 0157:H7, produces toxins as a byproduct that can damage kidneys and, in rare cases, lead to death.

Q. How can you tell if you've come in contact with food or water contaminated with E. coli?
A.
Symptoms will usually appear about three days after exposure and may last for a period as short as one day or as long as nine days. In most cases, people develop severe diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Blood is often seen in the stool. Persons with bloody diarrhea should consult a physician for treatment. Fever may or may not be seen. Some infected people may have mild diarrhea or no symptoms at all.
 

E. coli and raw milk - the ongoing debate

Salon.com recently investigated the health benefits some people say they get from drinking it. They also looked into raw milk, cow shares, and organizations that promote raw milk consumption, and came to conclustions about raw milk:

Many people come to raw milk as a last resort; one man I spoke to for this article had terrible asthma, one woman had debilitating arthritis, and another had osteoporosis (which pasteurized milk hadn't improved) -- and all saw complete reversals of their diseases after a few months of drinking it. Their stories were persuasive, but in an age where E. coli is turning up at Taco Bell and even in organic spinach, I wondered: Is it really safe to drink unpasteurized milk?

In a word: No. A scan of the CDC's Web site turns up several recent bacterial outbreaks traced to raw milk: Last year in Washington and Oregon, four children were sickened by E. coli O157:H7; in 2002, there was a multi-state outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium; and in Wisconsin, in 2001, 70 people were infected with Campylobacter jejuni. Such outbreaks were the reason pasteurization was introduced in the first place, of course (it was only an added benefit that the process also extended milk's shelf life). As early as 1908, cities such as Chicago and New York required the pasteurization of milk -- and in 1948, Michigan became the first state to ban raw milk. Today, though pasteurization is not compulsory on a national level, it is required of any dairy hoping to ship its wares across state lines and has become the law in states that have adopted the Food and Drug Administration's pasteurized milk ordinance, an operating manual for the handling and production of milk. Public health officials unanimously agree that pasteurization has dramatically reduced infectious diseases.
 

Marler Clark currently represents children who have become ill with E. coli infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome, requiring extensive medical treatment, after drinking contaminated raw milk. And while advocates claim that there are health benefits to drinking raw milk, the parents of these children would argue otherwise.

Fresh Express to fund E. coli research

Fresh Express has announced that the company will donate up to $2 million for E. coli research. According to the press release, which was posted at Infection Control Today, Fresh Express will help fund an independent advisory panel that has already been formed.

Members are respected scientists in the food safety community:

  • Dr. Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota
  • Dr. Jeff Farrar, California Department of Health Services
  • Dr. Bob Buchanan, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • Dr. Robert Tauxe, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Dr. Bob Gravani, Cornell University
  • Dr. Craig Hedberg, University of Minnesota
     

Taco John's E. coli outbreak update

The Food and Drug Administration has announced that it has moved closer to identifying the source of illness for the Taco John E. coli outbreak.

FDA and the state of California, working in conjunction with state health officials in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin, have DNA-matched the strain of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria associated with the outbreak with two environmental samples gathered from dairy farms near a lettuce growing area in California's Central Valley.

The outbreak sickened approximately 81 individuals in November and December of 2006. Illnesses were reported in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Twenty-six people were hospitalized, and two suffered hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection that can cause permanent kidney damage and death. No deaths have been associated with the outbreak. No new cases of illness are being reported and the outbreak is now considered over.

Epidemiological studies by Minnesota and Iowa health officials had previously identified shredded iceberg lettuce served in the restaurants as the likely vehicle of transmission in the outbreak. FDA was able to focus on specific lettuce growing regions based on the traceback from records obtained from the lettuce processor. The recent DNA match provides a clue as to one possible source of the contamination for the lettuce, although others may exist. It has yet to be determined how the E. coli contaminated the lettuce. The traceback investigation is ongoing and will hopefully yield further insight into how this contamination occurred.
 

California budget includes increase for food safety

Governor Schwarzeneger's proposed 2007 budget includes an increase in food safety funding, up from $1.7 million last year to $2.1 million this year.

It also includes a shift in responsibility from the Department of Health Services to a newly formed Department of Public Health, according to the Santa Cruz Sentinel.

The additional money would help fund future investigations of food-related illnesses, like last year's E. coli outbreak. A particular strain of the bacteria spread nationally, killing three people. More than 200 got sick, and several dozen had lasting kidney damage. A federal investigation traced the source to a spinach farm in San Benito County.

State Assemblywoman Anna Caballero remarked on the Governor's budget proposal, "I think it's a good beginning, but I also believe we need to fully fund research that can find the source of contamination."
 

Is irradiation the answer to safer food?

Dr. Mike Osterholm, a nationally known food-safety and infectious-disease expert at the University of Minnesota, argues that the public has some misperceptions about irradiation.

Dr. Mike Osterholm, a nationally known food-safety and infectious-disease expert at the University of Minnesota, argues that the public has some misperceptions about irradiation.
 
“The food does not become radioactive, as many people seem to think,” says Osterholm. It's what NASA uses to sterilize astronauts' meals, he said, and is also widely used to decontaminate spices.

Osterholm says irradiation could prevent hundreds of thousands of cases of food-borne illness every year, and save hundreds of lives.

But opponents say that irradiation can harm food by killing nutrients and, in some circumstances, generate cancer-causing chemicals. They also argue that there are other ways to protect the food supply, such as better sanitation and inspections.

“I don't think irradiation is a solution,” said Dr. David Wallinga, director of the food and health program at the St. Paul, Minnesota-based Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. “It's at best a Band-Aid on a much bigger problem.”
 

E. coli outbreak reports are in

Last fall, several students at the University of North Carolina became ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections after eating at McAlister's Deli. In a follow-up story on that outbreak, the Daily Tarheel reports that the Orange County Environmental Health Department's final report also showed a strong statistical likelihood that the restaurant's lettuce was the source of the infections.

Though Orange County interim environmental health director Tom Konsler said in a November interview that food-borne illnesses can strike even the cleanest restaurant, a health inspection conducted on Oct. 24 gave McAlister's a raw score of 89.

That score included deductions for improperly storing meat, improper handwashing and hygiene and improper handling of utensils.
 

E. coli-Contamianted Spinach: From California to the Midwest

In the last decade, lettuce and spinach grown in California's central coast region have caused at least nine outbreaks of illness associated with E. coli bacteria. Today, fresh produce outpaces even meat as a source of food-borne illness. The beef industry tightened its safety practices after Jack In the Box burgers contaminated with E. coli killed four children in 1993, but with vegetables, regulators and growers are still catching up.

As health officials have urged Americans to eat more green, leafy vegetables, the produce industry has responded to consumers' unrelenting demand for convenience by giving them salad that's pre-washed and packaged in plastic. Yet the convenience may have a price: Some steps in processing might actually contribute to the spread of contamination.

Even after one of the biggest food-safety investigations in U.S. history, officials can only guess at what exactly caused the recent outbreak involving bagged fresh spinach, which killed three people and sickened 201 in 26 states and Canada. Worse, they still can't guarantee that every salad will be safe to eat.
 

E. coli contamination - is our food safe?

Work on safety guidelines that the FDA is ready to propose began in 2004 -- though it has been slowed because staff time has been devoted to finding the source of the most recent outbreaks of E coli.

Even when these guidelines are finished, the FDA says they will be voluntary, according to the Sheboygan Press.

Growers are ready to implement new procedures on how to prevent contamination in green leafy vegetables from the planting stage to the time they reach the dinner table.

Because produce grows outdoors in the dirt, there is little you can do that will make it 100 percent safe unless you cook it or irradiate it, and it is unlikely that consumers will begin cooking all fresh produce, while there is skepticism about the public's acceptance of irradiated product. Researchers at the University of Illinois expressed concerns about existing technologies - including irradiation - that can reduce or eliminate pathogenic bacteria from fresh produce.

Food science professors are testing ozone, high-intensity ultrasound, electrolyzed water, irradiation, and temperature, and they say no treatment singlehandedly can reduce the number of pathogens sufficiently to meet the standards set by the FDA.

 

E. coli top headline of 2006

QSR.com recently highlighted several E. coli outbreaks that happened at the end of 2006. The author, Fred Minnick, brought up the E. coli outbreaks due to the impact they had on quick-serve restaurants, such as Taco Bell and Taco John's.

"E. coli was another big headline maker in the QSR segment as Taco Bell and Taco John’s served food contaminated with the virus,” said QSR.com. “Both brands quickly responded to consumer and public concerns with targeted store closures and the temporary removal of green onions from its menu. Taco John’s even paid hospital bills for those inflicted with the illness. Despite their efforts, however, both brands are being sued.”
    
“This latest outbreak is proof that the food industry has not done enough to protect consumers from deadly pathogens like E. coli O157:H7,” said William Marler, a food safety advocate who has represented over a thousand victims of E. coli outbreaks. “It is time for Congress to step into the arena and call hearings to explore the causes of recent outbreaks and to help prevent future outbreaks from happening.”
 

Monterey County Grand Jury Addresses E. coli Concerns

Among the concerns outlined in the Monterey County Grand Jury's 2006 report was E. coli contamination in the Salinas Valley lettuce and spinach fields, which has plagued the area for years now, reports the Monterey County Herald.

As part of their investigation, grand jury members accompanied federal, state and local health officials on a survey of Santa Rita Creek last May. During the survey, the report said, the group observed land littered with cans, tires, bed frames and mattresses as well as animal feces.

Fecal material and samples of water samples from one parcel containing cattle and a llama with access to the creek were tested for E. coli 0157:H7. Although the results were negative, the grand jury report recommended that the county health department enforce state codes protecting waterways from animal contamination.
 

New York E. coli victim sues Taco Bell

Another E. coli lawsuit has been filed against Taco Bell today by Marler Clark. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Michael Notar, a Clinton, New York, resident who became ill with an E. coli infection and was hospitalized for four days after eating E. coli-contaminated food at Taco Bell.

The filing coincides with Taco Bell’s announcement that Taco Bell President Greg Creed and Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell will tour the Taco Bell restaurant located at Franklin Mills Circle in Philadelphia today.

“While Taco Bell is parading around with politicians, the victims of this outbreak continue to incur costs related to their illnesses,” said William Marler, attorney for Mr. Notar and managing partner of Marler Clark. “The least a multi-million dollar corporation like Taco Bell can do is make a good will gesture and pay my clients’ medical expenses.”

According to the complaint, Mr. Notar ate food from Taco Bell locations in Yorkville and Utica, New York, before becoming ill with symptoms of E. coli infection on December 5. His symptoms worsened, and he was hospitalized at St. Luke’s Hospital in New Hartford, New York, on December 6. Mr. Notar was released from the hospital four days later, but continues to suffer gastrointestinal discomfort as a result of his illness, and has scheduled several medical procedures in January to further treat the injuries he sustained while he was ill with E. coli.

“Corporate responsibility means stepping up to the plate and saying you’re sorry when you’ve done something wrong – like poison your customers – and then putting forth an effort to make things right,” Marler concluded.

Marler Clark has associated Underberg & Kessler, a respected Rochester law firm, on the case. The two firms have worked together in other New York litigation, including E. coli and Salmonella cases. Most recently, they were appointed by the New York Court of Claims to represent over 700 victims of cryptosporidiosis at the Seneca Lake State Park Spraypark during the summer of 2005. The case was recently designated a class action.
 

Six illnesses in area (Rochester) may be linked to Taco Bell

Six people in the Rochester area might have gotten sick as part of the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak that happened about a month ago.

The New York state Health Department is reporting all confirmed and potential cases on its Web site, and says that four people from Monroe, one person from Genesee and one person from Ontario counties are potential cases related to the outbreak.

Most reported cases associated with the outbreak in New York state have not been confirmed — 294 potential cases, compared with 22 confirmed cases that have been reported to the federal government.

The federal government has been unable to definitively know what actually contained the E. coli bacteria reported at restaurants in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. They surmise it could have come from lettuce, cheddar cheese or ground beef. The outbreak occurred between November 20 and December 6 and is considered over.

Ten Taco Bells in Nassau and Suffolk counties have temporarily closed for testing and cleaning in early December.

Ingesting E. coli bacteria, which is found in the intestines of humans and animals, can cause diarrhea. But the one particular E. coli strain called 0157:H7 involved in this outbreak can cause severe diarrhea and kidney damage.
 

E. coli outbreak picked as top food story of the year

Notably, the E. coli outbreak that was traced to contaminated spinach was the most memorable story food writers across the nation wrote about this year.

While Taco Bell and Taco John's try to recover from the effects of E. coli outbreaks traced to letuce served at their restaurants, The Daily Mail acknowledged that food editors, who would usually focus on the positive - good recipes, the history of a particular food, etc. - found this to be the most important headline of the year.

E. coli-contaminated spinach traced to a farm in California's Salinas Valley killed three people and infected more than 200 people in 26 states this past September, bringing the topic of food safety back into the limelight once again.
 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania E. coli Death

KDKA TV reports that a child from Mercer, Pennsylvania has died, likely of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by E. coli O157:H7.

The State Health Department has confirmed that a young child from the area has died from E. coli. The state is investigating the death and has alerted local hospitals to be on the look out for other cases.

The Health Department says this appears to be an isolated case and not related to any recent scares. Officials are not releasing the child’s identity.
 

Taco Bell E. coli outbreak not the first, won't be the last

The Times-Tribune reports that the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak was not the first outbreak to be traced to tainted produce, and will probably not be the last, according to the CDC and other health officials.

While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared the Taco Bell-associated outbreak over and the company says its food is safe, health officials acknowledge another E. coli outbreak somewhere is just a matter of time.

“If there is something good about something like this, it’s that it helps us improve and prepare for the next one,” said Chris Ryder, spokesman for the state Department of Agriculture.

The Taco Bell chain and Yum! Brands are facing multiple E. coli lawsuits, and produce companies like Natural Selections Foods, whose spinach was the source of a large E. coli outbreak earlier this year, are facing similar litigation.
 

Public Health Expert Says E. Coli Outbreaks Prove Need To Enforce Food Regulations

Dr. Robert Field, chair of the Department of Health Policy and Public Health at University of the Sciences in Philadelphia said Americans' lives depend on enforcing food regulations, reports the VitaBeat blog.

“We have come to take the safety of what we eat for granted. We know that too much fast food can kill us over time, but how many people realized that on rare occasions, it can do so much more quickly,” Field in a press statement. “A tremendous amount of effort that we never see goes on in the trenches by regulators every day. It is not glamorous, but our lives can depend on it.”

After E. coli outbreak, Taco Bell restaurants reopening

The King of Prussia Courier reports that Taco Bell has reopened several restaurants that were implicated in the recent E. coli outbreak.

“Early on, Taco Bell came out and said they had a culture match of the E. coli on the green onions and pulled all the green onions out of their restaurants and then fired their supplier,' said Bill Marler, a Seattle attorney who is representing victims of the outbreak in litigation against Taco Bell and its produce supplier.

 “It looked logical that it was the green onions, because why would Taco Bell do that? But apparently when the FDA came in, they found that the E. coli test was wrong,” he noted. “Their interviews with the victims indicated that lettuce was the most likely source of contamination.”

More than 70 cases of E. coli have also occurred recently at the Taco John chain of Mexican restaurants in the Midwest. "The Taco John outbreak in Iowa and Minnesota, at last count, had official numbers that are more than the Taco Bell outbreak," Marler said.
 

Taco Bell tries to earn consumer confidence, congresswoman calls for single food safety agency

Bob Sandelman, CEO of a research company that did a survey on whether people would return to Taco Bell restaurants after an E. coli outbreak sickened over 70 people in the northeast, says, "It's still a raw issue because it's still in the news."

But he adds that consumer concerns will fade over time, or even disappear, once the cause of the outbreak is pinpointed.

In Congress, Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., who will chair the agriculture subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, intends to hold her first hearing on food-safety issues. She hopes to haul in Taco Bell executives, along with other industry figures.

One of her priorities will be to reintroduce legislation she co-sponsored with Illinois Senator Dick Durbin to create a single food-safety agency. Different agencies, she pointed out, regulate Taco Bell's products. The Food and Drug Administration oversees produce while the Agriculture Department is supposed to monitor the meat and cheese.
 

Second E. coli lawsuit filed against Taco John's by Iowa resident

A second lawsuit has been filed against Taco John's on behalf of a victim of the recent E. coli O157:H7 outbreak that was traced to contaminated lettuce served at Taco John's restaurants in Iowa and Minnesota.

The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Waterloo resident Karen Hibben-Levi. Ms. Hibben-Levi is represented by Seattle attorneys Marler-Clark, the nation’s leading law firm representing victims of foodborne illness, who filed its first E. coli lawsuit against Taco John’s on December 14.

A joint investigation by Iowa and Minnesota health officials indicated that E. coli-contaminated lettuce was the source of the Taco John’s E. coli outbreak, which ultimately resulted in 77 E. coli cases among customers who ate at Taco John’s locations between November 28 and December 6. On December 13, Taco John’s announced that the company had contracted with a new vendor to supply produce to its approximately 100 Midwest franchises.

“E. coli in lettuce has become almost a systemic problem for the fresh produce industry,” said William Marler, attorney for Ms. Hibben-Levi. “Given the recent history of lettuce E. coli outbreaks, I question Taco John’s’ decision to switch produce suppliers. At this point, the issue is at the farm level, not at the distribution level, and it seems that one supplier’s produce is not likely safer than the next.”

“Instead of looking at one restaurant or one supplier, it’s time we took a hard look at all aspects of lettuce production in this country – from farm to fork – and came up with some real solutions to prevent future outbreaks,” Marler continued. “It’s time for the federal legislature to take up this issue and bring all parties involved, including players from the fresh produce industry, university researchers, FDA, CDC, and consumers, to the table and hammer out real solutions to this recurring problem.”
 

Produce E. coli outbreaks a big concern

A Scripps Howard study of state health department reports made to the CDC, found in the five years 2000 through 2004, found that fruits and vegetables sickened three times more people with E. coli than meat.

Fruits and vegetables accounted for the worst E. coli outbreaks in years, including one Milwaukee outbreak attributed to contaminated watermelon that sickened more than 700 and killed a young child. Other serious outbreaks involved cucumber salad in Illinois and unpasteurized apple cider in New York. The Milwaukee Sizzler E. coli outbreak was ultimately traced to watermelon that had been cross-contaminated with E. coli-tainted meat.

The Times Leader interviewed researchers from the University of California at Davis and Berkeley about the increase in reported foodborne illness outbreaks.  Dean Cliver, a food safety professor at U.C. - Davis, said, "I don’t necessarily feel that there’s more [foodborne illness] happening now.  In all probability, it’s less. But we sure know when it happens these days, and we didn’t use to.”

Irradiation introduces the prospect of a final "kill step," for fresh produce, an additional layer of protection if other precautions fail. The high-energy rays can penetrate packaging, making it possible to do a final disinfection after, say, spinach leaves have been washed and sealed in a bag. The technology can also kill pathogens nestled where disinfectants like chlorine don't always reach: in a crevice in a leaf of spinach, for instance.

Recent studies have shown that the technology will reduce populations of common foodborne disease pathogens by at least 99.9 percent without hurting the quality of most fresh produce, according to Brendan Niemira, a lead scientist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety Intervention Technologies lab in Pennsylvania.
 

Abilene E. coli cases reported

The Abilene-Taylor County Public Health District is investigating three reported cases of E. coli that have been reported in December.

All three ill individuals had eaten at a buffet before they became ill.  A health district spokesman told the Reporter-News that the three illnesses were not considered an E. coli outbreak, and that the investigation is ongoing. 

Health district investigators had examined the area where the food was prepared by the Hendrick catering service and did not find any problems. Although they all ate at the same event, that fact does not mean Hendrick is the source of the E. coli - it is merely one common point in their food histories.
 

Washington dairy to resume sale of raw milk

The owners of Dee Creek Farm, who operated a cow share program that last December was the source of an E. coli outbreak that sickened 18 people in Washington and Oregon in December of 2005, say they will begin selling raw milk again this summer.

Dee Creek Farm faces an $8,000 fine from the Washington Department of Agriculture for selling raw milk without a license, but the farm is appealing the fine, reports The Daily News. Dee Creek Farm owners Anita and Michael Puckett will argue their case in a March administrative hearing run by the state Department of Agriculture.

The Pucketts claim they didn't violate state milk production and processing laws and shouldn't have to pay the $8,000 fine assessed in March. The fine is not for the E. coli outbreak itself, but for violations uncovered while officials were investigating the outbreak and its cause.

DNA tests tied milk from the dairy to the bacteria that made 18 people sick in Washington and Oregon; including three children who were in critical condition.
 

E. coli Attorney Calls on Taco John's to Pay Victims' Medical Bills

William Marler, a food safety advocate and attorney who is representing 10 victims of an E. coli outbreak at several Taco John's locations in Iowa and Minnesota, called today on Taco John's to pay the medical bills of all individuals who became ill with E. coli infections as part of the outbreak.

“We know that at least 26 people were hospitalized during this outbreak,” Marler said. “Some families are already facing bills in the tens of thousands of dollars. It’s only right that Taco John’s should step up and pay all victims’ medical bills.” 

Marler noted that in other outbreak-situations companies such as Dole, Jack in the Box, Odwalla, Chi-Chi’s and Sheetz advanced medical costs for outbreak victims whose illnesses were traced to their food products. “Other companies have shown their commitment to corporate responsibility and have put their customers first. It is my hope that Taco John’s will follow their lead,” Marler concluded.

Health officials have counted at least 77 people as being part of the outbreak, which was traced to Taco John’s restaurants in Iowa, and Minnesota. The Black Hawk County, Iowa, health department reported that at least 18 people had been hospitalized with E. coli infections after eating at Iowa Taco John’s restaurants, and Minnesota health officials reported 8 hospitalizations. At least two people developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, a complication of E. coli infection that can cause kidney failure and central nervous system impairment and requires extended hospitalization and medical treatment.
 

Taco Bell E. coli O157:H7 Outbreak: Q&A with the FDA

The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has published a fact sheet, titled, "Questions and Answers: Taco Bell E. coli O157:H7 Outbreak."

Q. Does FDA know what caused the E. coli O157:H7 infections linked to some Taco Bell Restaurants in several Northeastern states?
A:
Shredded Iceberg lettuce has been implicated in the current E. coli O157:H7 outbreak. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in conjunction with state and local health authorities, initially identified three food items served at the Taco Bell restaurants considered to be the most likely sources of the bacterial infection: shredded iceberg lettuce, cooked ground beef, and cheddar cheese. For a variety of reasons, it now appears very likely that the shredded lettuce was the vehicle of transmission, and very unlikely that the infections were transmitted by the meat or cheese.

Q: Are people still getting sick as a result of this outbreak?
A:
This outbreak is considered to be over. According to the CDC, the latest onset of illness connected with this outbreak is December 6, 2006. The rate of newly reported illnesses has declined substantially. Cases still remain under investigation, but the data indicates that these individuals consumed iceberg lettuce no later than the first week of December.

Q: Where exactly are the restaurants and the reported illnesses located that have been associated with this outbreak?
A:
A total of 71 cases in five states have been reported to the CDC: Delaware (2 cases), New Jersey (33 cases), New York (22 cases), Pennsylvania (13 cases) and South Carolina (1 case — this person ate at a Taco Bell in Pennsylvania). 53 hospitalizations and 8 cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) have been reported. Taco Bell restaurants in other states have not been connected with this outbreak.

Q: Is lettuce in grocery stores and other restaurants safe?
A:
There is no reason to suspect that lettuce in grocery stores is unsafe. Lettuce available in grocery stores has not been connected with the lettuce implicated in the outbreak linked to some Taco Bell restaurants in the Northeast.

Q: Are onions and green onions safe?
A:
Early reports that green onions were implicated in this outbreak were inaccurate. There is no indication that any type of onions, including green onions, are unsafe or are connected in any way with this outbreak.

Q: Where did the shredded lettuce at Taco Bell restaurants come from?
A:
The precise source of the shredded lettuce is under investigation. FDA has expedited its traceback efforts in an attempt to quickly find the source of the lettuce. The agency has set up a special team of food safety experts to review all available information as quickly as possible to pinpoint where the lettuce originated.

Q: How could the lettuce have become contaminated?
A:
It is too soon to tell. FDA is working with state health agencies and the CDC to determine how and where the lettuce may have become contaminated.

Q: Could any of the shredded lettuce connected with the outbreak still be in distribution?
A:
FDA believes that this is unlikely and that the suspect lettuce was distributed only to some Taco Bell restaurants.

Q: Is the lettuce in this outbreak related in any way to the current outbreak linked to Taco John's restaurants in Iowa and Minnesota?
A:
Detailed DNA analysis (fingerprinting) has proved that the E. coli O157:H7 causing illnesses in Iowa and Minnesota is a different strain than that linked to illnesses from Taco Bell restaurants in the Northeast.

Q: What should I do if I believe I may be infected?
A:
Consumers who are concerned that they may have contracted E. coli O157:H7 infection from eating this lettuce should contact their health care provider to seek appropriate medical evaluation and treatment.

Q: What is FDA doing to increase the safety of lettuce and other fresh produce?
A:
The FDA developed the Lettuce Safety Initiative in response to recurring outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 in lettuce. The primary goals of the initiative are to reduce public health risks by focusing on the product, agents and areas of greatest concern and to alert consumers early and respond rapidly in the event of an outbreak. On August 24, 2006, the State of California Department of Health Services and Department of Food and Agriculture and the FDA met with industry and academia to further clarify the goals, objectives and the next steps for the Lettuce Safety Initiative. This meeting was facilitated by the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security. This initiative is based on the 2004 Produce Safety Action Plan, intended to minimize the incidence of food borne illness associated with the consumption of fresh produce.
FDA is considering a variety of options to increase the safety of all fresh produce marketed in the United States. The agency will hold a public hearing on the issue in early 2007.
 

E. coli-contaminated lettuce: Taco John's supplier will re-examine food safety

Bix Produce, the company that the Minnesota Department of Health has identified as the supplier of E. coli-contaminated lettuce to Taco John's restaurants in Minnesota and Iowa, announced that it will implement new measures to ensure produce safety.

The Minneapolis Star-Tribune reports that Bix is hiring a longtime crisis management spokesman and trying to prevent further loss of sales.

The changes came a day after the produce processing company was dropped by Taco John's as its supplier of shredded lettuce. Minnesota health officials have linked the E. coli cases to shredded lettuce supplied by Bix. The E. coli-contaminated lettuce has sickened more than 20 people in Taco John's restaurants in Minnesota and Iowa.
 

E. coli outbreak in Chelan, Washington

The Chelan-Douglas Health District has issued a press release regarding an E. coli outbreak that sickened a at least six people, one adult and five children, in the Chelan and Manson areas around Thanksgiving.

The Seattle Times and the Associated Press are both reporting that at least one child is hospitalized at Seattle Children's Hospital with hemolytic uremic syndrome.

According to the Chelan-Douglas Health District press release, the agency is receiving investigative support from the State Department of Health, as well as the Seattle-King County and Snohomish County Health Departments in this investigation.
 

Treatment of E. coli: Antibiotics should not be used

In a reminder to physicians treating potential victims of E. coli poisoning, the CDC is warning doctors not to prescribe antibiotics for individuals who exhibit symptoms of E. coli infections.

Some doctors still prescribe antibiotics because they are unaware of the advice, misdiagnose the still-rare E. coli O157:H7 or don't find the relationship between antibiotics and greater medical risk convincing, according to the LA Times.

A 2000 study found that children infected by E. coli O157:H7 and given antibiotics developed a life-threatening complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome at higher rates than children who did not take antibiotics. The syndrome is the leading cause of kidney failure in children.
 

Taco Bell E. coli Outbreak Update

The FDA and CDC E. coli outbreak investigation into illnesses at Taco Bell restaurants in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware took a turn this week, when health officials determined that green onions were not the source of the outbreak.

Investigators from the CDC and FDA announced that the likely source of the outbreak is E. coli-contaminated lettuce.

The New York Post reported an increase in the number of victims from the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak. While the outbreak continues, Taco Bell stores that had been closed due to the E. coli outbreak have reopened. Taco Bell has written an open letter stating that food in Taco Bell stores is safe.
 

Taco John's food is source of E. coli outbreaks in Iowa and Minnesota

An E. coli outbreak that had been traced to a Taco John's restaurant in Cedar Falls, Iowa, has also been potentially linked to an outbreak in Albert Lea, Minnesota.

Minnesota officials announced that they were investigating an apparent outbreak of E. coli infections tied to a Taco John's restaurant in Albert Lea, which is just north of Iowa.

18 people in Black Hawk County have been hospitalized this month after eating at a local Taco John's restaurant.

Approximately 100 Taco John's franchises in the Midwest will be using a new produce vendor starting as soon as today as an extreme precautionary response to reports of potential E. coli contamination at three of the franchise locations, one in Iowa and two in Minnesota, that used a common vendor. The remainder of the Taco John's system utilizes other produce vendors.
 

New York man files E. coli lawsuit against Taco Bell

The Seattle law firm Marler Clark filed its second lawsuit in the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak. The lawsuit named Yum! Brands, the parent company of Taco Bell and Ready Pac Produce Inc., the company that packaged and distributed fresh produce to Taco Bell restaurants.

According to the suit, Jared Keller, a Utica, New York, resident, became ill with symptoms of an E. coli O157:H7 infection two days after eating at the North Genesee Street Taco Bell location in Utica. Mr. Keller’s symptoms worsened over the course of the next few days, and he was admitted to St. Luke’s Hospital.

Seattle attorney William Marler has proposed congressional hearings focused on the following:
 

Taco Bell E. coli Cases up to 200

Bloomberg News reporter Josh Fineman reported that E. coli cases from Taco Bell have topped 200. Fineman discusses confirmed cases that are counted by the CDC, and breaks down other potential cases by state:

  • New York – 22 confirmed cases, 220 potential cases
  • New Jersey – 28 confirmed cases, 55 potential cases
  • Pennsylvania – 9 confirmed cases
  • Delaware – 2 confirmed cases
  • South Carolina – 1 confirmed case (food was eaten in New Jersey)
  • Utah – 1 confirmed case
     

Iowa E. coli outbreak sends 14 to hospital

An E. coli O157:H7 outbreak has been traced to a fast food restaurant in eastern Iowa, according to the Des Moines Register. The outbreak is said to have sickened at least 19 people, hospitalizing 14 of those who became ill as part of the outbreak. The Black Hawk County Health Department is investigating the outbreak, and expects lab test to be completed on Monday.

A number of the E. coli outbreak victims are students at the University of Northern Iowa.  Last month, an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak that sickened a number of University of North Carolina students was traced to a Chapel Hill restaurant.

Seattle E. coli lawyers file lawsuit against Taco Bell

An E. coli lawsuit has been filed on behalf of Stephen Minnis, a Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, resident who became ill with an E. coli O157:H7 infection after eating food from the Taco Bell restaurant located on East Philadelphia Avenue in Gilbertsville.

The lawsuit was filed against Yum! Brands, the parent company of Taco Bell, in United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania by Marler Clark, the Seattle law firm with a national reputation for the successful representation of E. coli victims.

Taco Bell has a connection to prior foodborne illness outbreaks. In 1999, At least ten San Francisco Bay-area people became ill with E. coli infections after eating at Taco Bell.  In 2000, dozens of people became ill with Hepatitis A, after eating contaminated green onions at Taco Bell locations in Florida, Kentucky, and Nevada.
 

Prior outbreaks traced to green onions

The Star-Ledger reported on the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak, which is suspected to have been caused by contaminated green onions.

The newspaper interviewed Richard Miller, a former Marler-Clark client who became ill with hepatitis A after eating green onions at a Chi-Chi's restaurant in Western Pennsylvania in 2003. He was among 650 people sickened in the outbreak -- the nation's largest -- that eventually was linked to green onions from Mexico. More than 120 people were hospitalized. Three died.

“I'm torn between anger and a total lack of trust in our food supply,” Miller said. “We need our agriculture departments to hold their feet to the fire.”
 

E. coli numbers up today

The New York Times reported today that 99 people have been confirmed ill with E. coli infections in connection with this outbreak, and stated that additional Taco Bell restaurants and a second food distributor had been implicated in the outbreak.

New York reported 41 E. coli cases on Long Island and an increase in illnesses reported from upstate. New Jersey reported 43 E. coli cases, with additional cases under investigation. Pennsylvania has also reported 7 E. coli cases.

Taco Bell E. coli Outbreak Update

The Food and Drug Administration today annonced that the agency is involved in the investigation related to the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak at Taco Bell restaurants. The FDA is actively working with state and local health officials, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the firm, suppliers and distributors to determine the cause of the sicknesses and prevent additional infections.

The investigation has so far focused on green onions, or scallions, supplied to Taco Bell. According to the LA Times, New Jersey food safety regulators and the FDA are investigating two suppliers: McLane Foodservice and a Florence, N.J., facility operated by Irwindale-based Ready Pac Foods Inc.

Ready Pac today announced that it has ceased distribution of green onions until the investigation into the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak has been completed.
 

New York State Health Department Investigates E. Coli Cases That May Be Linked to Taco Bell

The New York State Health Department has issued a press release regarding its investigation into illnesses traced to Taco Bell restaurants.

State Health Commissioner Antonia C. Novello, M.D., M.P.H., Dr.P.H., today announced that the State Health Department is investigating 15 cases with laboratory evidence of a E. coli O157:H7 infection in New York State tied to a national outbreak associated with Taco Bell restaurants. An additional 15 cases are also being investigated. There have been 13 hospitalizations and 1 report of hemolytic uremic syndrome, a severe complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection that can lead to kidney failure.

The New York State Department of Health is independently testing the green onions to confirm preliminary test results obtained by Taco Bell. Taco Bell has removed green onions at all of its restaurants nationwide.
 

Taco Bell E. coli Outbreak Update: New Jersey Health Department Press Release

The New Jersey Department of Health and Social Services issued a press release on December 6th regarding the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to Taco Bell restaurants.

They are recommending that all Taco Bells in New Jersey receiving food from the McLane Foodservice, Inc. of Burlington discard all current food supplies and clean and sanitize their facilities.

NJDHSS has been working closely with the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, neighboring state and local health departments, New Jersey’s local health departments, and Taco Bell Corp. regarding the ongoing investigation of statewide cases of E. coli associated with Taco Bell.

According to the press release, Taco Bell Corp. has announced that three samples of green onions were found to be presumptive positive for E. coli O157:H7 by an independent testing laboratory.  As a strictly precautionary effort, Taco Bell Corp. has removed green onions at all of its approximately 5,800 restaurants nationwide.
 

Taco Bell's E. Coli Outbreak - Newsweek's Interview with a Food Safety Expert

Newsweek's Jessica Bennett recently interviewed Debra Hotzman, a food safety expert, about what people can do to prevent illness when dining out:

    Q: "We often see children as the victims of food illness. Why are they so much more at risk?

    A: Anybody can get a food-borne illness. But the people who are at risk for severe complications are anyone who has a weakened immune system—young children, older people, pregnant people, people who are post-operative. Those are the people who should take real [care].

    Q: This is the second E. coli outbreak in just a few months. What does that say about our food industry?

    A: We need more stringent regulations in place. I think there should be a single agency in charge of all food safety.

    Q: How long did it take for people eat spinach again—and do you think it's safe?

    A: Spinach is one of the most wonderful foods that you can eat. And when you buy it, like with all leafy vegetables, there are things that you can do. You can remove the outer leaves at first and throw them away and then really spend time washing them under clear, clean, running water. Also keep up to date on recalls and safety alerts. The truth is that bacteria are sticky—hard to remove. But if you're really concerned, if you're somebody with a weakened immune system, then cook the spinach."
 

E. coli traced to green onions: Taco Bell pulls onions from restaurants

An E. coli outbreak among patrons of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania-area Taco Bell restaurants has been traced to E. coli-contminated green onions.

Taco Bell has pulled all green onions from restaurants nationwide and closed suburban Philadelphia Taco Bell stores after four E. coli cases were confirmed in Pennsylvania.  The Taco Bell press release regarding its decision to remove green onions from its stores can be found at www.tacobell.com, and stated that an independent lab had been hired to test green onions from Taco Bell.  Three tests came back presumptive positive for E. coli O157:H7.

The New York Times reports that 39 people in New York and New Jersey had become ill as part of the outbreak.  The updated count for illnesses in central New Jersey alone is 40 today, according to the Asbury Park Press.  6abc.com out of Philadelphia has also reported that at least 4 people have become ill in Pennsylvania.
 

E. coli Attorney Calls on Taco Bell to Pay Victims' Medical Bills

William Marler, a nationally-recognized food safety advocate and attorney, today called on Taco Bell and its parent company, Yum! Brands, Inc., "to do the right thing and immediately pay the medical bills for the victims of this most recent E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced Taco Bell restaurants in New York and New Jersey."

Marler noted that in other outbreak-situations, companies such as Dole, Jack in the Box, Odwalla, Chi-Chi’s and Sheetz advanced medical costs for outbreak victims whose illnesses were traced to their food products.

To date, New York and New Jersey health officials have reported that 39 people have been confirmed as victims of this Taco Bell outbreak. At least 2 victims develop hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially lethal complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection, and are still hospitalized. “With such devastating injuries, and so many of them,” Marler continued, “I hope that Taco Bell executives step up and do the right thing for their customers.”
 

Taco Bell E. coli Update

The New York Times reports that 35 people are ill with E. coli in New Jersey and Long Island.

At least five people are in the hospital, including two with hemolytic uremic syndrome, after eating at New Jersey-area Taco Bell restaurants. The E. coli outbreak has so far sickened at least 22 people, and has been traced to multiple Taco Bell locations.

Twenty of those infected, including two restaurant employees who tested positive for E. coli but did not get sick, ate at a Taco Bell in South Plainfield.

Authorities are trying to determine how and where the people with confirmed cases of E. coli became infected.
 

E. coli O157:H7, feedlot management, and profits

Pounds of beef and E. coli O157 are joint products in the feedlot industry, according to the Impact Center E-Newsletter. "The level of E. coli naturally occurring in beef is not necessarily harmful," said Washington State University researcher Tom Marsh. "It is when these levels go up dramatically that an increased likelihood of an outbreak occurs."

“It is ideal to identify those practices in the feedlot that increase cattle performance and decrease E. coli prevalence,” said Marsh. “Controlling insects and rodents, as well as manure management, are strategies that were significantly associated with reduced E. coli and increased profit level.”

While feedlot managers may not have an incentive to keep E. coli out of their herds, spinach farmers have an incentive to keep E. coli out of their fields.
 

E. Coli Still A Big Concern For U.S. Agriculture

WJZ TV reports former USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service director Michael Taylor has concerns with the current U.S. food safety system, saying, "We have a system that's not working as well as we can and we will continue having these problems until we address prevention."

Food safety experts have been advocating for a single food safety agency to regulate the U.S. food supply. Taylor pointed out no one agency regulates the food industry and in particular produce. 'We have a fragmented system with the FDA being responsible for part of the food supply and the USDA being responsible for meat and poultry.'"

E. coli kids home for Thanksgiving

The Lanhontan Valley News reported that two children who suffered E. coli infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2006 were able to celebrate Thanksgiving at home with their families.

Lanie Smith, 5, and John 'Jack' Cessford IV, 2 and a half, both of Fallon, were both hospitalized earlier this year after contracting the bacteria. Smith spent seven weeks in the intensive care unit at the Children's Hospital in Oakland for treatment. Cessford was hospitalized in the Renown Health Medical Center intensive care unit for nine days in May.

California child home after battle with E. coli and HUS

The Californian and North County Times report that Chris Martin of Murrieta, California, was hospitalized with an E. coli infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome after eating spinach and raw milk.

Although Chris' parents aren't sure what the source of his infection was, they believe that antibiotics administered when they took their son to the hospital could have led to his developing HUS. The couple said they believe their son would have recovered fairly easily from the E. coli infection were it not for a dose of antibiotics he should never have been given. This medical error, they said, pushed Chris to develop hemolytic uremic syndrome and ultimately kidney failure.

An E. coli infection can still lead to the syndrome without a dose of antibiotics, but the odds are significantly increased if a patient is given antibiotics. In Chris' case, his father said doctors did not wait for the results of a culture to come back to confirm E. coli, that they thought it was colitis, an inflammation of the colon.
 

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

The Lexington Herald-Leader addressed the serious complication of E. coli infection called hemolytic uremic syndrome.

About 5 percent of youngsters who get HUS do not survive. The key to treatment is early diagnosis, says UK's Dr. Philip Bernard. The first sign of trouble is bloody diarrhea, and Bernard said parents should take children with symptoms to the doctor immediately.

Children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems are most susceptible to E. coli O157:H7 and HUS.
 

E. coli victim home from hospital

The Lexington Herald-Leader reports that five-year-old Haley Caldwell of Richmond, Kentucky, has returned home from the hospital after a month in Kentucky Children's Hospital due to an E. coli infection.

Haley was admitted to the University of Kentucky Children's Hospital from hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially deadly set of medical problems most often caused by exposure to E. coli bacteria. She suffered from pancreatitis and colitis, developed problems with her blood, lost kidney function, went on dialysis, and was placed on a ventilator.

Spinach E. coli outbreak: FDA statement 11/15/06

Robert E. Brackett, Ph.D., recently participated in a panel before the US Senate committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Brackett, who is the director of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, pointed out that ready-to-eat fresh vegetables, fruits, and prepared salads have a high potential risk of contamination because they are generally grown in a natural environment and are often consumed without cooking or other treatments that could eliminate pathogens if they are present.

He went on to explain FDA's role in food safety, discuss FDA’s response to the recent E. coli outbreak and the ongoing investigation, describe some of the specific efforts that FDA is taking to enhance the safety of fresh produce to prevent future outbreaks, and reviewed some of the next steps that FDA plans to take to work with food safety partners to improve the safety of ready-to-eat foods.

Among the steps Brackett outlined were:

  • The development of a plan to minimize the risk of another outbreak in all leafy greens, including lettuce.
  • An examination of whether improvements in the following four areas could help prevent or contain future outbreaks: 1) strategies to prevent contamination; 2) ways to minimize the health impact after an occurrence; 3) ways to improve communication; and 4) specific research.
  • Putting on a series of meetings with industry groups to discuss ways to improve the safety of fresh produce.
  • Consideration of whether additional guidance and/or additional regulations for the produce industry are necessary.
  • Increasing research on analytical technologies that enable faster detection of foodborne pathogens and better intervention strategies.
  • Studying possible intervention strategies, such as use of thermal treatment and irradiation, which could be applied to fresh produce products to reduce the level of bacteria and viruses that are in or on the product.
  • Working with universities, industry, and state governments to develop both risk-based microbiological research programs and technology transfer programs to ensure that the latest food technology reaches the appropriate end users along the supply chain.

E. coli and HUS: The aftermath

For many people who suffer E. coli O157:H7 infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome, being released from the hospital does not mean they are cured. Constant medical monitoring and a future full of kidney failure and transplants are the fate of many.

A LiveJournal user recently posted about her ongoing medical treatment that is the result of an E. coli O157:H7 infection and HUS, which she suffered in 1990. Linda wrote extensively about her recent transplant, when she received a kidney from her mother.

Despite the worries that Linda went through, she says that her experience has drawn her closer to her family. The support that she was able to find online also helped with her process.
 

E. coli outbreak: McAlister's tries to bounce back after outbreak linked to restaurant

The Daily Tarheel reports that health officials have not yet been able to pinpoint the source of contamination within the restaurant that led to at least 9 cases of confirmed E. coli O157:H7 among McAlister's patrons.

Neil Newcomb, owner of the Franklin Street McAlister's, said that he noticed a decline in business after last week's revelations, but that customers are returning. "We need to be the perfectly run restaurant. If we were not, we are now," he said. "We anticipate bouncing back."

Keeping produce safe

The Gillette News-Record reported on the safety of fresh vegetables in a recent article. E. coli is a bacteria that grows in the intestinal tracts of most people and animals. The kind of E. coli that can be fatal and concerns medical professionals is Eshericha coli 0157:H7. It is found usually in contaminated water, and since most vegetables are irrigated, E. coli usually can cover the surface of most fresh produce.

The story's author gives tips on keeping produce safe, such as:

  • Washing fresh produce.
  • Preventing cross contamination by using proper handwashing techniques.
  • Scrubbing fruits or vegetables while running them under the water.
  • Using a brush and bleach solution to scrub the rinds of melons with deep grooves or rough surfaces.
  • Washing leafy greens, discarding the top layer, and washing them again.
  • Storing fresh vegetables at temperatures of 40 degrees or below.
     

E. coli case reported in Tennessee

The Gundy County Herald is reporting that the Tennessee Department of Health has confirmed that a Gunty County resident has tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 infection.  Click here for the fully story.

Source of E. coli sought by scientists

The American Veterinary Medical Association announced today that an investigation into the source of E. coli contamination in fresh produce will be launched by scientists at the University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.

The study is being funded by a $1.2 million grant from the United States Department of Agriculture. Crews will collect samples of livestock and wildlife droppings; creek, ditch, and irrigation water; farm soil; and lettuce growing on the farms. Scientists will analyze data to identify the vertebrates that are sources of E coli O157:H7; assess climate, landscape, and irrigation; and determine whether certain farming practices or environmental factors have any association with the contamination of lettuce.

Scientists hope the study also will help them understand the puzzling timing of recent E coli contamination. The bacteria appear more often in Salinas Valley waterways during the winter—when rainstorms wash the bacteria from streets, farms, and rangeland into creeks, streams, sloughs, and rivers. The contamination of fresh vegetables tends to occur during the summer and fall, though.
 

Senator Durbin's statement on spinach and E. coli

Senator Durbin submitted a statement for the hearing held yesterday by the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee. The hearing was titled, "Food Safety: Current Challenges and New Ideas to Safeguard Consumers".

In the statement, Senator Durbin addressed that dated methods used to oversee modern food distribution systems. He also suggested changes that should be made to increase food safety protocols, including:

  • Giving federal agencies the ability to issue mandatory recalls
  • Implementation of a regular inspection program for domestic food facilities
  • Requirements for food producers to code products for ease in tracking origins
  • Creation of a single food safety agency
     

Government called on to slow down meatpacking lines

The Lincoln Journal-Star reports that the Nebraska Appleseed Center called for government regulation that would require meatpacking companies to slow down production lines.

NAC is  concerned that food safety is compromised when production lines move too quickly for line workers to properly assess risks. 

Milo Mumgaard, executive director of the public policy center, urged Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns to “require the industry to slow down.”

It is Johanns’ job to “ensure our hamburgers -- and the workers who process them -- are as safe as they can be,” Mumgaard said. “Slowing down the line is a great place to start.”
 

E. coli outbreak: Woman who became ill after eating spinach recovering

Marler Clark client Chenelle Reyes was interviewed by KIRO 7 news in Seattle. Ms. Reyes and Bill Marler both discussed the E. coli outbreak traced to spinach with Graham Johnson:

"I literally felt I was dying," Reyes said. "I was in a lot of pain."

Federal investigators confirm the outbreak killed three people and made 204 sick. Investigators have traced the source of the outbreak to cow manure on a ranch near Natural Selection foods. They think wild pigs might have carried E. coli to the spinach fields.
 

E. coli Research: University of Illinois scientist helping processors keep E. coli out of meat

A University of Illinois food scientist has discovered that certain solutions used by meat processors to extend shelf life actually do double duty as antimicrobial agents, killing such virulent foodborne pathogens as E. coli 0157:H7.

That’s important because E. coli can be spread via recycled solutions used to tenderize and enhance flavor in steaks, chops, and other cuts of meat, said U of I food science professor Susan Brewer.

The problem motivated Brewer and her graduate students to study the process used to inject meat with enhancement solutions before they’re offered to consumers. And the results, published in the Journal of Food Science and Meat Science, have interested industry representatives.

“With needle injection, organisms that exist on the outside of a piece of meat can get poked down into the meat where they’re less likely to be killed if consumers like their meat on the rare side,” said Brewer. Also, as the needles inject one piece of meat after another, they can spread contamination from one piece of meat to another, and recycled enhancement solution can further complicate the spread of pathogens.

The scientists found that some solutions used to extend the shelf-life of meat also were effective at killing bacteria. Brewer says the threat level for such meat cuts as chops, steaks, and roasts is not high, although ground meat not cooked to high temperatures can be dangerous. “You’re always safe cooking red meat to 160 degrees,” she says.
 

Bad Food Safety Leads to Lawsuits

When someone gets sick from E. coli-related illnesses, most people across the country call upon Seattle attorney Bill Marler - sometimes even before they call the health department.

The Food Safety Network recently issued an Infosheet regarding Marler’s work in food poisoning litigation. At a speech at Kansas State University on November 14th, he will be addressing food safety risks, how to avoid lawsuits, and food preparation safety.

"Leave Well Enough Alone" is Not a Path to Safe Food

David Babcock, an attorney with Seattle-based Marler Clark, wrote in response to a personal essay published recently in the Houston Chronicle titled, “Is the fear of food poisoning eating at you?”  in a letter titled, "Leave Well Enough Alone is Not a Path to Safe Food":

By David W. Babcock, Esq.

Ms. Grodinsky’s recent personal essay, “Is the fear of food poisoning eating at you?” offers a deceptive take on food safety. Ms. Grodinsky is right, of course, hysteria over the safety of the U.S. food supply is unproductive and irrational. Just as irrational, however, is her downplay of the pressing importance of improving the safety of our food supply and the seriousness of the consequences for failing to do so.

Ms. Grodinsky’s piece echoes much of what has been said in opposition to increased food safety efforts in the past, advocating the questionable argument that there is a relatively low level of risk associated with the food supply. But her “low risk” argument is not a reason to ignore the risks that are known to exist. A lot of lettuce and spinach has been grown in the Salinas valley in the past 10 years. The overwhelming majority was not contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. Is that a reason not to be concerned with the lettuce and spinach that was contaminated, or the potential for contamination to happen again?  Continue Reading...

E. coli outbreak at UNC: Possible source found

The Daily Tarheel reports that the Orange County Health Department is focusing its E. coli outbreak investigation on McAlister's Deli, a restaurant on Franklin Street in Raleigh.

Officials at the health department stated in a press release that six out of the seven confirmed cases had McAlister's as a common link. Those six individuals ate at McAlister's between October 24th and October 28th.

The OCHD press release stated that the health department has confirmed seven cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection, and is investigating the possibility of additional cases, with three ill individuals' lab results pending. 
 

E. coli outbreak at UNC

The University of North Carolina and North Carolina Department of Health announced that they are investigating an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak among UNC students. Although no common source of exposure to the bacteria has been identified, health officials are working to determine the cause of the outbreak and do not believe that more students are at risk of developing the E. coli infection.

Three University students have, to date, developed confirmed cases of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. This illness causes severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps and is occasionally associated with severe complications, especially in young children and the elderly.

The affected students developed symptoms between October 26th and 29th. Health authorities are investigating a small number of additional possible cases among University students.
 

Is composted manure safe from E. coli?

The Daily Evergreen, Washington State University's daily newspaper, interviewed John Reganold, a WSU regents professor of crop and soil sciences, and Richard Finch, the compost manager at the WSU Compost Facility, regarding their opinions on the safety of composted manure:

“If people are using properly composted materials, they should be completely safe in organic farm applications or growing food crops,” said Richard Finch, the compost manager at the WSU Compost Facility.

At the WSU Compost Facility, manure is placed in long, symmetric rows where it begins a 10-week process of transforming into compost. The manure is mixed with straw and wood to increase the amount of oxygen mixing with the manure. In a week, the manure rises to a temperature of 130 degrees. Eventually, the manure will rise to as high as 170 degrees.

Department of Ecology regulations state the manure must remain between 130 and 170 degrees for a minimum of 15 days. The warm temperatures eliminate potential bacteria such as E. coli. To avoid runoff from unfavorable weather conditions, the compost rows are never more than 10 feet tall, Finch said. The rain and excess compost is also funneled into a pond to prevent it from contaminating irrigation water.
 

E. coli investigation: Ranch denies involvement

The owners of the Paicines Ranch, which has reportedly been under investigation as a potential source of the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to contaminated spinach, issued a statement about reports of its involvement.

The owners told KSBW: " The Paicines Ranch is not under investigation by any government agency. We lease row crop land to farmers. Whether or not these farmers are under investigation is unknown to us. If you want to know whether a particular farmer is under investigation, you should ask them. Since we neither farm nor process row crops of any kind, we are unable to comment further.”

Deadly Pathogens and Science vs. PR and Politics: Spinach in Monterey County - California Progress Report

Frank Pecarich, a retired soil scientist, points out that more could have been done before the E. coli outbreak traced to spinach, had scientists been listened to when they pointed out problems with the agricultural systems in the Salinas Valley.

"At first, our analysis clearly spied the flaws in the agriculture infrastructure and system of growing our fresh vegetable food supply,” he posted on the California Progress Report blog. “I have written three articles at this web site on all the gory details of why irrigating fresh leafy green vegetables with treated sewage effluent intended to be consumed raw was a horrible idea. We have also pointed out that the scientific literature is clear on the inability of tertiary treatment of sewage water to completely eradicate E. coli 0157:H7.”

He continues, “As we look deeper to see how this classic example of a bad idea got worse, we find that there are many groups of people who have their ‘finger prints on the bloody knife’, so to speak."
 

The return of spinach

Veggin' Out, an online blog, posted a commentary on the recent spinach-related E. coli outbreak:

"The last time I went grocery shopping, I saw that fresh spinach was back on the store shelves. However, I didn't buy any. Before the E. coli scare, I always had fresh spinach in my refrigerator. However, when given the opportunity to purchase it again, I didn't quite trust it. Even though the FDA says it's safe to eat now, I wasn't quite ready to buy it again."

The bloggers, still leery about buying spinach, pose the question to readers as to whether or not they are still afraid of purchasing spinach, and what it would take to regain trust in produce.

E. coli cases may be linked to State Fair food stand

The Winston-Salem Journal reports that at least three people have become ill from E. coli O157:H7 infections after attending the North Carolina State Fair.

A 2004 outbreak at the fair was traced to a petting zoo; however, the suspected source of this latest outbreak is a food stand.

Two adults and a teenager got sick after eating chicken pita sandwiches from a food vendor, which wasn't identified, near Dorton Arena. Two of them have been hospitalized.
 

Grocers put pressure on produce industry to clean up

The LA Times reports concerns from several grocers who are putting pressure on the produce industry to ensure fresh produce is safe.

An October survey of consumer attitudes by the association found that 22% of the respondents lacked confidence in the safety of all fresh produce products, not just spinach.

As the spinach crisis unfolded in September, the lack of reliable industry standards became apparent. Currently, growers are using a hodgepodge of safety measures and procedures to raise their crops.

The Salinas Californian also reports that the owner of Paicines Ranch, which is under investigation as the potential source of the spinach E. coli outbreak, said that his operation didn’t grow or process the suspect spinach but that he rents fields to two tenants. While one of the tenants has been cleared, he said the other tenant, Otto Kramm, is still being investigated.
 

E. coli spinach case: Lawsuit filed on behalf of family of woman who died

A lawsuit has been filed by Seattle lawfirm Marler Clark on behalf of the family of Ruby Trautz, an elderly woman who died after eating E. coli-contaminated spinach.

The estate is suing Dole Food Co. of Westlake Village, Calif.; Natural Selections Foods of San Juan Bautista, Calif.; No Frills Supermarkets of Omaha; and the undisclosed California farm where the spinach was grown, according to the Bellevue News-Leader.

According to the lawsuit, Trautz ate Dole brand baby spinach, which Nebraska public health officials linked to a national E. coli outbreak that sickened 204 people and caused three deaths. Natural Selections Foods bagged the spinach.

Bill Marler, the attorney representing the Costello family and 93 other people who were sickened as part of the outbreak, posted about today's announcement that one of four farms who supplied Natural Selections Foods and Earthbound Farms with spinach had been identified on his blog.
 

Lettuce and spinach producers work to prevent E. coli contamination after outbreak

Juliana Barbassa of the Associated Press interviewed fresh produce suppliers and the families of victims of the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to contaminated spinach.

Samantha Cabaluna, a spokeswoman from Natural Selection Foods, said "We've completely overhauled the way we test and package greens.  Regardless of the source or method of contamination, we're better prepared to catch it."

Produce industry hears talk about cleaning up

In response to a nationwide E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to contaminated spinach, produce industry leaders held a recent meeting to address industry concerns and to discuss what is likely impending legislation if the industry does not find a solution to produce contamination soon.

According to the Capital Press, Dr. Robert Brackett, director of Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said the recent E. coli outbreak linked to fresh spinach from a Salinas Valley processor demonstrates the need for the produce industry to take food safety seriously.

He said the outbreak, which sickened nearly 200 and killed three, has cost $17 million in public health costs. He advised the industry to work together to strengthen food safety standards as a way to rebuild consumer confidence in fresh produce.
 

Blow me down

Kentucky child in critical condition diagnosed with E. coli O157:H7

The Associated Press is reporting that a five-yearold Madison County, Kentucky, child is hospitalized at Kentucky Children's Hospital with complications of an E. coli O157:H7 infection.

Haley Caldwell is on a ventilator. Her 18-month-old sister was also ill with an E. coli infection, and was hospitalized at Lexington Hospital, but has since recovered.

E. coli outbreak traced to wild pigs?

The Associated Press reported today that FDA and California Department of Health investigators believe they have found three potential sources of the spinach E. coli outbreak: Wild pigs, cattle, and contaminated water.

Samples taken from a wild pig, as well as from stream water and cattle on the ranch, have tested positive for the same strain of E. coli implicated in the outbreak. Investigators are looking at three other ranches in the areas in seeking the source of the contaminated fresh spinach.

California State Senator Dean Florez, who held a hearing on the spinach outbreak, said he plans to introduce bills in December to add a half-dozen new state regulations related to growing and packaging food, including how fields can be irrigated safely.

“We're going to focus in on the water,'' said Florez. ``We'll also work on better worker conditions, in terms of the equipment they use in the fields.''

Florez's proposal, among other actions, would allow farmers following organic practices to use more chlorine to disinfect their vegetables than is currently permitted under labeling standards for so-called organic foods.
 

Irradiation can prevent E. coli O157:H7 and other foodborne illnesses

CBS 11 TV in Dallas reported that David Corbin, an executive at Forth Worth-based Sadex Corporation, recently ate a E. coli-contaminated spinach that had been irradiated.

An FDA spokesman said the agency actively works on petitions by the Food Processors Association to use irradiation for ready-to-eat foods and does not discuss open petitions.

Mr. Corbin's stunt was designed to create interest in and promote irradiation technology, which effectively eliminates E. coli and other pathogens from food. But the article says it is important to remember that E. coli comes from fecal contamination and irradiated feces is still feces.
 

TMJ4's test: Is spinach really safe?

Milwaukee NBC affiliate, TMJ4, reported on their investigation into whether spinach now on the shelves in Wisconsin supermarkets is safe and free of pathogenic bacteria.

The investigation did not uncover any E. coli or other bacteria on spinach sampled from Milwaukee stores, but consumers are still skeptical about whether they should eat bagged spinach and lettuce from California's Salinas Valley.

The food industry and Dr. G. Richard Olds from the Medical College of Wisconsin both assert that spinach and other vegetables are safe to eat. However, with the number of E. coli outbreaks traced to produce in recent years, consumers are still concerned.
 

Safe food: Where did the E. coli come from?

Ellen Kanner with the Sun-Herald points out that fresh produce may not always be stored below 41 degrees fahrenheit to prevent spoilage and the growth of pathogenic bacteria, the outbreak problem is not the temperature at which fresh produce is stored. It is that produce is contaminated in the first place.

While the CDC, FDA, and the produce industry are working to curb outbreaks, consumers cannot prevent their fresh produce from being contaminated just by properly refrigerating. Produce destined for consumers' plates needs to reach them without pathogenic bacteria already present.

Investigators have identified a possible source - tainted cow manure from a neighboring pasture. How the manure got to the spinach fields isn't clear. Other possible causes are still being explored, from tainted irrigation water to errors made in processing. Some experts claim bagging produce keeps bacteria at bay, but others assert it creates a greenhouse effect when produce isn't kept at optimum conditions.

Supermarkets try to keep their refrigerator cases at 41, but often the temperature goes higher. It goes far above 41 on kitchen counters, where we trust the fresh produce we've just bought will be safe if we leave it out for a bit. At room temperature, bacteria proliferate.
 

E. coli at Habitat for Humanity dinner?

The Chetek Alert reports that Barron County health officials believe that people who became ill with E. coli infections may have become ill after eating at a fundraiser for Habitat for Humanity.

Barron County Health Officer Kaye Thompson and Randy Wilson, Barron County Sanitarian, are asking that any person that participated in the fund-raising dinner and is experiencing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting or fever to contact the Barron County Department of Health and Human Services and to see a physician.

E. coli O157:H7 infections can lead to complications called hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which can lead to acute kidney failure, central nervous system damage, and impairment of other major organs.
 

Another confirmed California E. coli case

The Redding, California, newspaper has reported that another California resident has been confirmed to be ill with the same strain of E. coli O157:H7 as that which was recalled by Natural Selections Foods.

Shasta County Public Health officials confirmed the illness as part of the outbreak, but would not disclose the outlet where the victim purchased and consumed the spinach. Dr. Lou Anne Cummings, Shasta County Public Health deputy health officer, said the patient had eaten at two restaurants that may have received shipments of the contaminated spinach.

Both restaurants had been following all proper rules and procedures, and the contaminated spinach has been removed, limiting the spread of the virulent bacteria.
 

Two new E. coli cases confirmed in Maryland

HometownAnnapolis.com reports that Maryland health officials have confirmed two more E. coli O157:H7 cases as having the same genetic fingerprint as the strain of E. coli linked to the spinach outbreak.

Maryland's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's announcement also addressed the death of June Dunning, an elderly woman from Haggerstown. Seattle law firm Marler-Clark has filed a lawsuit on behalf of the Dunning family.

Neither child in the most recent cases was hospitalized, said health department spokesman John Hammond.
 

How can I reduce the risk of becoming ill with E. coli O157:H7?

A reader of the Suburban Chicago News Web site asks, "There has been a lot in the news about E. coli in food lately. What is it? How do I know if I have consumed a food product that is infected with E. coli?"

E. coli is a common type of bacteria. It is short for the medical term Escherichia coli, which normally lives inside our intestines, where it helps the body break down and digest the food we eat. Most of the hundreds of types, or strains, of E. coli live harmlessly in the digestive tracts of humans and animals.

There are some strains however that produce a powerful toxin that causes bloody diarrhea and occasionally can cause severe blood problems and kidney failure, called hemolytic uremic syndrome.
 

The raw milk debate

KSDK TV in St. Louis reported today on the raw milk debate.

Purchasers and producers of raw milk believe drinking unpasteurized milk enhances their health.  Public health officials believe the risks of drinking raw milk and contracting potentially fatal illnesses such as E. coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter infections are too high, and that people should not consume raw milk. As reported on the news:

“Raw milk, advocates say, is healthier than pasteurized. Louis Pasteur invented the process to heat milk to 161 degrees for 15 seconds to kill harmful bacteria. But raw milk proponents say the process kills good bacteria.

However, there's another side to this story from health officials, who say they would never drink raw milk.

St. Louis City Health Director Dr. William Kincaid says raw milk is potentially full of bad things, like listeria, E. coli and even tuberculosis. Kincaid says he would absolutely not drink raw milk.”
 

Maryland confirms fifth E. coli case traced to spinach

The Baltimore Channel is reporting that Maryland has confirmed the state's fifth E. coli O157:H7 illness traced to contaminated spinach.

John Hammond, a spokesman for the state health department, said two more suspected Maryland cases are pending, including that of an elderly resident who died.

The state agency hasn't identified that person, but family members sait it was June E. Dunning, 86, of Hagerstown, who died Sept. 13 of an E. coli complication.

Marler Clark has filed a lawsuit on behalf of the family of Mrs. Dunning last week. The lawsuit was filed against Dole and Natural Selections.
 

Connecticut Firm Recalls Ground Beef Products For Possible E. coli O157:H7 Contamination

The USDA announced today that Omaha Beef Company, a Danbury, Connecticut, firm, is voluntarily recalling approximately 1,680 pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.

E. coli O157:H7 is the same bacterium that was found to be the source of an outbreak among people who ate contaminated spinach in August and September and became ill.

The products subject to recall include:
 

  • 10-pound boxes of 'HAMBURGER PATTIES, OMAHA BEEF CO., INC.'
  • Five-pound bags of 'HAMBURGER, OMAHA BEEF CO., INC.'
  • 10-pound bags of 'HAMBURGER, OMAHA BEEF CO., INC.'
     

Is there a better way to track produce?

Recent E. coli outbreaks caused by contaminated produce have caused some tech designers to question how technology might be used to I.D. fruit and vegetables, and provide a clearer trace route for future incidents.

A post at BoingBoing.com highlights the possibility of developing technologies to aid in the trace-back of potentially contamianted fruits and vegetables.

New 'virtual' inspection for meat plants proposed

Former Nebraska Chief Medical Officer and current USDA Undersecretary for Food Safety Dr. Richard Raymond proposed a system of "virtual" meat inspections, with a focus on more frequent inspections at meat plants with poor safety records.

Currently, inspectors are assigned to a specific facility or to regularly patrol several smaller plants, according to the Omaha World-Herald.

Raymond’s method involves an automated system, which generates a schedule of the inspectors' weekly tasks -- ensuring that a plant is clean, checking the temperature of its ovens and refrigerators and reviewing its anti-contamination measures.

If significant problems develop at a particular plant, additional inspections can be done. But on a day-to-day basis, the system aims to create a uniform level of inspection without regard to a facility's history or the safety measures it uses.

Under the proposed risk-based system, plants would receive a risk rating based on the types of products they handle, safety measures they have in place and their track records.

Plants deemed to present a high risk would receive more intensive inspections while those with low risk would receive more cursory examinations.

The new system proposed by Dr. Raymond is controversial, and consumer groups like the Consumer Federation of America are encouraging the USDA to conduct a pilot study of the new inspection system before fully implementing it.
 

Livestock source of E. coli problem

In a recent opinion piece in the Salt Lake Tribune, Hope Ferdowsian of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine writes about the source of E. coli contamination in fresh produce.

She points out that, "While news coverage has focused on the contamination of spinach and lettuce, not enough attention has been paid to one key source of E. coli: animal manure. E. coli 0157:H7 is naturally found in the intestines of cattle and some other animals. When livestock farms or 'concentrated feeding operations' foul groundwater or irrigation water, or a food handler with unwashed hands passes along his or her animal-borne infection, fruits and vegetables can become contaminated."

E. coli found in spinach caused more severe illness

The San Francisco Gate reports that the strain of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from case-patients and bags of spinach during the most recent E. coli outbreak is more virulent than other strains of E. coli O157:H7.

Health officials are working to determine why this particular strain seems to have caused a more severe illness in individuals who consumed contaminated spinach, and whether the molecular make-up of this strain of E. coli differs from other strains of E. coli O157:H7.

Peter Gerner-Schmidt, a scientist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who is investigating the outbreak, agrees that that this strain is probably a more dangerous strain than others. Research is under way to figure out why.
 

Mexican ban on US lettuce ends

The Mexican government has said it will lift its weeks-old ban on lettuce imports from California.

The decision comes after the US Department of Agriculture reported that its tests on California-grown lettuce and the irrigation water used on the state’s lettuce fields for the E. coli bacteria had come back negative, according to the CalTrade Report.

The ban came as a reaction to a recall of more than 8,500 cartons of lettuce grown on a farm in California's Salinas Valley, after irrigation water tested positive for E. coli.

The US Food and Drug Administration has reported that the five fields involved were no longer in use and their crops had been destroyed.
 

'95 lettuce scare in Missoula remembered

Mea Andrews, a reporter for the Missoulian, recapped an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak that occurred in Missoula, Montana, in 1995 in a recent article.

The culprit was never fully pinned down, but it was most likely leaf lettuce. In fact, the Missoula cases were believed to be the first reported community outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 associated with eating lettuce, according to a wrap-up article in The Journal of Infectious Diseases in 1998.

Two possible sources came to the forefront: Several lettuce farms in Washington state that were located near each other, or a local lettuce-growing operation that supplied Missoula-area restaurants and stores.

Most likely, the lettuce from the Montana farm, never identified, was the source of the outbreak. How the lettuce was contaminated also was never established. Four possibilities were discussed:
 

  • Improperly composted manure from a local dairy;
  • Cattle feces from a nearby, uphill farm infecting runoff or irrigation water;
  • Cattle feces infecting stream water;
  • Infection from other animals that were present, including sheep or deer.
     

Two more E. coli cases confirmed in Illinois

The Associated Press reports that there are four confirmed cases of E. coli O157:H7 traced to contaminated spinach in Illinois.

A spokeswoman for the Illinois Department of Public Health says the woman was reported to be mildly ill. Spinach from her household tested positive for the strain of E-coli linked to the national outbreak that began last month.

The child became ill in late September but has since recovered.
 

Are Spinach and Lettuce Safe?

From and earlier AP story:

Washington: Fresh spinach is safe to eat in the United States because all E coli-tainted spinach has been recalled, the US Food and Drug Administration said on Friday.

California's food industry needs to address the issue and tougher regulations may be needed, said the FDA's Dr David Acheson. However, consumers can safely eat fresh spinach again, he said.

"The spinach that is going to come on to the market next week or whenever is going to be as safe as it was before this outbreak," Acheson said adding, "But there are some longer-term issues that need to be addressed."

Acheson said food growers and processors would have to change some of their practices, although it is not yet clear which ones.



Interview with Jim Rushing, a Clemson University professor who works in food safety:

Q. With the recent E. coli outbreaks in fresh vegetables, what kind of questions have consumers and food sellers been asking?

A. I think the biggest question for everyone is how to prevent such an outbreak from happening in the future and what we can do differently in the future to make sure something like this doesn't happen again.

Q. The recent E. coli contaminations of spinach and lettuce have consumers worried. What extra steps can consumers take to disinfect their vegetables?

A. Not very much really. Once contamination has occurred on a leafy product, it's very, very difficult to wash it off, so we really have to rely on the industry to do its part. There's almost nothing you can do at home that will make a significant difference.

Q. Should consumers stop eating fresh vegetables in favor of canned produce?

A. No, there's no reason to do that. The outbreak is over. ... There's no reason to stop eating fresh vegetables. The health benefits far outweigh any risks. There are close to 2 million packages of leafy greens packaged every day. Of course 200 people got sick, and that's too many, but if you calculate the risk, it's really low. Also, you have to consider the FDA responded faster to this outbreak than any other in history.

Q. How can shoppers make sure the produce they're eating is safe?

A. They can't. You can't look at produce, or you can't look at red meat, or fish, or chicken, or anything and know if there's microbiological contamination, so all you can really do in those situations is depend on the food industry to do the right thing.

Q. What effect will the E. coli scares have on the produce market in the long term?

A. Very little. When people again feel safe, they will return to eating those vegetables.



So, is it safe to go back in the water?

Oklahoma Child ill with E. coli: Was it the spinach?

An article in The Oklahoman reports how E. coli O157:H7 infection and its complication, HUS can affect families.

All but one member of the Schulz family became ill with E. coli. Two-year-old Eliza is still hospitalized at Children's Hospital at the Oklahoma University Medical Center, undergoing kidney dialysis. 

Eliza's parents believe their family is part of the E. coli outbreak traced to contaminated spinach, but health officials have been unable to confirm their suspicions.
 

Spinach Producer Lays Off Workers

Natural Selections, the company whose produce was tied to a deadly E. coli outbreak in August and September, has laid off 164 workers, according to a story in the Monterey Herald.

The layoffs included 48 year-round employees, including eight sales people and 40 processing plant workers. The company still will have 1,012 employees and remains the largest employer in San Benito County.

Until the spinach crisis, Natural Selection Foods was increasing its work force in "a pretty aggressive growth mode" and had planned to buy Pride of San Juan's processing facilities.

Other plants have laid off workers or filed for bankruptcy as a result of the drop in spinach sales after the E. coli outbreak was traced to bagged spinach.
 

E. coli in Vegetables: Ohio State Study Looks at 'Under the Surface' Contamination, Role of Plant Diseases

Jeff LeJeune, a microbiologist with Ohio State University's Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, is leading a new research project aimed at determining the processes that impact growth and survival of E. coli O157 (the strain involved in the spinach outbreak) on and in vegetables.

LeJeune hope that he will be able to develop practical knowledge that could lead to new ways to reduce bacterial contamination in the produce that people are so encouraged to eat every day. The project includes an outreach component aimed at delivering educational programs that vegetable growers need to improve food safety.

Other collaborators in the project -- funded at more than $600,000 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service -- are the College of Wooster and Michigan State University.

Regardless of the source of contamination in the field, LeJeune explained, E. coli finds a way to survive and reproduce on the surface of vegetables -- and even worse, inside the plant tissue, where it cannot be washed off or killed by disinfectants. LeJeune and colleagues propose that the interaction between E. coli O157 and plant pathogens results in increased E. coli uptake, proliferation, exchange of antibiotic resistance genes, and protection from post-harvest disinfection.

In other words, if vegetables are under siege by plant diseases and become tainted with E. coli, the nasty foodborne bacteria will have a better chance of surviving and multiplying in our next fresh salad -- and it will be harder, if not impossible, to get rid of it.

Specifically, LeJeune and colleagues are trying to prove the following hypotheses:

  • In the presence of plant-pathogenic bacteria that secrete plant tissue-degrading enzymes, E. coli O157 will proliferate to greater numbers and is more likely to be systematically disseminated to edible plant tissues than in the absence of plant pathogens.
  • Pre-harvest contamination of edible plant surfaces with bacterial foodborne pathogens reduces the chance of success of post-harvest disinfection procedures, as E. coli O157 becomes protected in the plant tissue.
  • Plant pathogens serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes present in human pathogens, and these genes are transferred from plant pathogens to E. coli O157 in plant lesions.
  • Seeds produced by plants contaminated with foodborne pathogens will be contaminated internally with bacterial pathogens and produce contaminated products.

     

Hard times for spinach companies

Fox 28 out of South Bend, Indiana reported today that spinach processor ReadyPac, from nearby Michiana, will likely lay off over 200 workers who bag produce like spinach, lettuce and mixed salads.

More proof that this outbreak didn't just impact spinach growers from the Salinas Valley comes from a report in the Orlando Sentinel, which ran an article on AP Military Group, a company that filed for bankruptcy after its sales to the US military dropped off during the outbreak and its aftermath:

AP Military Group, a Palm Bay broker that helps supply salads for military families across the globe, said in its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in Orlando that its sales were dramatically impacted by last month's recall of spinach after an outbreak of E. coli was linked to the vegetable.

Elizabeth Green, an attorney representing AP Military, said the broker sustained up to a 50 percent decline in revenue after the Food and Drug Administration started advising consumers not to consume bagged spinach in mid-September.
 

Nebraska child recovering from E. coli O157:H7 infection

The Lincoln Journal-Star reports that a small child from Lincoln has been ill with an E. coli O157:H7 infection since the 4th of July.

Children can suffer various ailments when they become ill with E. coli. One of the worst conditions, hemolytic uremic syndrome, is a debilitating complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection that can lead to kidney failure, central nervous system impairment, and damage to organs such as the liver, heart, and lungs.

This latest E. coli outbreak linked to E. coli-contaminated spinach will leave many children with life-long complications from HUS.
 

Salinas Valley study to look at E. coli contamination

A team of scientists from UC Davis will begin a four-year study of the sources of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in the Salinas Valley before the end of the yar, according to an univeristy press release. The USDA and UC Davis have been planning the study, which is funded with a $1.2 million grant from the USDA, for four years.

This study was designed before the late summer 2006 outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 associated with spinach. Several previous outbreaks of the virulent bacteria were associated with contaminated Salinas Valley lettuce.

In the first two years of the study, crews will collect thousands of samples of domestic animal and wildlife droppings; creek, ditch and irrigation water; farm soil and lettuce growing on Salinas Valley farms. The data collected in the field will be carefully analyzed to identify the vertebrates that are sources of E. coli O157:H7, assess the climate, landscape attributes and irrigation management practices that are correlated with increased risk of contamination, and determine whether contaminated lettuce is associated with certain farming practices or environmental factors.
 

On Mexico's ban of US Lettuce

The Produce News reports that the health department of the government of Mexico, in an official memorandum dated Oct. 9, announced an immediate halt on the importation of all fresh lettuce from the United States including bulk lettuce and fresh salads containing lettuce, an action that baffled many in the U.S. produce industry.

The memo, which was written in Spanish and which originated from office of the Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks, noted that "this Sanitary Authority has knowledge" that "irrigation water used in the lettuce production fields in the Salinas Valley of California is contaminated with the bacteria E. coli." The memo stated that the ban was a precaution intended to minimize the risk to public health while "the source of contamination" was being identified.

Possible Raw Milk Ban in Washington?

Washington State legislators are looking into the possibility of banning raw milk.


However, some worry that banning raw milk altogether and making the sale of raw milk illegal will move sales of unpasteurized milk to an underground sales ring, where there would be no regulation and a greater risk of illness.

NPR Story on Spinach E. coli Litigation

NPR recently interviewed Ken Costello, a Nebraska man who became ill with E. coli after eating contaminated spinach, and whose mother-in-law died after also becoming ill with a spinach-linked E. coli infection.

The hospital had not tested her for E. coli as part of their routine testing. Costello had to seek independent testing on the spinach that had made both him and his mother-in-law ill, and later killed her.

Spinach, tainted by E. coli bacteria, has reportedly made about 200 people in two dozen states sick. At least three people are said to have died from the outbreak.

The radio station also interviewed Seattle attorney William Marler, who is representing Ken and more than 90 other individuals who became ill after eating contaminated spinach, who stressed that addressing irrigation issues may go towards helping to alleviate the problem.

Lawmakers and advocates are demanding federal authorities do more to eliminate the contamination.
 

Is it the cattle ranchers or the spinach farmers?

The Associated Press reports that cattle ranchers have been working to prevent fecal contamination in the Salinas Valley spinach and lettuce fields.

Ranchers were taking steps to keep livestock droppings from infecting produce long before the recent outbreak. These include designating watering holes for cattle so they don't drink from creeks that flow through farms and creating “buffer zones” that keep the animals away from water that could later be used to irrigate crops.

The evidence so far indicates the spinach farmer, who also has not been identified, didn't adhere to voluntary guidelines for vegetables meant to be consumed raw, said Kevin Reilly, deputy director of prevention services for the California Department of Health Services.

The San Jose Mercury News also reported that federal, state, and local investigators spent time Friday looking into one particular ranch near the spinach fields that may have been the source of the E. coli contamination.
 

Who's accountable for E. coli in our produce?

Michael R. Taylor, former administrator of USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service and FDA's deputy commissioner for policy, told the Baltimore Sun his opinion on who is at fault for the recent E. coli outbreak tied to tained spinach.

Despite repeated calls by the Government Accountability Office and the National Academy of Sciences to modernize the food safety laws and unify the food safety agencies, Congress hasn't budged, according to Taylor. He continues:

“The deadly form of E. coli that has sickened so many consumers who merely ate spinach or lettuce lives naturally and harmlessly in the gut of cattle - harmlessly, that is, until it is shed into a cow's manure and enters the food supply. This occurs through contamination of beef during the slaughter process or contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables as a result of manure infecting water supplies, birds picking up the bacteria in one field and depositing it in another, or any one of the many other ways bad bugs spread in the environment. The risk of someone getting sick is determined by such contamination events and by all the things that do or do not happen afterward to increase, reduce or eliminate the bacteria before they reach the dinner plate. For spinach, lettuce and other produce consumed raw, the only sure-fire protection is to prevent the contamination in the first place, and that's where the system breaks down.

No one is in charge of leading the research, regulatory and educational initiatives that would be required to discover and implement effective preventive measures, such as vaccines, competitive exclusion agents in animal feed and other innovative tools to prevent infections in animals.”
 

Consumers going organic

After the most recent E. coli outbreak traced to fresh produce, consumers are going organic - but not necessarily mass-produced organic. They're buying local, often at farmer's markets, according to the Associated Press.

"We've gone from an era when a food-borne outbreak was a potato salad at a church picnic to a multistate, national or even international outbreak affecting thousands," said Edward Belongia, an epidemiologist with the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Even farmers say regulating the massive food distribution network is an evolving process for them and the government agencies overseeing it.

"Generally by the time there's an outbreak, those fields are already plowed under, and when they go back, there's no way to trace the problem," said Tom Nunes, president of Nunes Co.

At the same time consumers are putting more thought into produce safety, the FDA and fresh produce farmers and distributors are working to find the source of E. coli contamination in the Salinas Valley. 
 

Dole and Natural Selections named in another E. coli lawsuit

Marler Clark filed a lawsuit today on behalf of the estate of June Dunning, a Haggerstown, Maryland, resident who was part of a nationawide E. coli outbreak traced to contaminated spinach.  Ms. Dunning suffered an intense E. coli O157:H7 infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome before passing away on September 15, 2006. 

The lawsuit filing coincides with a California Department of Health and Food and Drug Administration announcement that today test results from the E. coli investigation confirmed that the same genetic fingerprint of the E. coli bacteria isolated from bags of spinach was found in samples of cattle feces from a ranch near the spinach fields implicated in the outbreak:
"This is a significant finding because it is the first time we linked a spinach or lettuce E.coli O157:H7 outbreak to test results from a specific ranch in the Salinas Valley," said State Public Health Officer Dr. Mark Horton.  "Our follow-up investigation on this ranch is continuing today with the ongoing assessment of animal management, water systems and agricultural practices to clarify how the bacterial contamination of the spinach occurred."

The trace-back investigation was narrowed from nine implicated ranches to four ranches.  The outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle feces was identified on one of these four ranches.  At this time, testing of other environmental samples from all four ranches that supplied the implicated lot of contaminated spinach is in progress.  The positive test result is a significant finding, but is just one aspect of this investigation.  The next step in the investigation is determining how the E. coli pathogen contaminated the spinach.  These implicated fields on these four ranches located in Monterey and San Benito counties are not being used to grow any ready-to-eat produce.

If regulators don't know how the E. coli contamination occurred, what can they do to make salad safe?

The authors of an editorial in the Washington Post made some points about how to make our nation's food safety system more efficient and therefore, make our food safer.

In the editorial, they suggest that Congress should provide money to increase inspection staffing and inspection frequency at the FDA. Other suggestions include lawmakers requiring agencies responsible for food safety to institute a tracing system for food produced in the United States, and Congress giving the FDA the power to issue mandatory recalls of any tainted produce.

The article also mentions legislation that was introduced that would require food producers to establish steps so their products could be traced before they reach consumers.  The bill also calls for the creation of a single federal agency with responsibility for monitoring the safety of all foods.
 

FDA Statement on Foodborne E. coli O157:H7 Outbreak in Spinach

The FDA and the State of California announced today that test results from a field investigation of the outbreak of E.coli O157:H7 in spinach was found to be positive for E.coli O157:H7. Samples of cattle feces on one of the implicated ranches tested positive based on matching genetic fingerprints for the same strain of E. coli that sickened 199 people.

An FDA News report says that the trace back investigation has narrowed to four implicated fields on four ranches. The outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle feces was identified on one of these four ranches. At this time, testing of other environmental samples from all four ranches that supplied the implicated lot of contaminated spinach are in progress. The positive test result is a significant finding, but is just one aspect of this investigation. More information may come forward as the investigation continues.

The four fields, located in Monterey and San Benito counties, are not currently being used to grow any fresh produce. While the focus of this outbreak has narrowed to these four fields, the history of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks linked to leafy greens indicates an ongoing problem. As the FDA stated in its letter to the lettuce industry in November of 2005, the FDA continues to be concerned due to the history of outbreaks and the on-going risk for product contamination of leafy greens.

This investigation is on-going. FDA, the State of California, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Department of Agriculture are continuing to work closely to determine the cause and scope of the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to fresh spinach.
 

Testing standards needed for fresh produce

An editorial in the Los Angeles Times says that all farms must follow the same food safety practices, and that the FDA needs to develop specific guidelines for the fresh produce industry to follow so the industry can prevent fecal contamination from happening in the first place:

“In addition to testing, common safety practices involve locating fields at a distance from livestock operations in order to avoid contamination from manure. If farms use manure as a fertilizer, it's supposed to be pathogen-free, and even then there is generally a waiting period between fertilizing and planting. But not all farms follow all these practices, or to the same extent. In the spinach contamination case, investigators are examining manure from a cattle pasture next to the field. The strain of E. coli found in the manure is the same as that implicated in the deaths of three people who ate the contaminated spinach.

Each time there is an E. coli breakout, the state and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration demand that the industry clean up its act. The industry asks for precise guidelines on what to do, and it gets no answers. Regulators can start by outlining mandatory, common-sense safety practices to protect both public health and farming's reputation.”
 

Regional food safety lab needed in California

The Bakersfield Californian posted an editorial about the lack of a regional food safety lab in California. In it, the newspaper mentions that industrial scale processing, packaging and shipping of perishable items often leads to consumer consumption faster than regulatory agencies can react.

The Californian's editorial accused Rep. John Doolittle of kiilling an effort to put in a regional food safety lab at UC Davis by cutting $1 million from a $100 billion Agriculture appropriations bill.

Regional food safety labs bring together experts from the federal and state governments, as well as industry, whose work is complementary rather than as competition.

If the work of a regional lab fosters collaboration among scientists, the idea would be that food contamination could be discovered sooner and outbreaks could either be prevented or stopped while in their infancy instead of reacted to after they were full-blown. 
 

Minnesota E. coli outbreak report released

The Brainerd Dispatch reported an update on the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in Longville, Minnesota from this summer. The Minnesota Department of Health released its final report on the outbreak.

The USDA collected a sample of beef trimmings from a meat processing plant that yielded an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7. However, that MDH learned of this several days after the Longville outbreak began.

USDA would not report the name of the processing plant to the state health department or the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, and therefore it is unclear if the sample was from the plant MDH's and MDA's investigations find most likely.
 

Foxy lettuce recall adds to fear of bagged greens

Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon and Washington consumers were impacted by the recent recall of Foxy brand lettuce after the discovery of E. coli in irrigation water.

As of October 10, the company had recovered nearly all of the recalled lettuce, but a small portion of the product was thought to be consumed or in customers' refrigerators.

In an article for the New York Times, Jesse McKinley says, "contaminated lettuce has long been a source of concern for health authorities. In August, the F.D.A. announced the Lettuce Safety Initiative, meant to address E. coli outbreaks in the past decade that had been linked to fields in the Salinas Valley, about 100 miles south of San Francisco."

E. coli O157:H7 was not isolated from Foxy brand lettuce fields.
 

Organic isn't necessarily safer

In the wake of the recent E. coli outbreak traced to contaminated spinach, consumers have been turning to organic produce in efforts to try to protect themselves from the dangers of pathogenic bacteria that may be present on produce.

WCCO 4 News in Minneapolis says that it is important to remember that organic does not necessarily mean safer, a misconception that consumers may have.  Consumers need to educate themselves on what organic actually means – that often times fertilizer is animal-based waste material, the most common means of E. coli contamination.

Produce trade group working to increase confidence in safety of spinach

The Produce Marketing Association is making efforts to increase consumer confidence in what was previously a popular supermarket purchase - bagged spinach. The industry group is encouraging consumers to trust spinach growers and distributors to supply E. coli-free spinach to restaurants and grocery stores across the country.

In a letter, the Produce Marketing Association stated:

“While our members continually invest millions of dollars annually to analyze and enhance existing food safety systems, we have pledged to do more. With that in mind, the produce industry associations have pledged to learn everything we can from this outbreak and work together, as one industry, to enhance the steps already in place to safeguard the public health.

The produce industry will never forget that the greatest impact, and the one that must be our primary focus, is the impact to the consumers and their families affected by the illness. We are also keenly aware of the human toll this outbreak has taken on our industry. We are committed to doing everything possible to ensure this does not happen again.”
 

On the state of Monterey County irrigation water

Frank Pecarich, a retired soil scientist from Oakland, California, offered his opinion on Monterey County's policies regarding irrigation water for crops in the Salinas Valley in an article for the California Progress Report.

In the article he stated, "State regulators do not require growers to test irrigation water for contaminants. To us the cause seems apparent and at the same time the circumstance seemingly most glaringly ignored by investigators. For us, the main and continuing problem is the use of tertiary treated effluent to irrigate crops consumed fresh without cooking. In particular and most vulnerable are the soft tissue, leafy green vegetables, lettuce and spinach."

Minnesota Department of Health E. coli Report

The Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory have received three isolates of E. coli O157:H7 among members of Salem Lutheran Church in Longville, Minnesota. The church had recently held a funeral luncheon and their monthly summer potluck smorgasbord. Subsequently, multiple individuals reportedly became ill with cramps and bloody diarrhea.

MDA was informed that ground beef used to make meatballs for the smorgasbord was purchased at a grocery store in Longville. The following day, MDH learned that the USDA had recently isolated the outbreak subtype of E. coli O157:H7 from a sample of beef trimmings collected from a beef processing plant.

MDA attempted to trace back the beef received by the grocery store to see if it was the kind used to produce the ground beef that was purchased by the church. Based on timing and volume, the ground beef used by the church most likely originated from the 1,900 lb shipment of chuck rolls received by the grocery store.

However, the grocery store did not keep grinding records, so although it is highly likely that the contamination originated from the shipment of chuck rolls, there is no decisive proof.
 

New Food Safety Fact Sheet from the Food Safety Network

The Food Safety Network has a new Food Safety Infosheet titled, "E. coli found in cattle feces in spinach probe," and is available at the FS Net Web site.

Spinach E. coli Outbreak Update

Thirteen product samples have been confirmed to contain the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 that is responsible for a nationwide outbreak that has resulted in 199 confirmed illnesses and 31 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

There are now a total of 13 confirmed product samples that contain the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak strain.

  • The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment has confirmed the presence of the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 in a sample of Dole spinach with a lot code of P227A02, and a "best if used by" date of August 30, 2006.

  • The Ohio Department of Health confirmed the isolation of E. coli O157:H7, matching the outbreak strain, from a package of Dole Baby Spinach.

  • The Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services has confirmed that E. coli O157:H7, the same strain as that associated with the outbreak, has been found in 2 bags of Dole Baby Spinach with lot codes of P227A.

  • The Nevada Department of Health and Human Services has reported a confirmed finding of E. coli O157:H7 in bagged spinach, with a lot code of P227A03, matching the outbreak strain. The Nevada sample was analyzed by FDA Pacific Regional Lab NW.

  • The Pennsylvania Department of Health has confirmed that E. coli O157:H7, the same strain as that associated with the outbreak, has been found in 2 individual bags of Dole spinach purchased in Pennsylvania with a "best if used by" date of August 30, 2006, and a lot code of P227A01.

  • The Utah Department of Health (UDOH) and the Salt Lake Valley Health Department (SLVHD) have confirmed that E. coli O157:H7, the same strain as that associated with the outbreak, has been found in a bag of Dole Baby Spinach purchased in Utah, with a lot code of P227A01. Laboratory tests were conducted by the Utah Public Health Laboratory (UPHL).

  • The New Mexico Department of Health announced on September 20, 2006, that it had linked a sample from a package of Dole Baby Spinach with the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7. DNA fingerprinting tests determined that the strain from the spinach matches the strain from patients in the outbreak. The package of spinach that tested positive was Dole Baby Spinach, with a lot code of P227A03.

  • The Illinois Department of Public Health has confirmed that E. coli O157:H7, matching the outbreak strain, has been found in a package of Dole Fresh Spinach with a lot code of P227A02, and a "best if used by" date of August 30.

  • The Arizona Department of Health Services reported a confirmed finding of E. coli O157:H7 in Dole bagged spinach, with a lot code of P227A03, and a "best if used by" date of August 30, 2006, matching the outbreak strain.

  • The Nebraska Health and Human Services System reported a confirmed finding of E. coli O157:H7 in Dole bagged baby spinach, with a lot code of P227A01, and a “best if used by” date of August 30, 2006, matching the outbreak strain.

  • The Utah Department of Health reported a confirmed finding of E. coli O157:H7 in Dole bagged baby spinach, with a lot code of P227A01, matching the outbreak strain.

  • Spinach CSI - How a Mom broke the case

    As of Friday, three people had died from eating tainted spinach and 199 in 26 states were sickened during the outbreak. Officials still have not discovered how the spinach packaged by Natural Selection came to be contaminated, and they may never know, but they are confident the outbreak has been contained.

    Caroline and David Zientek are still anemic but recovering from battling kidney failure, brought on by hemolytic uremic syndrome, caused by E. coli.

    Their mother, Ana Maria Zientek, a nurse who suspected what made her children sick before the nation even knew there was an outbreak, is feeling largely vindicated. She no longer serves her family raw vegetables.
     

    Lettuce from Salinas Valley recalled over E. coli concerns

    Rachel Konrad of The Associated Press reports that Salinas-based Nunes Company Inc. has initiated a voluntary recall of green leaf lettuce purchased last week under the Foxy brand name. Foxy is one of the nation's largest suppliers of lettuce, celery, broccoli, vegetable platters and stir-fry mixes.

    Executives ordered the recall after learning that water used to irrigate lettuce fields may have been contaminated with E. coli.

    Lettuce purchased in grocery stores Oct. 3-6 in Arizona, California, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana is all subject to the recall. According to the article, contaminated lettuce also may have been sold to restaurant distributors.

    There is no indication that this lettuce is linked to the recent E. coli outbreak traced to contaminated lettuce sold in Canada.
     

    Sarpy County Woman Dies In E. coli Scare

    State health officials said on Friday that one of the three people in the country who died from contaminated spinach is from Sarpy County, Nebraska.

    Ruby Trautz, 81, of Bellevue got sick after eating spinach in late August. She died a short time later. Her daughter Polly and her husband Ken told KETV Channel 7 that neither they nor Trautz knew that she had contracted E. coli poisoning.

    The Costellos, who learned of Trautz’s diagnosis weeks after her death, believe that thousands of contamination cases have likely gone unreported.

    After several tests, state health officials confirmed the spinach Trautz ate was part of the tainted strain from California, but they don't expect to see any more Nebraska cases.
     

    CDC Update on Spinach-related E. coli Illnesses

    As of October 6, 2006, Friday, 199 persons infected with the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 have been reported to CDC from 26 states. Among the ill persons, 102 were hospitalized and 31 have developed a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome.

    Three deaths in confirmed cases have been associated with the outbreak. One was in an elderly woman from Wisconsin. Yesterday, Idaho confirmed that stool samples from a 2-year-old child with HUS who died contained E. coli O157 with a pattern that matches the outbreak strain. Today, Nebraska reported the death of an elderly woman with an illness compatible with E. coli O157 infection who consumed raw spinach.

    Maryland is investigating a suspect case in an elderly woman who died on September 13 and had recently consumed fresh spinach.
     

    U.S. opens criminal inquiry on health measures taken by spinach growers

    The New York Times reports that federal investigators have opened a criminal investigation into accusations that some California spinach growers and distributors failed to take adequate measures to ensure that their spinach was safe before selling it.

    Yesterday, agents of the FBI and the Office of Criminal Investigations in the FDA carried out search warrants at Natural Selection Foods of San Juan Bautista and Growers Express of Salinas.

    Natural Selection, a large distributor of fresh produce, had previously recalled its packages of fresh spinach.

    The E. coli Spinach Numbers Keep Rising

    To date, 192 cases of illness due to E. coli O157:H7 infection have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including 30 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, 98 hospitalizations and one death.

    The 26 affected states and numbers of illnesses in each state are:

    •    Arizona (7)
    •    California (2)
    •    Colorado (1)
    •    Connecticut (3)
    •    Idaho (4)
    •    Illinois (2)
    •    Indiana (11)
    •    Kentucky (8)
    •    Maine (3)
    •    Maryland (3)
    •    Michigan (4)
    •    Minnesota (2)
    •    Nebraska (9)
    •    Nevada (2)
    •    New Mexico (5)
    •    New York (11)
    •    Ohio (25)
    •    Oregon (6)
    •    Pennsylvania (9)
    •    Tennessee (1)
    •    Utah (18)
    •    Virginia (2)
    •    Washington (3)
    •    West Virginia (1)
    •    Wisconsin (49)
    •    Wyoming (1)

    In addition, Canada has one confirmed case.

    The FDA announced on Friday, September 29 that all spinach implicated in the current outbreak has traced back to Natural Selection Foods LLC of San Juan Bautista, California.
     

    Boy, 4, diagnosed with E. coli

    A 4-year-old Scott County child remains in critical condition Tuesday morning after being diagnosed with E. coli bacteria. The child is currently in a Lexington hospital.

    The father confirmed that the child had a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the United States, HUS is the principal cause of acute kidney failure in children, reports the Georgetown News-Graphic.

    How the child contracted E.coli remains unknown, and presently there have been no efforts to determine how the bacteria were contracted.  Because the exact cause of the Scott County child's E. coli is unknown and because the child did not eat spinach, it is not believed to be part of the national confirmed spinach case count.
     

    Wild pigs to be tested For E. coli

    As growers are getting their spinach back on the market, federal investigators will try to capture wild pigs and test them for the E. coli strain that killed one person and sickened dozens of others across the country in the national spinach-related outbreak.

    Several farms implicated in the E. coli outbreak also have cows on them and that E. coli samples taken from the fields have been connected to the cattle, but it is unknown if it's the same strain that's responsible for the outbreak.

    It has been four days since the ban on local spinach was lifted, but demand for the product is still low. Lawmakers are discussing a possible marketing campaign with growers and shippers in an effort to regain consumer confidence.
     

    E. coli found in cattle feces in spinach probe

    California officials have discovered E. coli in cattle feces on pastures near farms being investigated as possible sources of spinach contaminated with the bacteria, which caused a nationwide outbreak of food poisoning.

    Reuters reports that state investigators have obtained eight samples of cattle feces testing positive for E. coli. The samples are being retested to see if their bacteria strain matches the strain in 193 cases of food poisoning, including one confirmed fatality last month, all linked to tainted spinach.

    The bacteria could have been transmitted to the spinach by irrigation water, fertilizer, farm equipment or workers, livestock and wild animals, or it could have contaminated the spinach inside processing plants, during transport or on store shelves.

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has said that fresh spinach is safe to eat in the United States because all E. coli-tainted spinach had been recalled.
     

    CDC urges culturing suspected E coli samples

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is urging clinical labs to use bacterial cultures of stool specimens in suspected cases of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection to facilitate diagnosis and proper control measures.

    Failure to culture specimens can cause labs to mistake some other pathogen for E coli O157:H7, leading to inappropriate public health measures, the CDC says.

    There have been recent reports of false positive test results stemming from clinical labs that use enzyme immunoassay to look for the toxins created by E. coli.
     

    E. coli Investigation Continues in Death of Elderly Hagerstown Woman

    Health officials continue to investigate whether the death of an elderly Hagerstown woman is linked to the nationwide E. coli outbreak.

    The Maryland State Health Department tells NBC25 that it could be weeks before they know whether 86-year-old June Dunning died from E. coli poisoning after eating raw spinach.

    Health officials says a final determination may never be made. The outbreak of the E. coli killed at least one person and sickened 187 others in 26 states.
     

    3 kids from Van Buren daycare ill from E. coli

    At least three children enrolled at a Van Buren daycare center have been diagnosed with E. coli infection, and state health officials are investigating whether the outbreak is more widespread, according to the Northwest Arkansas News.

    Elite Kids Academy Inc. Preschool and Childcare is awaiting test results of 14 other children who have shown symptoms that could be E. coli, said owner Matt Harris.

    The daycare first alerted the state Health and Human Services Department last week that one child had a confirmed diagnosis from a private doctor. The center sought advice on protocols and other steps to take, Harris said.

    As a precaution, Elite Kids Academy will voluntarily close its doors today to deep-clean “every nook and cranny,” even though no one yet knows how or where the first child became infected, Harris said. The center will reopen Wednesday.
     

    Spinach shelved, but in a good way

    Fresh spinach started trickling back onto local grocery stores shelves this weekend and will slowly continue its produce section homecoming throughout the week, according to the Monterey County Herald.

    The news from the Monterey County Health Department this weekend saying local spinach was safe to sell again has been good news for producers such as Del Monte Produce, who had gone from selling two to three thousand pounds of baby spinach to none.

    A few customers have started to inquire about spinach, but it may still take some discounts to lure customers back.
     

    State lifts quarantine on raw milk producer

    The state is allowing a Fresno County dairy to resume producing raw milk products after a three-week investigation into four cases of E. coli poisoning in Southern California.

    "The recall and quarantine were lifted because Organic Pastures dairy met the requirements of the state to resume manufacturing operations," Steve Lyle, spokesman for the California Department of Food and Agriculture, told the Sacramento Bee.

    McAfee, the state's largest organic raw milk producer, was at the center of an inquiry by the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the Department of Health Services after four children became ill with E. coli poisoning.
     

    Schwarzenegger signs bill that ends secrecy about meat recalls

    California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed a bill that allows California public health officers to notify the public of the names of retailers that receive USDA-recalled meat and poultry, so that consumers can better protect themselves from food-borne illnesses, reports Common Dream Newswire.

    This responds to a 2002 agreement in which California’s Department of Health Services signed a secrecy agreement with USDA, agreeing not to release the names of the stores and restaurants where tainted, USDA-recalled beef and poultry have been shipped and sold.

    E. coli cases reported at local daycare center

    Cases of E. coli have been reported at Elite Kids Academy, Inc., Pre-School and Childcare in Van Buren, Arkansas.

    Sharon Harris, owner of the daycare, tells KFSM 5 News that she became aware of the situation when a little girl became sick at the center. The girl went to her doctor who determined that she had an E. coli infection. Since that time, at least two additional children have tested positive for E. coli and another 16 are showing symptoms and are being tested.

    The daycare remains open today, with about 40 children present and another 30 expected after school. They normally serve around 130 children.

    The center will close tomorrow as a precaution, but they hope to reopen as soon as Wednesday. If they are able to reopen on Wednesday, they will have a health department nurse present to check children for any signs of E. coli symptoms.
     

    Expert says E. coli spinach outbreak may be hard to solve

    As the FDA narrows the search for the cause of a nationwide outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 tied to bagged spinach, a specialist in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences said the incident may lead to tighter controls on food safety at the farm level.

    Luke LaBorde, an associate professor of food science who studies food-safety issues associated with fruits and vegetables, told Penn State Live that the FDA has been concerned about green, leafy vegetables having more than their share of contamination problems.

    "The FDA had been focusing on lettuce, and now they've added spinach to their 'alert list' of commodities," LaBorde said. "Once investigators determine how this occurred, the next step will be to find new methods to prevent this from happening again."
     

    Left holding the bags: My produce firm needed better FDA guidance in the E. coli outbreak

    Ted Keany of the Washington Post also works at Keany Produce Company in Landover, Washington. The day after the FDA's national warning for consumers to not eat fresh bagged spinach, the produce company wondered what to do with the spinach they did have.

    The FDA had not recalled all spinach, but they also had not identified any of the brands or packers that were affected. Nor did they specify whether or not the affected produce was in retail or food-service packaging.

    What they did know was that the outbreaks were mostly in the west and midwest, and that the bacteria was E. coli.

    When spinach isn't good for you

    A New York Times editorial comments on the recent spinach-related E. coli outbreak:

    “Just when many of us thought that eating lots of fresh green leafy vegetables was the key to good health, along comes an outbreak of bacterial contamination in bagged spinach that has frightened consumers and led to a recall of all affected brands. The contamination, detected only in spinach packaged at a particular processing plant in central California, reveals how silly we were to assume that spinach in sealed bags would necessarily be safer than fresh spinach exposed to the environment.”

    Raw milk - featuerd today in the Washington Post

    Thomas Bartlett of the Washington Post recently ordered some raw, unpasteurized milk from a Tennessee dairy that offers raw milk as pet food.

    Bartlett lives in Maryland, where raw milk is not offered in stores. Selling it is actually illegal there.

    Not only is it illegal, but it is also a violation of federal law to transport raw milk across state lines with the intent to sell it for human consumption. Hence, the dairy in Tennessee’s decision to sell their raw product as “pet food”.

    The dairy's Web site warns that "due to significant legal and liability issues, we cannot and will not answer questions regarding human consumption of these or any other raw milk products -- please don't ask."
     

    Food illnesses decline, CDC reports

    Despite the recent E. coli spinach outbreak, food may be safer now than at any other time in the last decade, with illness occurring at record-low rates, reports the Associated Press.

    Consumers get part of the credit, for handling food more safely at home, but experts say the biggest improvement came from better industry controls and inspections.

    "The food is actually cleaner to begin with," said Dr. Robert Tauxe, top food scientist at the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Certain germs have dramatically declined, and "that to me is really solid progress."

    However, Tauxe does stress that the trend could reverse in coming years if fruit and vegetable growers do not address problems like those that led to the spinach scare.
     

    Calif. growers must improve food safety, officials stress

    California health officials said Thursday that they still hoped to locate the source of the E. coli spinach contamination that has sickened at least 187 people in 26 states, killing one.

    Officials stressed that the state's farmers must do a much better job of adhering to safe agriculture practices to prevent future E. coli outbreaks. Those practices include making sure produce doesn't come into contact with the E. coli bacteria from irrigation water, fertilizer, animal droppings or unclean human hands, the Associated Press reported.

    Dairy farmer's state license revoked over raw-milk sales

    The state has revoked the milk-producing license of a northwestern Ohio dairy farmer accused of illegally selling raw milk after two people who drank raw milk from the farm became ill.

    The Agriculture Department said the Carol Schmitmeyer farm in Darke County processed milk without a processing license, sold raw milk and did not properly label its product.

    Instead of selling directly to consumers, which is illegal, the Schmitmeyers operated a herd-share program. Because they own part of the cow, the Schmitmeyers and supporters contend it is not illegal for them to take the raw milk.

    License revocation would mean the couple could not sell milk to a processor, and it would end their dairy business.

    The couple plan to appeal to Darke County Common Pleas Court.
     

    Raw milk products still quarantined

    State officials yesterday continued their quarantine of raw, unpasteurized milk products produced by Organic Pastures of Fresno because four children, including two 8-year-olds in San Diego County, became ill after consuming them.

    Stool samples from three of the four youngsters revealed E. coli 0157:H7, which can cause severe diarrhea and other potentially fatal complications.

    Two of the patients – a 7-year-old boy in Riverside County and a 10-year-old girl in San Bernardino County – remain hospitalized at Loma Linda University Medical Center.

    Mark McAfee, the owner of Organic Pastures, last week said he was convinced the children did not acquire 0157:H7 through his company's products, blaming tainted spinach instead. Tainted spinach is currently causing a national E. coli outbreak.
     

    Raw milk blamed for girl's illness from E. coli

    A Snohomish County, Washington girl is ill from E. coli after drinking unpasteurized milk from a dairy in Whatcom County.

    The milk came from Grace Harbor Farms, which sells its products in several counties through health food stores, PCC Natural Markets and Whole Foods Market.

    The state Department of Agriculture is investigating the dairy and its operations.
     

    FDA Announces Findings From Foodbourne E.coli Outbreak in Spinach

    All of the spinach implicated in the current outbreak has traced back to Natural Selection Foods LLC of San Juan Bautista, California. This determination by the FDA is based on epidemiological and laboratory evidence obtained by multiple states and coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    To date, 187 cases of illness due to E. coli O157:H7 infection have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including 29 cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), 97 hospitalizations and one death.
     

    Update on Multi-State Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections From Fresh Spinach, September 28, 2006

    187 persons have now been reported to have been infected with the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 according to the Centers for Disease Control.  97 were hospitalized, 29 developed a type of kidney failure called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), and one adult in Wisconsin has died. One hundred thirty-four were female and 18 were children under 5 years old.   It appears 82% became ill between August 19th and September 5th.

    There have also been two deaths in cases suspected to be related but not included in the official case count.  In Idaho a 2-year-old child with HUS died on September 20 and reportedly had recently consumed fresh spinach. E. coli O157 has not been detected in the child. In Maryland an elderly woman died on September 13 and had recently consumed fresh spinach. E. coli O157 was cultured from her stool, but “DNA fingerprinting” to determine whether it is the outbreak strain has not been possible.



    E. coli O157 was found in 9 packages of spinach supplied by patients living in 7 states. All packages were marketed as baby spinach and labeled with the same brand name. The “DNA fingerprints” of all 9 of these E. coli match that of the outbreak strain.

    FDA Announces Findings From Investigation of Foodborne E. coli O157:H7 Outbreak in Spinach

    All of the spinach implicated in the current outbreak has traced back to Natural Selection Foods LLC of San Juan Bautista, California. This determination by the FDA is based on epidemiological and laboratory evidence obtained by multiple states and coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 


    To date, 187 cases of illness due to E. coli O157:H7 infection have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including 29 cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), 97 hospitalizations and one death.

    Tests show Idaho toddler had E. coli

    Test results show that a 2-year-old who died after eating spinach was sickened by E. coli bacteria, but it's too soon to conclusively link the boy's illness with the nationwide tainted spinach case.


    The Associated Press reported Kyle Allgood, who would have turned 3 in December, died Sept. 20 at Primary Children's Medical Center in Salt Lake City. He had developed a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome, which can strike those ill with E. coli.

    Kudos to the Insurance Companies for Dole and Natural Selections

    Seattle-based attorney Bill Marler, who says he represents 86 victims in 25 states, called the payment of out-of-pocket expenses "a good first step." Marler -- who has made a career representing victims of food-borne illnesses, beginning with the 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak -- said he has spoken with attorneys for Natural Selection and Dole. "It's a good thing then a corporation does that early rather than waiting forever," he said. "I encouraged them to do it for everyone, not just my clients, and obviously that's what they've done. And I commend them for doing it."

    The nine bags of baby spinach now linked by DNA testing to the national E. coli outbreak all held conventional rather than organic produce and all were sold under the Dole label, state health officials said Thursday in an interview with the LA Times.

    

The nine bags were packaged by Natural Selection Foods at the same facility in San Juan Bautista on August 15th.
     

    E. coli effects can last a lifetime

    When she was 10 years old, Brianne Kiner became the public face of one of the country's worst outbreaks of food poisoning.

    According to the LA Times report, Brianne suffered from hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS, the most dreaded consequence of E. coli O157:H7 infection and the most common cause of kidney failure in children under 18. Of the 171 cases identified so far in the current spinach-related outbreak, 27 have been diagnosed with HUS. One person has died. Two other deaths are under investigation.

    The death rate from HUS is 3% to 5%, doctors say. Ten percent of patients survive but have long-term kidney damage and may eventually require dialysis or a transplant.  Brianne’s case was so severe that just about everyone expected her to die. She was the last to leave the hospital among those stricken in the Jack-in-the Box outbreak that sickened hundreds and killed four.

    During the months she was laid up, the toxin produced by the bacteria attacked her brain, kidneys and liver, putting her in a coma for 40 days. She suffered strokes and seizures. Her infected pancreas lost the ability to produce insulin, and she developed diabetes. Doctors removed part of her inflamed intestine.

    The $15.6-million settlement the Kiners won in 1995 from Jack-in-the-Box provides for Brianne’s support. She now lives on her own and takes community college classes part time – routine milestones for a 23-year-old, but they represent hard-won autonomy for someone stricken as severely as she was. Every three months, she visits her endocrinologist to check her diabetes, but she pronounces her health – and life – “Good.”

    E. coli is commonly found in cow manure and passed to people though contaminated food. Most strains are ubiquitous and relatively harmless.

    But somewhere along the way, E. coli O157:H7 evolved the ability to produce lethal toxins that can cross the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream.  The toxins flock to receptors in the kidneys, where they kill small blood vessels and clog waste filters. They can also harm the pancreas, liver and heart. Death is often a result of toxins infecting the brain and causing strokes or swelling. Sometimes, the damage reveals itself years later.  Each kidney has about a million filters. On average, most people lose about 20% of these filters by the time they’re 80, just through wear and tear.

    What saves the vast majority of children who fall ill from HUS is the resilience of the human body. Virtually nothing can be done to fight the infection once it is underway. Treatment consists of supporting the patient – from something as simple as hydration, all the way to dialysis – while the body fights off the toxins.

     

    Spinach Tests Narrow E. coli Probe

    Two bags of Dole baby spinach that tested positive for the E. coli strain that has sickened 175 people nationwide were packaged at the same plant on the same day, California health officials told The Associated Press Monday.

    That information has helped investigators tracing the source of the tainted greens narrow their search to nine farms in three California counties linked to grower Natural Selection Foods LLC.

    

The tainted bags, which were found in Utah over the weekend and in New Mexico last week, were processed at Natural Selection Food’s San Juan Bautista plant during the same shift on August 15, 2006. The firm packages spinach under many brand names, including Dole.

    

It is too soon to say whether any other brands besides Dole would turn out to have been contaminated. Inspectors are focusing exclusively on Natural Selection at this point.
     

    Operations halted at plant linked to spinach uproar

    The company at the center of the E. coli outbreak has stopped operations at a plant where it processed spinach traced to several cases, state health officials said Tuesday in an interview with The Sacramento Bee.

    

Also Tuesday, eight more cases of E. coli linked to tainted spinach were confirmed by federal health officials.

    Pittsford woman files E. coli lawsuit

    The Monroe County resident sickened by eating E. coli-tainted spinach is suing companies in California and Delaware for an illness that required a trip to the hospital.

    It was reported in the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle that Rochester lawyer Paul Nunes filed a complaint in U.S. District Court late Tuesday afternoon on behalf of his client, Patricia Ann McCoy of Pittsford, who alleges she contracted a severe gastrointestinal illness after eating a bag of Dole brand baby spinach she bought from Martin's Super Food Store in Perinton on or about August 21st, 2006.

    McCoy ate a number of spinach salads in late August, and on August 31st began experiencing abdominal cramps and diarrhea. McCoy alleges her symptoms worsened to bloody diarrhea and on September 3rd she went to Highland Hospital, where she received intravenous fluids and had diagnostic tests done. She left the hospital later that evening.

    E. coli investigation update

    The local health department began an investigation after more than a dozen people came down with a severe stomach ailment. We first brought you the story when doctors diagnosed three of deputy Mark King's children with an E. coli infection. Health investigators also determined that five other people contracted the bacteria. 



    WDEF News 12's Rebecca Cruz reports the probe indicates several of the victims ate at Ryan's Buffet in Hixson. Ten of 14 people who got sick back in July say they ate at Ryan's Buffet in Hixson. Investigators now confirm that eight of them contracted the E. coli bacteria. Five dined at Ryan's on July 8th. 


    More E. coli infected spinach found

    More bags of spinach tainted with toxic E. coli bacteria have been found and could help investigators track down an outbreak that may have killed three people, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in an interview with an Reuters on Tuesday.

    Investigators found the bags in Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Ohio. The CDC said the DNA "fingerprint" of the strain isolated in Pennsylvania matches that of the outbreak strain. "'DNA fingerprinting' is underway on the strains isolated in Illinois and Ohio," the CDC said in a statement. 



    183 people in 26 states had been confirmed with E. coli O157:H7 infections in the outbreak. The Toronto Star newspaper said a woman in Canada's Ontario province had also been infected.
     

    FDA statement on foodborne E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach

    According to a statement released by the FDA, 183 cases of illness due to E. coli O157:H7 infection have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to date, including 29 cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, 95 hospitalizations and one death.

    E. coli is confirmed in Marion County girl, 11

    A second case of E. coli poisoning in the widespread outbreak blamed on fresh spinach has been confirmed in Marion County, the Oregon Public Health Division said in an interview with The Statesman Journal Monday.

    An 11-year-old girl was confirmed late Friday as having illness caused by E. coli O157:H7 infection. She was not hospitalized and did not develop complications associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome. 



    The case was confirmed by the Oregon Public Health Division and reported Saturday to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The girl is the sixth confirmed case in Oregon.

    Third Smoking bag

    A bag of Dole-brand baby spinach bought in western Pennsylvania is the third one in the nation tied to a deadly E. coli strain, Pennsylvania health officials said Tuesday.

    The Associated Press Reports The Pennsylvania Department of Health positively identified a sample of fresh bagged spinach that contains the strain of E. coli involved in the 
national outbreak.

    Pennsylvania is the third state to find this strain of E. coli in a sample of fresh bagged spinach.

    Spinach - unsafe at any temperature

    Doctors from the FDA, CDC and Washington University School of Medicine held a conference call earlier today to update the medical community on the E. coli outbreak according to The Associated Press.

    In addition to providing an update on cases and recalls, the scientists also offered this advice: Don't cook raw spinach in an attempt to kill E. coli.

    While cooking raw spinach to a temperature of 160°F for 15 seconds can kill the bacteria, the scientists pointed out that few consumers have the ability to precisely gauge the temperature at which their food is being cooked; consumers who handle raw spinach also run the risk of cross-contaminating other foods. Consumer Reports concurs.

    While you should still be able to cook and consume frozen and canned spinach, you should avoid all raw spinach and raw spinach-containing foods, and should not attempt to cook raw spinach.

    Spinach From Out Of Area Gets Labels

    The spinach business came to a slamming halt when the Food and Drug Administration warned consumers against eating all fresh spinach due to E. coli.

    It was reported in the Monterey County Herald that some producers with spinach from outside of San Benito, Santa Clara and Monterey counties -- still implicated in the FDA investigation -- are in the process of putting stickers on their bags or otherwise looking for ways to let consumers know where the spinach is grown -- or not grown.

    "The whole point is to tell you it's not from California," said Bruce Taylor, CEO and chairman of Salinas-based Taylor Farms, who said the labeling process would only darken the local industry's black eye in the marketplace.

    Putting stickers on spinach is not a solution that will benefit companies which have been implicated by investigators.  Nor is it a solution to get spinach back in the market and start rebuilding consumer confidence.

    Canadian woman becomes sick from US E. coli-tainted spinach

    A Canadian woman was recently hospitalized after eating spinach from the United States tainted with E. coli bacteria according to a Canadian Food Inspection Agency spokesman. 
In an interview with AFP, it is reported that the strain killed one woman and made 172 people ill in 25 US states in recent months, prompting a massive dumping of spinach from store shelves throughout the continent.

    Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria causes diarrhea, often with bloody stool. Although most healthy adults can recover completely within a week, some people's kidneys fail from hemolytic uremic syndrome.

    Ninety-two Americans have been hospitalized since the first case was reported on August 2, US officials said, and a large number of them have experienced some degree of kidney failure.

    In the United States, an estimated 73,000 cases of E. coli infection, 61 of which end in death, occur each year, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    North of the border, the CFIA advised consumers not to eat fresh US spinach, "including bagged, loose in bulk or in salad blends."

    Another Smoking Bag of Spinach

    A bag of spinach bought in Utah in August has tested positive for E. coli according to the Associated Press. It's the second bag in the country to test positive for the strain of E. coli linked to the national outbreak.

    Meantime, the number of sick people linked to bad spinach keeps going up. In Utah, 17 people have gotten sick from E. coli. Now a bag of spinach one of them bought has tested positive for the bacteria.



    Bad spinach is now being blamed for 171 illnesses in 25 states. So far, more than half of the sick people have been hospitalized, including a Wisconsin woman who died.



    The death of 2-year old Kyle Allgood of Idaho may also be related, although preliminary test results were inconclusive.


    Family shares memories of E. coli victim

    After a story ran Friday in The Morning Herald and The Daily Mail, reporters and television satellite trucks waited outside the home of Warren and Corinne Swartz of Hagerstown.

    The couple received many interview requests after word got out about the death of Corinne’s mother, June E. Dunning, from E. coli, possibly due to tainted spinach.

 After a day to themselves, the Swartz’s invited media into their home on Saturday to share memories of Dunning, and retell the days before she died September 13th at age 86.



    Dunning’s death certificate lists E. coli 0157:H as a cause, but Warren Swartz said Saturday that other paperwork confirms the strain as 0157:H7. That is the strain that has sickened at least 166 people in 25 states who ate fresh spinach, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

    A Wisconsin woman’s death has been attributed to bad spinach.  The deaths of Dunning — who ate bagged spinach three times in five days before she was hospitalized — and a 2-year-old Idaho boy are being studied for possible connections to the outbreak.
     

    Technology, eating habits help to spread E. coli

    Public health officials tell the San Francisco Chronicle that it's impossible to know how long E. coli 0157:H7 has been around. People likely were sickened by it for years, or even decades, before doctors identified it.

    But the reason outbreaks have become more common in the past 25 years, health officials agree, is because technology has been developed to identify and connect strains of bacteria and because the nation's eating habits have changed -- we eat mass-processed foods that make it easier for contaminated products to reach more people.

    

Over the years, technology has become increasingly complex as federal health officials searched for ways to identify outbreaks more quickly. The technique used today, known as PulseNet, allows a microbiologist to track the "paternity" of a unique strain of 0157:H7, and, thereby, tell if isolated cases that appear around the country are connected.



    The first E. coli outbreaks in the United States were in ground beef partly because E. coli bacteria live in cows, and partly because ground beef was among the first food products to be highly processed and mass-distributed via fast-food outlets.

    
In the 1990s, the source of the outbreaks spread to fruit and vegetables. In the past decade there have been 20 such outbreaks, including the most recent one. The last nine outbreaks involved leafy greens that were packaged into salad mixes.



    The problem with those salad mixes is the same problem the meat industry ran into -- a very small amount of contaminated vegetable can spread the E. coli bacteria to hundreds or thousands of packages when it's mixed in a processing plant. That was the case with bagged spinach.



    With meat, solving the problem meant simply cooking it at a high enough temperature to kill the bacteria. But raw vegetables may prove more challenging because there's not a lot that can be done once the produce has been contaminated. Washing produce isn't necessarily enough to get rid of E. coli.



    For now, federal and state investigators are searching farms in the Salinas Valley for clues as to what caused the contamination in spinach. But they may never know the answer. And to some degree, bacteria are always going to be living in our food supply.

    53% Of E Coli Cases Hospitalzed, 16% Developed Kidney Failure

    Medical News Today reports that of the 166 cases of E. coli poisoning reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 88 were hospitalized and 27 developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome, a type of kidney failure. 118 of all patients were female, 48 were male (12 were children).

    One person from Wisconsin has died. Two more people are thought to have died as a result of becoming ill after eating raw spinach infected with E. coli O157:H7. 



    31% of the infected children, 7% of adults aged 18-59, and 16% of people over 60 developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 90% of people who became ill did so between August 19th and September 5th.

     

    FDA Statement on Foodborne E. coli O157:H7 Outbreak in Spinach

    As reported by the Associated Press, 171 cases of illness due to E. coli O157:H7 infection have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including 27 cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, 92 hospitalizations and one death.  25 states have reported cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection.

    CSI SPINACH

    The federal disease detectives now tracking bad spinach heard the first alarms on an otherwise quiet Friday, 14 days ago.

    Since then, the food-borne illnesses have spread to at least 23 states. Hot on the heels have been scientists and public health officials, who are deploying the microscope, the Internet and an adrenaline-laced intellect familiar to fans of the CSI television franchise.

    The McClatchy Tribune reports that Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now have about 80 people devoted to tracking the outbreak of E. coli-related diseases. Some investigators are members of the Epidemic Intelligence Service, working closely with state health departments. Some of their tools were forged in the wake of past E. coli outbreaks.

    On September 7, a 77-year-old retired bank clerk from a small Wisconsin town bordering Lake Michigan died from kidney failure attributed to E. coli. Several children had also fallen severely ill in early September, and a total of five adults had been stricken. So September 8, Wisconsin officials signed onto a password-protected federal database called PulseNet and filed reports of what they had.

    Coordinated by the CDC, PulseNet is a network that was created after a 1993 E. coli outbreak. It includes a database stocked with some 32,000 images of E. coli samples. An Internet chat room enables officials to share observations.

    Several thousand miles away, Oregon officials were sifting through their own evidence.  Not yet aware of the Wisconsin cases, Oregon public health officials learned of three E. coli cases shortly after 6 p.m. on September 8.

    But by September 12, two more E. coli cases appeared in Oregon. That said Dr. William Keene, Oregon's senior epidemiologist, "kicked into high gear" the state's detective efforts. Melissa Plantenga, a special-studies coordinator with the Oregon Department of Human Services, set about calling the five victims with a 400-question survey.

    "It's essentially a laundry list of every food we can imagine," Keene said. "The thing that jumped out at us was that four out of the five said they had eaten bagged spinach."

    Plantenga, a 30-year-old researcher who had previously tracked contaminated almonds, then punched "spinach and E. coli" into the Google search engine. Bingo. She found a 2003 case in which 13 residents of Sequoias Retirement Village in California's Portola Valley were sickened after eating raw spinach.

    State and private-public health labs handle the hands-on scientific work. They pick through the bloody stools of patients in search of what's formally called Escherichia coli 0157:H7. The numbers help catalog the bacteria, which are barely 2 microns long. That's tiny. The period at the end of this sentence may be about 615 microns wide.

    Maine discovers its third case of E. coli illness

    Maine health officials told Maine Today they have found a third case of a resident becoming sick from the same strain of E. coli bacteria involved in a nationwide outbreak.

    The case occurred in late August, the same time that the other two cases in the state occurred, a spokesman for the Maine Department of Health and Human Services said.

    Dozens of people around the country have been sickened by spinach that has been contaminated by the bacteria, and one death has been reported. Investigators have traced the contamination back to farms in California. 

    State officials said the latest case, involving a Kennebec County woman, was not initially uncovered in a review last week of E. coli cases in the state since August 1. The spokesman said the sample from that woman was in a different lab and wasn't linked to the review and genetically matched until Wednesday. 



    The E. coli in all three samples matches the genetic fingerprint of the bacteria involved in the nationwide outbreak, state health officials said. The other two Maine cases were in Kennebec and Aroostook counties. 

All three of those sickened have recovered.

    Mystery grips Salinas

    The San Jose Mercury News reports that investigations into the latest in a 10-yr string of E. coli outbreaks is forcing food producers to re-examine their entire process, tracing a path from the seed in the ground to the salad on the table.

    This time the tainted produce is spinach, with one death and 146 people sickened in 23 states after eating contaminated spinach traced back to the Salinas Valley. This valley has been implicated in eight of 19 previous outbreaks of potentially deadly E. coli O157:H7 since 1995, most involving lettuce.

    This past week, investigators fanned out across the Salinas fields, suspecting the most likely source of contamination initially is on the farm somewhere.

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture has credited the boom in spinach and lettuce sales to the advent in the early 1990s of pre-washed greens in sealed bags. California farmers sold $258 million of spinach last year alone, a huge jump from the $56 million sold in 1995.

    Growers say they're constantly fine-tuning the way they prepare the soil, irrigate, fertilize and harvest. The industry also follows its own guidelines. Despite such voluntary guidelines, contamination of a crop from a neighboring cow pasture seems a reasonable possibility when one takes a drive along Metz Road between Soledad and King City. Along this winding two-lane road, cattle graze just uphill from farms, and ditches take potentially manure-tainted rainwater through culverts directly into fields full of lettuce.

    Scientists are also looking at the next stage: harvesting. They are looking into whether or not workers are failing to follow proper hygiene practices, or if occasional government inspections actually guarantee that iceberg lettuce isn't tainted by a dirty knife the moment it's removed from the ground.

    Spinach growers hammer out safety plan

    California produce growers and processors hope to salvage what's left of the spinach season and stop millions of dollars in losses by drafting new food-safety measures. 



    The Associated Press reports that federal officials have required the industry to adopt the measures before they will lift a week-old consumer warning on fresh spinach.

    Search of fields for E. coli could take another week

    It's likely to be at least another week before federal and state investigators conclude their search of Salinas Valley farms, looking for the source of the nationwide E. coli outbreak in spinach.

    The Monterey County Herald reports that regulators told the industry that the investigation -- along with guidelines the industry is now working on to strengthen food safety processes -- will be key prerequisites for the Food and Drug Administration to lift a week-old warning against all fresh spinach.

     

    Spinach Scare's Larger Warning

    Even as government health experts urge Americans to eat more fruits and vegetables, federal rules for protecting consumers from such hazards as the current E. coli outbreak from contaminated spinach are weaker than for meat and poultry.

    And as food-borne illnesses attributed to produce appear to be rising, budget squeezes have federal regulators retreating rather than attacking. Compliance with safety guidelines on the handling of produce is voluntary and federal inspectors conduct fewer and fewer checkups, according to government documents and LA Times interviews with consumer groups and a top former Food and Drug Administration official. 



    For example, since the FDA hired inspectors in the wake of bioterrorism concerns after the Sept. 11 attacks, the government has been steadily thinning their ranks. The number of FDA staff in field offices around the country shrank from 2,217 in 2003 to 1,962 currently, budget documents indicate.

     

    Spinach Firm Has Permit Troubles

    The spinach-packaging company in the cross hairs of an investigation into a nationwide E. coli outbreak has struggled to manage its wastewater and is in violation of a state water disposal permit, according to public records and state officials.

    The Sacramento Bee reports that there is no indication these problems at Natural Selection Foods contributed to the current outbreak; by Wednesday investigators had not pinpointed a single source. But federal officials said wastewater management and processing habits at Natural Selection and other companies have not been ruled out.

    Organic Milk Recall

    Organic Pastures of Fresno County is the subject of a statewide recall and quarantine order announced by California State Veterinarian Dr. Richard Breitmeyer and reported on KSEE-TV NBC 24 Fresno.

    The recall states that all Organic Pastures whole and skim raw milk is to be pulled from retail shelves immediately. Consumers are being strongly urged to throw away any milk remaining in their refrigerators. 



    Organic Pastures is not permitted to produce raw milk for the retail market until further notice. The order also affects raw ice cream and raw colostrum, also produced by the company. 



    The quarantine was issued after a report of raw milk causing a bacterial illness in a 10-year old girl from San Bernardino County. An investigation by the California Department of Health Services detected two additional bacterial illnesses in children consuming raw milk. One was a 7-year old boy from Riverside County, the other an 8-year old San Diego County girl.
     

    At E. coli hunt's end, a safety standards gap

    It took exactly 14 days, says The Washington Post, from the time state health officials in Wisconsin noticed five cases of E. coli O157:H7 in the same county until investigators arrived Wednesday at a field in California's Salinas Valley in search of the bacteria that ended up in bagged spinach and sickened 157 people in 23 states.

    The outbreak -- the largest, in terms of victims, caused by fresh produce -- has exposed strengths and weaknesses in the highly fragmented U.S. food safety system. And the extent of it has federal officials talking about imposing tougher regulation.
     

    Death of child may be linked to E. coli

    KUTV of Salt Lake City is reporting that an Idaho toddler has died in a Utah hospital from a kidney disease associated with E. coli infection. The infection may be linked to the national outbreak traced to contaminated packaged spinach, health officials said.

    Kyle Algood, 2, of Chubbuck, Idaho, died Wednesday at Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City from hemolytic-uremic syndrome, said Dr. Christine Hahn, said epidemiologist for the Idaho Department of Health. The boy was flown to the Utah hospital earlier in the day from Portneuf Medical Center in Pocatello, Idaho.
     

    Officials consider spinach labeling plan

    Like fine wine and cheese, spinach could be labeled with a place of origin to reassure shoppers jittery about an E. coli outbreak linked to leafy greens grown in California, says health officials.

    Federal health officials told The Associated Press that more explicit labeling was just one proposal under consideration for allowing fresh spinach back on the market.

    Others include stepped-up regulation of how spinach is grown and processed.
     

    West Virginia resident reported to have E. coli

    West Virginia Media reports that the Wheeling-Ohio County Health Department announced today that an Ohio County resident is said to have E. coli.

    Surrounding states have reported cases of the disease, but the Ohio County report is the first in West Virginia. Tests are being conducted in Virginia to determine whether the disease is related to a nationwide outbreak connected with eating fresh spinach.  

    Consumers across the country have been advised not to eat fresh spinach or salad blends containing raw spinach.

    Including the case in Ohio County, 147 people in 24 states are sick from eating spinach thought to be tainted by E.coli.

    Canned, frozen or already prepared spinach, such as that found in frozen dinners, is said to be safe.

    Tainted spinach-farmers

    California produce growers and processors worked to draw up new food-safety measures as government investigators trying to pinpoint the source of the deadly E. coli outbreak narrowed their search to three counties.

    Western Growers, an industry group representing about 3,000 fruit and vegetable farmers in California and other states tells The Associated Press they plan to unveil a proposal Thursday for protecting produce from the bacteria that have killed one person and sickened at least 146 others across the country since last month.

    Investigators found a contaminated bag of Dole baby spinach Wednesday at the New Mexico home of a person who fell ill. The spinach was packaged by Natural Selection Foods, a San Juan Bautista company that packages salad greens sold under dozens of brands.

    After analyzing the strain of E. coli bacteria in the bag, investigators said they believe it probably originated in at least one of nine farms and several processing plants in California's Monterey, San Benito or Santa Clara counties.

    E. coli is often spread by human or animal waste. Inspectors have been looking at the possibility that the germ was spread by contaminated irrigation water, workers relieving themselves in the fields, or some other means.

    Napolitano: Arizona shouldn't try to exploit spinach problem

    Governor Napolitano says it'd be wrong for Arizona to try to gain an agricultural advantage over California because of the nationwide E. coli outbreak.

    Health authorities are hunting the source of the outbreak in Arizona and numerous other states but are zeroing in on California's Salinas Valley. California is the source of three-quarters of the nation's fresh spinach crop.

    Arizona farmers also grow spinach, and KTAR radio reports Napolitano was asked during her weekly news conference today whether Arizona should try to somehow take advantage of the situation for the benefit of the state's agricultural situation.  She rejected that idea, saying she wouldn't want to exploit the situation.

     

    E. Coli outbreak reveals lapses in food inspection: Agriculture industry loosely regulated

    The expanding E. coli spinach outbreak, which now has sickened 146 victims in 23 states, is prompting calls for an overhaul of how food inspection is done in the United States, with a focus on getting rid of a patchwork approach that leads to loopholes and leaves the industry mostly policing itself.

    Mary Anne Ostrum, Lisa Kreiger and Ken McLaughlin of the San Jose Mercury News reported that demands from top consumer groups and others came as the federal Food and Drug Administration announced Wednesday that a bag of spinach found in the refrigerator of a sickened New Mexico resident definitively links the outbreak to Natural Selection Foods. The San Juan Bautista company has already recalled nearly three dozen brands of spinach that it processes.

    

Through codes on the bag, the FDA has traced the spinach back to a growing region encompassing Monterey, San Benito and Santa Clara counties. 

Still, officials recommend that consumers avoid eating any fresh spinach products.

    Elderly Tucson man recovering from symptoms of E. coli-tainted spinach

    Late last week, the spinach industry came to a halt as E. coli bacteria has been found in pre-packaged bags of fresh -- not canned -- spinach across the country.

    Arizona’s KVOA News 4 reported that The Centers for Disease Control is warning everyone to toss out any bags of fresh spinach, no matter what the brand. 



    Tainted spinach has been found in 23 states, mostly in the west, and now you can add Colorado and Arizona to the list.   One person is dead, 146 people are sick and 76 hospitalized as a result of the contamination.
     

    5-year-old Harford boy may have contracted E. coli from spinach

    The Harford County Health Department is awaiting the results of a culture taken from a 5-year-old boy who may have contracted the strain of E. coli that has been linked to contamination of flat-leaf spinach.

    According to Matthew Plum of TheExaminer.com in Baltimore the case was first reported to the health department last week; about the same time recalls for flat-leaf spinach were issued across the country. According to the Food and Drug Administration, the contaminated spinach originated in California.

    

It is not yet known whether the 5-year-old boy contracted E. coli O157:H7 — the strain that has been linked to the spinach contamination.

    Earthbound suddenly mum about E. coli link to plant

    Once a readily accessible media darling celebrated for its eco-friendly business practices and humble beginnings, Earthbound Farm shied away from public scrutiny almost entirely Wednesday after investigators found E. coli bacteria in spinach that had been processed at the company's San Juan Bautista plant.

    During a hastily called news conference, Earthbound Farm spokeswoman Samantha Cabaluna read a prepared statement and answered a few questions before being hustled back into the plant by company officials, according to The Monterey County Herald.

    Cabaluna acknowledged that the E. coli-contaminated Dole baby spinach is directly connected to Earthbound Farm. She said all Dole spinach is processed by the local plant, although Cabaluna pointed out that some Dole spinach is not grown by Earthbound Farm.

    However, Cabaluna stopped short of acknowledging that Earthbound Farm is a possible source for the nationwide E. coli outbreak.
     

    State lab confirms 7th Kentucky case

    The state laboratory in Frankfort has confirmed a seventh case of E. coli bacteria infection thought to be linked to the nationwide outbreak from tainted fresh spinach.

    A male teen-aged Kenton County resident received outpatient treatment for the illness, a particular strain of E. coli O157:H7, said Gwenda Bond, spokeswoman for the Kentucky Department for Public Health reports the Lexington Herald-Leader.

    Of the six previously confirmed cases, an Oldham County woman remains hospitalized. In addition to the Kenton County case, two cases have been identified in Oldham County, two in McCracken, one from Hopkins and one from Jefferson.

    The Department for Public Health also reminds people to continue to avoid eating fresh spinach products to avoid potential infection.
     

    Spinach not tied to E. coli in Denver

    The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment announced Wednesday that a test on a Denver resident showed that that person's E. coli was not related to eating bagged spinach, and that the two Denver residents must have been infected in some other way.

    Meanwhile, a Gunnison resident's test did come back as spinach-related E. coli.

    Two other Colorado cases - both from Boulder - remain, and those test results should be announced today or Friday, reports the Rocky Mountain News.

    The bag of Dole baby spinach tested positive for the same strain of E. coli linked to the outbreak, said Dr. David Acheson of the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Dole is one of the brands of spinach recalled Friday by Natural Selection Foods LLC, of San Juan Bautista, California.

    More than 100 people in 23 states have been sickened by E. coli, which probably got into the spinach in the fields of northern California by way of water, contaminated with cow manure being sprayed on the fields.

    Sonja Tuitele, spokeswoman for Wild Oats markets, said the Boulder-based market will be looking for written assurance from the FDA that the only spinach suspected of being contaminated was grown in California. If everything goes well, she said, fresh spinach could be back in the vegetable bins by the weekend.
     

    How to save spinach

    When food turns deadly, old-fashioned detective work, modern technology and an appropriate sense of urgency are the best weapons to fight back. All have been employed in an outbreak of E. coli bacteria, which has sickened 146 people in 23 states and caused the death of one since August 2nd.

    Detection and warning are what the government does best in these cases. Preventing outbreaks is a more complex task, much of which properly falls on the produce industry. Surely, it has every incentive to do better. While suspicion has centered on packaged spinach sold by one company, the entire industry has taken a huge financial hit. Federal officials are investigating farms in California's Salinas Valley, nicknamed America's Salad Bowl, looking for the elusive source of the bacteria. Since 1995, 19 outbreaks of E. coli sickness have come from fresh-cut lettuce or spinach — three of them linked to the Salinas Valley just since 2002 says USA Today.

    But primary responsibility for safety lies with the produce industry. It might look to almond producers for cues.

    If spinach is to regain its reputation as a health food, consumers ought to be able to eat it with confidence and without the need for government inspectors to turn over each new leaf.
     

    Search narrows for source of E. coli

    Health officials in New Mexico positively identified a deadly strain of E. coli in a bag of spinach yesterday, providing a crucial clue that investigators say can be used to trace the source of an outbreak that has sickened 146 people.

    Until now, the evidence implicating spinach has been circumstantial.

    The E. coli outbreak, which was reported a week ago, has led to the leafy vegetable's banishment from restaurants and dinner tables across the country and is threatening the spinach industry with severe damage. Losses are estimated at up to $100 million if the crisis lasts just a month, and the industry has been hoping for a quick resolution in order to stem long-term damage. Nutritionists and food-policy experts said public fears about spinach could extend to other popular produce, such as bagged salads. Even though there have been 20 E. coli outbreaks from spinach or lettuce since 1995, this one has attracted the most attention because it has the most victims, with one death, another death suspected and the number of illnesses climbing by 15 yesterday. Two more states, Arizona and Colorado, reported cases yesterday.

    The uncertainty has virtually shut down the fresh spinach industry reports the Washington Post.

    Federal officials yesterday narrowed the source of the outbreak to three counties, Monterey, Santa Clara and San Benito, in and around the greater Salinas Valley. The germ was found in a bag of Dole baby spinach, marked best used by Aug. 30. Acheson said the spinach was processed by Natural Selection Foods LLC, saying the code on the bag fit with information provided by the company, which has previously been linked to the outbreak.

    And officials reiterated that no one should consume fresh spinach until they lift their warning.

    The Salinas Valley is a dominant area for spinach production in California, which produces roughly 74 percent of the country's fresh spinach, thanks in large part to Natural Selection's Earthbound Farm and its innovative bagged produce. California recorded $258 million in spinach sales last year. In Monterey County, sales of spinach reached $188.2 million last year, up from $56 million in 1995.

    Spinach is grown in 80-inch beds and harvested mechanically, at a cost of about $33,500 an acre. Farmers with hundreds of acres, who may lose more than one crop before the end of the growing season in November, stand to suffer big losses, according to Richard F. Smith, a farm
    adviser in the University of California Cooperative Extension program in Monterey County. Last year, 17,000 acres in the county were planted with spinach.

    As a leafy green vegetable, which nutritionists would like Americans to eat more of, spinach is known as being a good source of fiber and vitamin A, as well as iron, vitamin C and folic acid. "It's a pretty
    power-packed vegetable compared with iceberg lettuce," said Reed Mangels, nutrition adviser for the Vegetarian Resource Group.

    There are other sources of leafy vegetables that provide similar nutritional value: kale, collard greens, mustard greens, arugula. Some of those have already become a replacement for dishes containing spinach in restaurants. Also, frozen and canned spinach are not included in the warning.
     

    Consumer update on E. coli investigation

    Earlier today, the New Mexico Department of Health announced a link to E. coli O157 in an opened, leftover bag of spinach from a case patient, says a media release from Earthbound Farm.

    The product was conventional spinach, packed in Earthbound Farm's facility. The strain matched the outbreak strain. This news confirmed their decision to go out early with a voluntary recall.

    The US Food & Drug Administration and California Department of Health Services investigators were in the Earthbound Farms facility on Friday, taking environmental samples from our processing facility for testing. At the same time as the government inspectors, scientists from an independent, third-party laboratory did identical sampling and testing.

    The FDA and CDHS on Tuesday had inspectors in 9 fields identified in a traceback as the possible source of the spinach, including the bag with a positive match in New Mexico.
     

    Officials narrow investigation after finding bad spinach

    The investigation into an outbreak of E. coli that killed one person and sickened more than 140 others both broadened and shrank on Wednesday, as more victims were reported and scientists zeroed in on the contaminated spinach that caused the illness.

    In Washington, federal officials said that they had narrowed the focus of their investigation after health officials in New Mexico announced that they found the strain of E. coli responsible for the outbreak in an open bag of baby spinach in the refrigerator of a sickened woman.

    That batch, under the Dole brand, was hailed as a “smoking gun” by California officials who have been frantically trying to identify the source of the infection, which has halted the state’s spinach harvest and raised the specter of millions of dollars of agricultural losses.

    The authorities traced the spinach to one of three counties — Monterey, San Benito and Santa Clara, all south of San Francisco — and investigators continued to prowl plants and farms looking for evidence of the bacteria, which can cause diarrhea, kidney failure and even death reports the New York Times

    As of Wednesday, 146 people in 23 states had been sickened by E. coli from fresh spinach, with 76 requiring hospitalization, including 23 who have developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious kidney problem.

    While federal and California officials seemed somewhat relieved by the day’s developments, concerns continued to percolate in agricultural counties. In San Juan Bautista, about 90 miles south of San Francisco, where street signs are hand-painted and farms back into modern housing
    developments, residents said a serious farm disruption could shatter the economy.

    Few agricultural leaders were discussing economic damage, as spinach sat unpicked on thousands of acres, saying the health issues far outweighed their money woes.
     

    More Nebraska E.coli cases linked to spinach

    Two possible cases of E. coli in Nebraska may have been passed from person to person, and not come directly from eating tainted spinach.

    That brings the total confirmed Nebraska cases to seven, with four more possible cases.

    The two secondary cases are people who live with someone who became ill after eating spinach according to the Associated Press

    According to the Associated Press Nationally, the outbreak has sickened at least 146 people in 23 states. One person has died and 76 others have been hospitalized, some with kidney failure as a result of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
     

    Tainted Spinach

    Federal health officials await test results from California farms and packing plants that could allow them to pinpoint the source of an E. coli outbreak that's sickened spinach eaters across the country.

    Though state and federal officials have traced the outbreak to a California company's fresh spinach, they still don't know how bacteria contaminated the leafy greens.

    They have ruled out tampering, leaving multiple other potential sources of contamination, including the water and fertilizer that farmers in California's Salinas Valley use to grow much of the nation's spinach crop. Testing could reveal that source, though that isn't guaranteed.

    The FDA and the California Department of Health Services again are reviewing irrigation methods, harvest conditions and other practices at farms possibly involved.

    For now, officials warn consumers not to eat raw spinach. Natural Selection Foods LLC, whose multiple brands many people reported eating before falling sick, has recalled spinach products distributed throughout the United States. The company also distributed spinach to Canada, Mexico and Taiwan.

    The Associated Press reports that various produce growers associations worked with the FDA to publish new guidelines for the safe handling of spinach and other leafy greens in April, after the agency voiced concerns about produce safety.

    Despite the number of spinach and lettuce contamination incidents traced to the Salinas Valley in recent years, California health officials said that could be explained by the sheer volume of crop produced there rather than poor farming practices.

    E. coli cases linked to tainted spinach have been reported in 21 states: California, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
     

    Spinach scare could hurt market

    The nationwide E. coli outbreak from bagged spinach could seriously dampen the popularity of prewashed, packaged salads with time-pressed and diet-conscious Americans, reports the Associated Press.

    The Food and Drug Administration's announcement Wednesday that the bug that sickened hundreds of people matched a strain was found in an opened bag of Dole spinach.

    So far, there has been no evidence the source of the outbreak can be traced to the packaging process or that the salad bags themselves breed bacteria such as E. coli, which is found in animal and human waste.

    Seattle lawyer Bill Marler, who has represented dozens of clients in lawsuits connected to contaminated bagged leafy greens, said he's representing more than 30 clients from 12 states over the current E. coli outbreak. He said he reached a settlement for his clients with the company in five previous cases.

    Based on past experience, Marler said he suspects bacteria-tainted irrigation or flood water is behind the current outbreak. "Plants like spinach and lettuce can absorb not just water but bacteria," Marler said. "All the washing and rinsing and triple washing and nice bags with smiley faces on them mean nothing because the product is then just a little tiny bomb waiting for someone to eat it."

    Packaged greens, a category the industry calls "value-added" produce, was invented by a Salinas company, Fresh Harvest, in the late 1970s. Today, leading processors such as Fresh Express, NewStar and River Ranch Foods are based in Salinas.
     

    UPDATE: 9/22/2006 - Wisconsin

    Cases matching outbreak strain by PFGE (2 enzymes): 42

    Ages: 1-84 years (median = 30)

    Genders: Males = 11 Females = 31

    Hospitalizations = 22HUS cases = 8

    Onset of illness: 8/20 to 9/10

    Counties:

    Dane7
    Green2
    Green Lake1
    Manitowoc1
    Milwaukee10
    Outagamie1
    Ozaukee7
    Racine3
    Waukesha10
    Total42

    Additional information:

    •36 (86%) of 42 E. coli O157:H7 cases that match the outbreak consumed spinach

    •5 (38%) of 13 E. coli O157:H7 cases pending PFGE analysis consumed spinach

    •2 (67%) of 3 probable E. coli O157:H7 cases that met the case definition, but were not cultured consumed spinach

    •2 (10%) of the 20 E. coli O157:H7 cases that did not match the outbreak strain by PFGE analysis consumed spinach

    The smoking bag

    "Fresh fruits and vegetables are good for us; we should eat more," say Dr. Douglas Powell and Ben Chapman of the FoodSafety Network. Yet, they also remind us that fresh fruits and vegetables are one of, if not the most, significant source of foodborne illness today in North America, with an estimated 76 million illness and 5,000 deaths in the U.S. each and every year.

    In the past 10 years the FoodSafety Network has worked with individual farmers and grower groups dedicated to producing safe produce by helping them to provide the data to support their claims of safety.

    Dr. Douglas Powell is scientific director of the Food Safety Network at Kansas State University and Ben Chapman is a PhD student at the University of Guelph in Canada. They are the authors of, most recently, a book chapter entitled Implementing On-Farm Food Safety Programs in Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation, in the recently published Improving the Safety of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables.

    They urge produce growers and processors to take food safety seriously for the health of consumers, if they are to remain in the industry.
     

    New Mexico links first spinach sample to National E. Coli outbreak

    The New Mexico Department of Health announced today that it has linked the first spinach sample in the nation with the outbreak strain of E. coli 0157 that is affecting hundreds across the country.

    The Scientific Laboratory Division isolated the nationwide outbreak strain from a package of spinach that one of New Mexico’s patients ate before becoming sick.

    “The lab’s finding will move the federal investigation one step forward by showing that the bacteria that made these people sick was also found in the spinach,” said David Mills, the department’s Scientific Lab Division director.
     

    E.coli: Its origins and the battle to reduce/eliminate it

    First published in 1997 but still pertinent today, the Institute of Food Technologists' scientific status summary on E. coli O157:H7 describes the pathogen, its ability to infect, the inherent difficulties to inactivate it, and much more.

    Titled Foodborne Disease Significance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, the six-page document (plus references) and a one-page editorial is available to the public at www.ift.org.

    Founded in 1939, and with world headquarters in Chicago, IFT is a not-for-profit international scientific society with 22,000 members working in food science, technology and related professions in industry, academia and government.
     

    E. coli scare may have wider impact

    With fresh spinach linked to an unusually virulent outbreak that has killed one and sickened 130, the region has vaulted to new fame: the E. coli capital of America.

    According to the LA Times, the whirlwind of health warnings and media reports over the past five days has tarnished the reputation of its growers and processors so severely that experts predict some farms with large spinach crops may fail.

    Though they have tentatively linked some of the illnesses to Natural Selection, federal regulators have, in an abundance of caution, recommended against eating any fresh spinach, organic or otherwise, which has brought the spinach harvest to an abrupt halt, affecting smaller growers’ and workers’ finances.
     

    Toddler dies from E.coli

    Two year old Lily Lavender of Mobile, Alabama was diagnosed with E. coli and died due to kidney failure in a Birmingham hospital on Saturday.

    Medical examiners are trying to determine how she contracted the disease. Speculation surrounds the Haven Woods Church Preschool where her mother worked and Lily spent most of her time.

    The doors to the daycare she attened remain closed and with black ribbons hang on them in memory of Lily. It is believed the family did not have life insurance.
     

    State lab confirms first case of spinach-related E-coli in Colorado

    The Laboratory Services Division of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment has confirmed the first case of spinach-related E. coli that is of the same strain as the one associated with the national outbreak.

    “As would be expected in a widespread outbreak that has already affected neighboring states, Colorado now has a case of disease confirmed to be part of the multi-state E.-coli outbreak,” said Dr. Ned Calonge, chief medical officer at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. “This case provides further support for the recommendation of the Food and Drug Administration for consumers to avoid eating fresh spinach or fresh spinach-containing products until further notice.”

    Of those five cases, two are from Boulder County, two from the City and County of Denver, and the third is from Gunnison County.
     

    Number of confirmed E. coli cases grows: 21 states affected

    Twenty-one states have been affected by the national spinach-related E. coli outbreak. Of the 131 cases nationwide, 66 people have been hospitalized with acute E. coli O157:H7 infections, including 20 with kidney failure, and one adult in Wisconsin died.

    The breakdown of how many cases by state was provided by the CDC:

    Caliornia 1
    Connecticut 2
    Idaho 5
    Illinois 1
    Indiana 8
    Kentucky 6
    Maine 2
    Michigan  4
    Minnesota 2
    Nebraska 6
    Nevada 2
    New Mexico 5
    New York 9
    Ohio 15
    Oregon 5
    Pennsylvania 6
    Utah 16
    Virginia 1
    Washington 2
    Wisconsin 32
    Wyoming 1

    National 131
     

    Local Law Firm to Represent E. Coli Victims

    Underberg and Kessler, a western New York law firm, has been hired to represent people who got sick after eating spinach contaminated with the E. coli bacteria. They are the same firm that represented more than 700 people who got sick last summer from the cryptosporidium parasite after a visit to the Sprayground at Seneca Lake State Park.

    Lawyer Paul Nunes says Underberg and Kessler has been retained by Marler Clark of Seattle in the E. coli outbreak. The two firms also worked together on the sprayground case and they represented victims of several large-scale salmonella outbreaks in central New York.

    Marler Clark is suing growers and produce companies on behalf of people in Wisconsin, Oregon and Utah who got E. Coli infections after eating bagged fresh spinach. Underberg and Kessler plans to do the same on behalf of New Yorkers who claim injuries from the outbreak.

    The New York State Health Department has confirmed seven E. coli cases as part of the current outbreak. Four are in Erie County plus one case each in Schoharie, Schenectady and Chemung Counties. State Health Commissioner Antonia Novello says anyone who has fresh spinach in their fridge should toss it. She says washing won't make it safe.

    Usually E. coli causes diarrhea and cramps, but in some cases it can lead to kidney failure and death due to the complication hemolytic uremic syndrome.
     

    Bagged Produce May Not Be Worth Convenience

    A Seattle attorney and advocate for change in the produce industry says, though convenient, maybe bagged produce isn't such a good idea after all, reports Ed Yeates. As the probe continues into E. coli contaminated spinach that's now sickened people in 21 states, Bill Marler says it may be just one more example of a systemic problem that's been plaguing the industry for the past four years.

    "I think you have to step back and go, ‘well, maybe convenience and money aren't worth it’,” Marler says.

    Yeates says, “Look at other incidents over the past few years. The nasty strain shows up in produce in three states, sickening 23 people. Fifty kids at a Mormon dance camp in Spokane get hit. Fourteen people at an old folks home in San Francisco are infected. Two die. In northern Utah, two women remain on dialysis. And these are just reported cases.”

    Bill Marler responds, "There has never been a smoking gun. They've never found the farm or the cow. They've never been able to do that, and that's been frustrating for both the FDA and the industry." Bill Marler is in Salt Lake, representing people here considering lawsuits. He's also formed a non-profit group that, in his words, teaches the industry how not to poison people.

    Unlike a single head of lettuce or one bundle of spinach, bagged varieties, he claims, pose a unique problem. "When you're eating a bag, you may be eating parts of ten, twenty, thirty, forty bunches,” says Marler.  “You have a couple of pieces of bad heads of lettuce or bad bunches of spinach and it gets massively processed in a big facility that gets spread out among hundreds if not thousands of bags."

    Consumers like bagged produce because it's often more convenient and economical, but Marler says perhaps we've reached a point where all of us need to strike a new balance between what is convenient and what is risk.
     

    Half of spinach E. coli cases lead to hospital visits

    Federal health officials were uncertain as to whether the bacterial strain that contaminated spinach and infected people coast to coast is unusually virulent, but more than half the reported cases have required hospitalization.

    A key unanswered question is whether the strain of E. coli O157:H7 is particularly virulent, reports Newsday writer Delthia Ricks. At this point all data would point in that direction given that 66 people, slightly more than half of the 131 confirmed cases were hospitalized, Acheson said. In a typical outbreak involving E. coli O157:H7, he said, health experts would expect 20 percent to 25 percent of people to be hospitalized. Hospitalizations occur because patients develope hemolytic uremic syndrome, the potentially fatal kidney disorder caused by the bacteria's toxin.

    Dr. Ken Lee, director of the Center for Food Safety at Ohio State University, said in an interview Tuesday that "no one should risk dying from eating spinach." Among microbial culprits that routinely attack foods, he said, "E. coli is not the biggest killer in terms of body counts." But it is particularly insidious because it can cause bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, he added. "We need to do a better job of cleaning up food."

    Health investigators are examining practices on nine farms, but the probe could expand. Product recalls could involve other companies, but federal health officials hope spinach growers outside of California will soon be able to market their products.
     

    Source of E. coli outbreak not limited to spinach: Some infections may be tied to Manitowoc County Fair

    Tainted spinach is not the only source of E. coli to infect local residents in a recent outbreak, reports the Green Bay Press-Gazette. Five of the seven E. coli cases being investigated by the Manitowoc County Health Department may have been caused by exposure to animals at the county fair.

    The Food and Drug Administration has linked an outbreak of E. coli that has killed one person and sickened at least 108 others around the country to fresh spinach from Salinas, California-based Natural Selection Foods LLC, the country's largest grower of organic produce. The company has recalled 34 brands of fresh spinach sold at stores around the country.

    However, the E. coli infections that sent four Manitowoc County people to the hospital and have been linked to the death of Marion Graff, 77, of Manitowoc may be tied to the Manitowoc County Fair.

    Wergin said test results have been returned from the State Lab of Hygiene for five of the six remaining Manitowoc County cases, with the final test result expected later this week. Local investigators have determined that four people in those cases reported attending the fair in late August.

    The health department is investigating whether the fair could be a source of the infection.
     

    SPINACH SCARE

    Supermarkets and salad bars throughout the New York metropolitan area stopped selling prepackaged fresh spinach yesterday as New York joined the growing number of states reporting confirmed cases of E.coli infections linked to Popeye's favorite food.

    The New York cases are currently all upstate - in Erie, Schoharie, Schenectady and Chemung counties. Nationwide, 20 states reported E.coli cases linked to tainted spinach - with one person dead and 94 sickened.

    The D'Agostino supermarket chain is giving refunds to anyone walking in with spinach in any form, whatever the brand and no matter where in the city it had been purchased.

    A&P spokesman Richard DeSanta said all stores operated by the food giant, including Waldbaum's, Food Emporium and Food Basics, has pulled not only bagged spinach from its shelves nationwide, but all fresh spinach and all prepared products that had fresh spinach in them.

    The Cosi lunch chain also has stopped offering fresh baby spinach in its hand-tossed salads, even though it's not prepackaged.
     

    Death linked to spinach?

    Health authorities in Ohio are investigating a death that may be linked to the nationwide outbreak of bacterial illnesses caused by contaminated spinach harvested in California's coastal valley, reports the Knight-Ridder Tribune.

    Federal public health authorities cannot confirm the Ohio case as having a definite association with the outbreak of E.coli O157:H7 illnesses until the state laboratory has completed its examination of the patient's specimens. Ohio authorities then must r eport the information to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    In the same vein, state microbiologists in Albany are studying five more potential cases in New York, which could push the state's total to 12 cases if those under study are confirmed. All confirmed and suspect cases are in upstate counties.

    Dr. David Acheson, medical director of the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, said what has seemed an escalating outbreak could soon reach its peak. However, as of yesterday, he reported six additional confirmed cases, bringing the nation al total to 114 in 21 states since Sunday. Among those affected, 75 percent are women. All victims range between 18 and 60 years of age.
     

    Source of E. coli

    Michael Greger, the director of public health and animal agriculture for the Farm Animal Welfare division of the Humane Society of the United States, wrote a letter to the editor of the Stamford Advocate regarding a recent article about the recent national E. coli outbreak stemming from spinach.

    In the letter, he states that:

    “Any diseases found on produce likely came from contamination with livestock fecal material. Our intensive confinement system of industrialized animal agriculture produces more than one billion tons of manure each year in the United States -- the weight of 10,000 Nimitz-class aircraft carriers. We crowd billions of animals a year into these stressful, filthy conditions. No wonder we are plagued with the increasingly common emergence of infectious, food-borne disease.

    Factory farms are a public health menace. We shouldn't have to overcook our food.”
     

    Food safety-gaps

    Leafy vegetables are the second leading source of E. coli infections in the United States, behind ground beef, but the government relies primarily on voluntary safety steps by farmers and packagers to prevent outbreaks.

    The cleanliness of fresh produce is drawing new attention amid reports that tainted spinach has been found recently in 21 states, killing at least one person and sickening more than 100 others. A second death was under investigation.

    The Associated Press reports that some consumer groups believe the government should do more to regulate farming and packaging, including the quality of water used for irrigation, the application of manure and sanitary facilities used by workers.

    In recent years, the FDA has acknowledged problems involving the safety of produce, particularly with lettuce and spinach.

    Robert Brackett, director of the agency's Center for Food Safety and Applied Sciences, sent a letter in November to California firms that grow, pack and ship lettuce. He noted that 19 known outbreaks of E. coli have come from fresh-cut lettuce or spinach since 1995.

    In March, the agency issued draft guidance for the safe production of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Last month, the agency issued what it called the Lettuce Safety Initiative. It calls for visits to farms and packing operations so staff can monitor potential trouble spots and offer recommendations on reducing food contamination.

    But warning letters and guidance are not enough, the consumer groups say. They contend many producers never hear of the recommendations, and that means the level of food safety remains hazardous and deadly.
     

    Killer bacteria hunted in fields of California

    Drew Falkenstein of Marler Clark LLP in Seattle is representing 15 to 20 victims of the national spinach-based E. coli outbreak.

    The suits, against Dole and Natural Selection Foods, include filings by Anna and Paul Zientek of Milwaukee, whose two children were hospitalized after eating spinach; and Gwyn Wellborn, a Salem, Ore., woman who became sick after eating Dole brand baby spinach.

    114 people in 21 states who have been sickened since Aug. 23 in a deadly outbreak of E. coli that claimed the life of a Wisconsin woman. The cases include 18 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, which causes kidney failure, and 60 hospitalizations, the FDA announced Monday night.

    Natural Selection Foods, who supplies greens to numerous companies, has recalled all of its spinach packaged in bags, either alone or blended with other salad greens. River Ranch Fresh Foods of Salinas, Calif., which investigators found had bought mixed greens from Natural Selection, issued a recall of three packaged salad mixes, Acheson says. The "spring mix" brands containing spinach are: Farmers Market, Hy-Vee and Fresh and Easy.
     

    Utah family joins suit against spinach producer

    Shaila Leafty and her young son have joined what is expected to be a growing number of people who are suing a California spinach producer blamed for a national E. coli outbreak. Her son Brayden's illness is just one of an estimated 15 E. coli cases reported in Utah since the spinach-related outbreak was discovered.

    While state and federal officials have traced the current outbreak to Salinas, California-based Natural Selection Foods’ fresh spinach, they haven't pinpointed the sources of the bacteria.

    "As the grower and producer, Natural Selection Foods should have been consumers' first line of defense against E. coli entering the food supply," says attorney Bill Marler. "Instead, this company allowed contaminated produce to enter the marketplace and caused one of the largest fresh-produce-related outbreaks in recent history."

    Marler is also representing the parents of two Wisconsin children who were also believed to have been sickened by contaminated spinach. According to the Wisconsin lawsuit, both children came down with hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially deadly condition associated with E. coli infections. As of last Sunday, the daughter remained hospitalized.

    An Oregon woman has also sued. According to her lawsuit, she ate spinach for lunch several times during the week of Aug. 21. She reports she was hospitalized at Salem Hospital for six days and required at least four blood transfusions and other medical procedures.

    In all of the federal lawsuits, the plaintiffs have asked for unspecified damages, including compensation for pain and suffering, loss of enjoyment of life, medical expenses, travel expenses, emotional distress and attorney fees.
     

    Bad spinach causing concerns

    Arizona resident Emily Gruenberger, 9, was diagnosed with E. coli poisoning. It's not yet determined if she is among over 100 people nationally who have gotten sick from eating raw spinach.

    Twenty-one states, including all of Arizona’s neighbors, have reported outbreaks, according to FOX11 News.

    Pima County has four E. coli victims right now, two of which were caused by eating raw meat. The other two cases need more tests to determine their source of the bacteria.

    Pima County’s Health Department Spokesman Patty Woodcock says it would be ironic if the E. coli came from spinach.

    “You know we have been trying so hard to get people to eat healthy,” Woodcock said. “In a time when we’re fighting obesity, it’s a growing national concern; salads are a great way to lose weight.”
     

    Seattle firm hires New York lawyers for spinach E. coli cases

    Marler Clark has retained the Buffalo-Rochester based law firm Underberg & Kessler to assist  with litigation resulting from the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to bagged spinach. Marler Clark has filed lawsuits on behalf of Wisconsin, Oregon, and Utah residents, and is currently investigating claims on behalf of New York residents who have contacted the firm in regards to potential legal claims stemming from the outbreak.

    Nationally, the outbreak has already caused one death and made over 100 people ill. Two victims in the Buffalo area developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, a complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection that can lead to kidney failure, central nervous system impairment, and death. The New York Department of Health has reported confirmed E. coli cases in Schoharie, Schenectady and Chemung counties as being part of the outbreak. 

    This appears to be one of the more significant outbreaks of the dreaded E. coli O157:H7 bacteria in fresh produce that has occurred in the US. Because fresh bagged spinach is often eaten without being cooked, the risk of infection is especially high.

    The FDA and the fresh produce industry have been working on the issue of E. coli contamination for a number of years. It is unfortunate that efforts so far have not produced solutions that could have prevented this outbreak from happening in the first place.

    Marler Clark and Underberg & Kessler have worked together in other New York litigation, including E. coli and Salmonella cases. Most recently, they were appointed by the New York Court of Claims to represent over 700 victims of cryptosporidiosis at the Seneca Lake State Park Spraypark during the summer of 2005. The case was recently designated a class action.

    Utah child sues California spinach producer and manufacturer over E. coli illness

    On Monday, Marler Clark will file another lawsuit on behalf of a victim of the recent E. coli O157:H7 outbreak traced to contaminated spinach. The lawsuit will be filed against Natural Selection Foods, LLC and National Selection Foods Manufacturing, LLC in federal court in Utah on behalf of Murray, Utah resident Sheila Leafty and her young son, Brayden. Brayden is one of at least 14 Utah residents who have become ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections after eating contaminated spinach produced by Natural Selection Foods. 

    Marler Clark also added both Natural Selection companies to two lawsuits that the firm filed last week in federal court in Oregon and Wisconsin against Dole Food Company. Health officials in those states have reported that at least 19 residents (5 in Oregon and 14 in Wisconsin) were confirmed to be part of the outbreak. On Sunday, the Food and Drug Administration reported that 109 individuals in 19 states, sixteen of whom have developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (see www.about-hus.com), have been confirmed as being part of the outbreak. One Wisconsin resident died after suffering complications of E. coli infection.

    As the grower and producer, Natural Selections Foods should have been consumers’ first line of defense against E. coli entering the food supply. Instead, this company allowed contaminated produce to enter the marketplace and caused one of the largest fresh produce-related outbreaks in recent history.

    Continue Reading...

    E. coli outbreak: Salem woman wasn't expected to live

    Gwyn Wellborn of Salem is recovering from a brush with death from E. coli poisoning that was traced to a bag of Dole baby spinach she bought Aug. 21 at WinCo Foods.

    The 27-year-old wife and mother developed a rare complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, a disease that affects the kidneys and the blood-clotting system. Doctors at Salem Hospital didn’t expect her to survive, but several blood transfusions and plasma exchanges later, Wellborn pulled through.

    About the same time the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned consumers about a nationwide outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 stemming from bagged fresh spinach, the law firm Marler Clark filed a personal-injury action suit against Dole Food Co. on behalf of the Wellborns.

    The Seattle firm has represented thousands of victims of food poisoning, including some of the people sickened a year ago in a similar outbreak traced to bags of Dole lettuce, attorney Bill Marler said. Marler told the Statesman Journal he has tried and settled $250 million in E. coli poisoning cases during the past 13 years.

    The Wellborns are suing Dole for damages including general pain and suffering and medical-related expenses. No monetary amount is listed in the complaint filed in U.S. District Court in Portland.
     

    Facts And Figures About The E. Coli Bacterium

    E. coli Is:

    • A form of bacteria that commonly lives in the human body.
    • One strain releases a toxin that can cause severe illness.
    • The germ is present in uncooked beef, unpasteurized milk and juice, and on raw sprouts and lettuce.
       

    Symptoms Include:

    • Abdominal cramps.
    • Severe, often bloody, diarrhea.
    • Kidney failure in the young, elderly or people with weak immune systems.
       

    If You Have An E. Coli Infection:

    • You don't need to take antibiotics.
    • It will probably go away in five to 10 days.
    • Young children and the elderly could be hospitalized to treat kidney failure.
       

    Every Year In The U.S.:

    • Approximately 73,000 people contract E. coli.
    • Approximately 61 people die from the infection.
       

    Ways to prevent contracting E. coli:

    • Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
    • Cook all ground beef and meat.
    • Drink only pasteurized milk and juice.
    • Don't swallow water in lakes or public pools.
       

    If You Get E. Coli, Try To Avoid Infecting Others:

    • Don't prepare food for others.
    • Bathe alone.
    • Don't swim in public places.
       

    Fresh and risky

    Right on the heels of the nationwide E. coli outbreak stemming from tainted lettuce, the US FDA has announced a nationwide warning to consumers against consuming spinach for the same reasons.

    Douglas Powell and Ben Chapman of the Food Safety Network say that despite the fact that fruits and vegetables are good for us, they are one of, if not the most, significant source of foodborne illness today in North America, with an estimated 76 million illness and 5,000 deaths in the U.S. each and every year from foodborne illness.

    The U.S. lettuce/leafy greens industry took the first step in doing this, releasing a comprehensive set of food safety guidelines, from the farm through to retail, in April, 2006.

    Powell and Chapman state that any grower can clean up for a once-a-year audit by inspectors. They are urging growers to maintain the standards for the rest of the year as well.
     

    Dole sued by Oregon E. coli victim

    An E. coli lawsuit was filed against Dole late Thursday in United States District Court for the District of Oregon.  The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Gwyn Wellborn, a Salem, Oregon woman who became ill with an E. coli O157:H7 infection after eating Dole brand baby spinach.  Ms. Wellborn and her husband, David, are represented by Marler Clark, the Seattle law firm that has represented hundreds of victims E. coli outbreaks, including victims of last fall’s E. coli outbreak traced to Dole brand lettuce.


    Continue Reading...

    E. coli bacteria sickens at least 11 in county

    The Milwaukee Health Department is searching for the source of E. coli bacteria that has sickened at least 11 Milwaukee County residents.

    Those infected by the bacteria E. coli O157:H7 include eight children. Five required hospitalization at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. Of the five, two were treated and released while three remain hospitalized, said hospital spokeswoman Erica Halbleib.

    Health officials say the cases don't rise to the level of an outbreak and that no additional cases have been reported to them since Monday.

    The bacteria can be found in meat, sprouts, watermelon, lettuce, unpasteurized milk and juice, as well as contaminated water. It can also be contracted by petting farm animals.
     

    Manitowoc County Reports 7 Cases Of E. coli

    The Manitowoc County Health Department is investigating seven cases of E. coli infection.

    The county's public health nurse manager, Amy Wergin, says they occurred between August 26th and September first, and involve people ranging in age from 8 to 66.

    Wergin says that finding a source has been difficult because the cases are from different areas of the county. Her department is trying to determine if the infections came from a food source, such as a restaurant, or any place where people would be in contact with animals, such as a farm or petting zoo.
     

    What is E. coli?

    E. coli bacteria were discovered in the human colon in 1885 by German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich. Dr. Escherich also showed that certain strains of the bacteria were responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis - an important public health discovery.

    E. coli O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. The combination of letters and numbers in the name of E. coli O157:H7 refers to the specific markers found on the bacterium’s surface; these letters and numbers distinguish the dangerous O157:H7 variety from other types of E. coli.

    The virulence of E. coli O157:H7 is a result of its ability to produce Shiga-like toxins, or verotoxins. Shiga-like toxins inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and play a role in hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome by causing damage to endothelial cells in the kidneys, pancreas, brain, and other organs, thus inhibiting those organs’ ability to function.
     

    A great new article on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

    Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: An Emerging Health Risk

    SAMIYA RAZZAQ, M.D., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas

    Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused primarily by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. The most common cause of acute renal failure in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome also can occur in adults. Characteristic features of the syndrome are microangiopathic anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Although the presentation of this syndrome is diverse, the classic prodromal illness is bloody diarrhea following ingestion of hamburger meat contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, the most common mode of infection in the United States. Children with hemolytic uremic syndrome generally present with gastroenteritis complaints (e.g., abdominal pain or tenderness, nausea or vomiting, fever, anemia); affected adults may be asymptomatic. Complications from hemolytic uremic syndrome can include intussusception, chronic renal failure, and seizures in severe cases. Because an incubation period of approximately one week occurs between the start of diarrhea and the onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion; early laboratory testing is important to diagnose and manage this syndrome. Obtaining a complete blood count and stool culture and performing Shiga toxin testing are the first of a series of tests that may help diagnose hemolytic uremic syndrome. (Am Fam Physician 2006;74:991-6, 998. Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Family Physicians.) Continue Reading...

    County investigating seven E. coli cases

    Seven cases of E. coli infections are being investigated by the Manitowoc County Health Department.

    The department is waiting for test results from a state lab to determine the source of the infections, said Amy Wergin to the Manitowoc Herald Times-Reporter. Wergin is the county public health nurse manager.

    "We are interviewing people and asking them where they have been and what they gave been in contact with to find similarities," she said. "If there is a common cause we may be able to abate that hazard."

    "We're concerned because this is a much higher rate of infection than normal and there might have been a common cause for infections," Wergin said.

    The cases were referred to the health department from the patient's health care providers.
     

    Lettuce object of California health study

    Farms in the Salinas Valley are being evaluated to determine why leafy greens grown in the area, often called the "Salad Bowl of the World" are linked with E. coli.

    Officials say lettuce and spinach grown in that area  has been identified in eight of 19 outbreaks of the virulent E. coli O157:H7 strain since 1995. The outbreaks have sickened at least 217 people in nationwide, including two who died in 2003.

    Much of the nation's lettuce is grown in the valley and growers fear continuing infections might erode confidence in their $2 billion annual lettuce crop.

    Inspectors told the Los Angeles Times that the evaluation started last month and will continue through the fall.

     

    E. coli cases reported in Manitowoc

    A cluster of E. coli infections have been reported locally in the past week, Manitowoc County Health Officer James Blaha told the Herald Times-Reporter.

    The source of the infections has yet to be determined, Blaha said. He said there has been an increase in reported E. coli cases statewide.

    E. coli is a bacteria that causes severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea, which is often bloody. There is generally little or no fever associated with the illness. Infection is acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water, or by coming in contact with fecal material from infected people or animals. Blaha urges seeking medical attention if infected.

    He said E. coli infections can be prevented by avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked beef, or drinking unpasteurized milk. Most importantly, people should wash their hands before preparing or eating food, after using the bathroom or after having contact with cattle.
     

    Some New York apple cider still not pasteurized

    Some of New York state's apple cider producers still don't have equipment to treat their product to prevent E. coli contamination.


    The state Legislature a few months ago granted an extension of a deadline requiring cider be pasteurized or treated with ultraviolet light.

    Initially, all cider sold in the state was to be treated started last January. Now, the mandatory requirement won't take effect until next January first. Peter Gregg, a spokesman for the New York Apple Association, says only a handful of state cider producers aren't treating their product. The equipment needed to properly treat cider can cost 15-thousand dollars or more -- an expensive proposition for some smaller cider makers.

    More than 200 people became ill in 2004 after they drank unpasteurized cider from a northern New York producer.
     

    Meat cleanliness is vital but clipping is not only option

    A report on the need for cleanliness in the meat production chain, from farm to plate, to control the potential scourge of E coli was published yesterday, commissioned by red-meat promotion organization Quality Meat Scotland.

    However, the report contains no recommendations on any part of the process, notably the problem of injuries to farmers and stockmen while clipping cattle pre-slaughter. It does say that alternatives are available, some in use in countries such as Australia and New Zealand, that could be explored within the European Union food regulations.

    The report, called “Livestock Cleanliness, a whole chain approach,” is a comprehensive guide to how livestock are kept clean or cleaned for slaughter in other parts of the world and offered "vital insights into the latest scientific thinking".

    The main impetus behind the need for cleanliness, and what makes the lack of recommendations more puzzling, is the spread of the virulent strain of E. coli 0157 in recent years.
     

    MORE ON THE WENDY'S OUTBREAK

    Regarding the recent outbreak of E. coli infection from lettuce, the following data on outbreaks of E. coli infection are abstracted from GideonOnline:

    • 1975 - An outbreak (2200 or more cases) of E. coli infection at Crater Lake National Park was attributed to contaminated drinking water.
    • 1983 - Outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness associated with eating imported French Brie cheese occurred in the District of Columbia, with subsequent cases in Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, and Wisconsin.
    • 1998 - An outbreak (3300 estimated cases) of E. coli infection was caused by delicatessen foods supplied by a caterer.
    • 1999 - An outbreak (11 cases, 3 HUS) of E. coli infection was associated with a lake in Connecticut.
    • 1999 - An outbreak (58 cases; 2 HUS) of E. coli infection at a cheerleading camp in Texas was ascribed to contaminated ice and salads.
    • 2004 - An outbreak (111 cases) of ETEC infection caused by E. coli was reported among employees of a company in Illinois.
    • 2006  - An outbreak (36 cases) of E. coli infection among employees of a company was ascribed to contaminated cole slaw.
       

    E. COLI BACTERIA FOUND IN CAMBRIDGE

    A 2-year old girl is now dead, and health department officials said she tested posted for E. coli bacteria, reports WTOV9's Amy Post.

    Officials at the Guernsey County Health Department said four family members from Cambridge all were ill with the bacteria. They said people should not be overly concerned about the bacteria, because it seems to be an isolated family event rather than an area epidemic.

    Officials are investigating where the bacteria came from, but they do not have a conclusive result.

    The three other family members who tested positive are now recovering at home.
     

    FOOD SAFETY EXPERTS LAUNCH BATTLE AGAINST E. COLI BACTERIA

    Food safety experts are meeting in Dublin, Ireland this week to discuss international standards they hope will cut back on the rising number of infections caused by the deadly enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli bacteria.

    Representatives from UN bodies and member countries that make up the Codex Alimentarius committee on food hygiene are considering the need for standards to control EHEC. The five-day meeting began yesterday, reports Ahmed El-Amin.

    “We are seeing a worldwide increase in the number of people infected with these dangerous pathogens, particularly E coli O157,” stated Dr. Peter Ben Embarek of the World Health Organisation. Sarah Cahill, a representative from the Food and Agriculture Organization, said legal costs arising from just one outbreak in the US amounted to a payout by one manufacturer of $30 million.

    The Codex Alimentarius Commission sets standards aimed at helping international food trade by eliminating many of what the UN calls "unjustified technical barriers" set up by some countries. The body is a joint venture of the FAO and the WHO. Once brought into effect, the standards are voluntary. However many countries incorporate them into national legislation. They also apply to safety controls used to regulate international food trade.

    EHEC can cause a range of symptoms, some of which can lead to death. Infection with EHEC may also lead to further complications, most notably hemolytic uremic syndrome, the most common cause of kidney failure in young children.

    The Food Safety Authority of Ireland is hosting the meeting in Dublin following a recent increase in the country of cases of EHEC infection. John O'Brien, FSAI's chief executive, said the meeting will highlight the threat posed by the spread of EHEC.

    "An effective risk management strategy is required to halt the spread of these harmful bacteria in the food chain and the aim of the meeting is to put such measures in place,” O'Brien stated.

    Codex Alimentarius standards form the basis of food legislation in many countries and are recognized as international benchmarks by one of the multilateral agreements of the UN World Trade Organization.
     

    BUTCHER SHOP MAY SUE SUPPLIER OVER E. COLI OUTBREAK

    The Winnipeg Regional Health Authority announced Friday that more than half of the 40 E. coli cases in the region in August had been traced back to the Dutch Meat Market in St. Boniface. The Winnipeg butcher shop is considering legal action against the farm or slaughterhouse that supplied it with contaminated meat.

    "They'd have to first of all see if they have suffered any damages. And then if they have, they could consider recourse against the entity that was responsible for the problem, no question,” said attorney Grant Stefanson.

    Dutch Meat Market distributed ground beef to several local restaurants and burger joints in the first two weeks of August. Meat was also sold to food retail outlets and individual customers. Four people are currently in hospital, with two in critical condition, and 14 people have had to be hospitalized since June.

    The process of making ground beef is inherently risky because one piece of contaminated meat can contaminate the whole lot, said Dr. Pierre Plourde, the WRHA's medical officer.

    The restaurants in question have since been inspected and measures were taken to improve safe food handling, but Plourde said ongoing monitoring will continue.
     

    FALLON GIRL BACK HOME FOLLOWING SEVERE INFECTION

    Lanie Smith, the 4-year-old Fallon girl who was stricken with hemolytic uremic syndrome following an infection in June, has been released from the hospital, according to reporter Viktoria Pearson.

    During the time Lanie was in Oakland fighting for her life with failing kidneys, a tragedy in Fallon took place where a young boy lost his life, said McKay. Within two hours of his death, the parents offered Lanie the boy’s kidneys when the hospital asked if they were willing to donate his organs.

    Doctors should know within about four weeks if Lanie will need a kidney transplant.

    Another Fallon boy, John Cessford IV, 2, contracted E. coli in May and spent nine days in Washoe Medical Center ICU. He has recovered fully. A 5-year-old girl from Carson City had E. coli and was in the Children's Hospital ICU for three weeks with Lanie.

     

    TENNESSEE E. COLI INVESTIGATION WRAPPING UP

    The Hamilton County Health Department and the United States Department of Agriculture are working to trace back the source of an E. coli outbreak that sickened at least eight people near Chattanooga. HCHD confirmed eight cases of E. coli O157:H7 after a July outbreak. Seven of the people who were ill with E. coli infections ate at Ryan's on Hixson Pike.

    Although Ryan's was a common food source for most of these people who got sick, the health department has not linked it as a definitive cause, reports NewsChannel 9:

    They are working with the United States Department of Agriculture and tracing back sirloin products to see if the potential source of this outbreak could have been items from Ryan's food bar.

    Previous outbreaks have been traced to buffet-style restaurants such as Sizzler, China Buffet, King Garden, Golden Corral, and others.
     

    LOCAL RESTAURANT POSSIBLE LINK TO E. COLI CASES

    WTVC today reported that an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in Tennessee has been traced to a restaurant in Hixson.

    The Chattanooga-Hamilton County Health Department reports seven of the eight cases of E. coli might have come from the Ryan’s Family Steak House on north Hixson Pike in Hixson.

    Since the outbreak, the health department has inspected and cleaned the restaurant. Follow-up visits have been satisfactory, and no employee has tested positive for E. coli. One employee refused testing, and resigned instead.

    Although there is no confirmed link to the restaurant, all of the infected patients had eaten there prior to getting ill. The CHCHD’s investigation, plus one by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, still continue.
     

    MONTEREY CO. LETTUCE LINKED TO UTAH E. COLI OUTBREAK

    Lettuce grown in Monterey County has been linked to five cases of E. coli bacteria poisoning at a Wendy's restaurant in Ogden, Utah, during a three-day period in late June, reports CBS Channel 5 in Salinas.

    "The only food item that was shared by all of these cases was iceberg lettuce from this Wendy's store,'' Weber-Morgan Health Department Officer Gary House said. "The lettuce was the common source.''

    The Wendy's restaurant at the center of the outbreak was thoroughly inspected and no health violations were found.

    Wendy's staff told the health department that the lettuce came from Monterey County.

    Because Wendy's regularly disposes of its unused lettuce, however, health officials could not test samples of the lettuce from the three-day period to positively confirm the origin of the E. coli, according to House.

    California Department of Health Services spokeswoman Patti Roberts cautioned that just because lettuce from Monterey County was found to be a common source in the outbreak does not mean that the E. coli originated with the lettuce.

    The Department of Health Services has not begun an investigation of Monterey County's lettuce crop in connection with the Utah E. coli outbreak at this point.
     

     

    Agencies to inspect local lettuce for E. coli

    In an unprecedented effort to monitor the Salinas Valley lettuce industry, federal regulators announced Thursday they will inspect local fields, coolers and packing plants starting Monday, reports the Monterey Herald.

    The inspections are part of a multi-year Food and Drug Administration safety initiative created to tackle reoccurring E. coli 0157:H7 outbreaks connected to leafy greens in recent years. It is the only lettuce-growing area in the country to be inspected.

    Joining FDA representatives during the field and plant visits in Monterey County will be inspectors from the California Department of Health Services and the California Department of Food and Agriculture.

    A team of three inspectors from each agency will call growers and processors before they arrive, giving them a chance to alert their key food safety employees, who will show the regulators around their fields and inside their facilities. The growers, harvesters and packers also will fill out questionnaires detailing their practices.

    Prior to these new inspections, the FDA has only inspected local processing plants on surprise visits.

    While the source of the E. coli bacteria has remained elusive, more than 400 people have been sickened and two people have died after eating contaminated products since 1995, according to the FDA.

    FDA officials told local growers and agricultural trade representatives about the coming inspections at a food safety summit in Salinas on Thursday. The meeting was closed to the media.
     

    E. coli confirmed in Guernsey County

    Cambridge-Guernsey County Health Department is investigating three confirmed reports of E. coli affecting Guernsey County residents, according to The Daily Jeffersonian.

    The outbreak includes a case that reportedly claimed the life of a Cambridge toddler, but is not confirmed.

    Authorities have reportedly not identified the source of the E. coli contamination.

    Most E. coli infections comes from eating undercooked ground beef. E. coli 0157:H7 is a disease-causing bacterium that produces a powerful toxin that can cause severe illness.

    Eating meat that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli can cause infection. Contaminated meat looks and smells normal. Drinking unpasteurized milk and swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water can also cause infection.

    About two to seven percent of E. coli infections result in a complication called Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail, causing death.
     

    E. coli Death - Meat linked to outbreak hard to find

    The Minnesota Department of Health is focusing its investigation into an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak on a Nebraska meat packer, according to a story from the Minneapolis Star-Tribune.

    Although the beef was ground by a local grocery store, the source of the E. coli contamination probably came from the meat processing plant in Nebraska.

    The store that sold the E. coli-contaminated meat receives meat from an Albert Lea distributor that gets its supply from four different meat processors. The processors operate at least eight different slaughterhouses.

    The Albert Lea distributor does not have records on the source of the meat that it shipped to the Longville grocery store.
     

    Minnesota E. coli death linked to church dinner

    The Minnesota Department of Health has been investigating an E. coli outbreak that was the source of 17 confirmed illnesses and one death. MDOH suspects that at least 30 people were ill with E. coli infections, but that not all cases were confirmed through laboratory testing.

    A report in the Pioneer Press noted that this latest E. coli outbreak caused the first E. coli-related death in Minnesota since 2002.

    “We think primarily what happened was there were a number of illnesses associated with eating potato salad or another cold salad that became cross-contaminated with the ground beef that was used to make meatballs,” said Doug Schultz, a spokesman for the Minnesota Department of Health. Those preparing the food probably used the same utensils or cutting board for the potatoes as for the beef.

    Health investigators were initially perplexed by the outbreak, Schultz said. People from the church were sick, but so was a group of people who did not attend the event.

    The investigators eventually traced the contamination to E. coli that had been discovered during a routine federal inspection of a Nebraska meatpacker. A distributor bought beef from that plant and sold it to a Longville grocer, who in turn sold the beef to a local restaurant as well as the organizers of the church event. The victims who weren't infected at the church all had eaten at the same restaurant.
     

    Lettuce industry, FDA meet Thursday to discuss food safety

    Federal and state regulators, researchers and lettuce industry representatives are scheduled to meet in Salinas for a foodborne illness outbreak summit, reports the Monterey Herald.

    Organized by the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security at the University of California-Davis, the meeting will focus in part on how investigations of leafy green-related outbreaks can be improved and what areas of research could help prevent outbreaks.

    Scheduled speakers at the meeting include Dr. Robert Brackett, director of the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, representatives for the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association and the Western Growers Association.

    Since 1995, 19 outbreaks of E.coli O157:H7, involving 409 individuals who became ill and two others who died, have been connected to fresh lettuce and pre-cut lettuce and spinach, according to the FDA. In eight of those outbreaks, the produce came from Salinas.
     

    Confirmed Cases of E-Coli Could Have Local Link

    The Tennessee health department has confirmed that the seven people who fell ill ate at a Hixson restaurant between July 8th and 20th, reports WDEF-TV.

    Since then, employees of the restaurant have all tested negative for the bacteria, and health inspectors have made sure that the restaurant was thoroughly sanitized.

    Three of Janet King's four children contracted the bacteria. The ordeal has devastated the family financially; Janet's husband Mark, a Hamilton County deputy missed five weeks of work while doctors treated the kids in and out of the hospital.

    Friends are hosting a daylong benefit at Veterna's Park in Soddy-Daisy. Proceeds will help the Kings with extraordinary medical bills they now have. King says she's more than grateful for the family, friends, who helped them during their time of need.
     

    E. coli death is Minnesota's first in 3.5 years

    A woman from Longville, Minnesota, who apparently ate contaminated food at a church supper, has become the first Minnesotan recorded as dying of E. coli complications in at least three and a half years, according to the Minneapolis Star-Tribune.

    Services will be held today for Carolyn Hawkinson, right, 73, at Salem Lutheran Church in Longville, where the meal was served July 19.

    Hawkinson, who died Sunday after nearly a month in hospitals, had helped set up for the church supper the day before it was held, her daughter said.

    In the past six weeks, E. coli has sickened at least 17 people and perhaps as many as 30 around Longville, the Minnesota Department of Health reported Tuesday. Nine people were hospitalized, including Hawkinson and one other with serious complications.
     

    Fair petting zoo is back with some unfuzzy additions

    The State Fair of Texas announced that its much-loved petting zoo will return to the fairgrounds this year. The attraction, which had been part of the fair for at least four decades, was axed last year because of insurance restrictions, according to The Dallas Morning News.

    State Fair officials changed insurance companies last year, and their new insurer required a higher deductible for petting zoos. Although they tried to work the problem out before opening day, fair officials decided to cancel the Children's Medical Center Barnyard at the last minute because of the increased cost. This year, the fair has returned to its original insurance broker.

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that E. coli triggered outbreaks of illnesses from petting zoos in 2004 and 2005 in North Carolina, Florida and Arizona.

    Jeff Bender, an associate professor in veterinary public health at the University of Minnesota, said hand washing is the most important step for preventing transmission of E. coli and other harmful organisms at petting zoos.

    Fair officials have decided to push the hygiene issue with visitors. They're increasing the number of signs and hand-sanitizing stations in both the petting zoo and the livestock areas. No food, drinks or pacifiers will be allowed in the petting zoo, and a public address message will remind visitors every few minutes to clean their hands. Volunteers inside the zoo will repeat the advice, and electronic signs at the fairgrounds will also flash warnings.
     

    Public health issues warning to barbecuers: Home-cooked meals are the riskiest

    With only a few weeks remaining in barbecue season, local public health officials are urging people to cook hamburger properly and clean or discard anything that has come into contact with raw meat.

    According to The Record, the reason for the warning is a sudden increase in reported food poisoning cases, the majority of which resulted from improperly cooked or contaminated hamburger meat prepared at home, which can cause E. coli poisoning.

    The province saw 44 cases last month, compared to only 19 infections in July of last year, with 86 per cent of this July's cases coming from those who grill their own burgers.

    According to Dr. Reno Proulx, consulting doctor with the public health agency in the Eastern Townships, most people know to cook their meat properly because of extensive public awareness campaigns on the issue. Infections this year are rising because people are using the same plates and utensils to handle raw and cooked meat, without washing them in between.

    "People are putting their cooked hamburgers on the same plate as the raw hamburger meat. With juices from the raw meat leftover, the cooked hamburger then becomes contaminated," said Dr. Proulx.

    It also seems that people are also forgetting to take the most basic precaution – hand-washing.

    "Forty-five per cent of those infected in July were people who handled the raw meat directly," said Dr. Proulx, meaning those who cook and then do not wash their hands before eating, make up a large proportion of the infections reported this year.
     


    Recent E. coli breakouts raise concern

    E. coli outbreaks have been found twice in Utah in recent weeks; once in North Ogden and once in Hyrum. The Hyrum outbreak infected five people; health officials weren't able to identify the source, reports Heidi Toth of the Utah Daily Herald.

    The North Ogden outbreak, resolved earlier this week, originated from contaminated lettuce in a Wendy's restaurant. Three people in that outbreak ended up with hemolytic uremic syndrome, which can be life-threatening and leave permanent damage.

    Fortunately, said Terry Beebe, director for environmental health at the Utah County Health Department, good food handling, lots of hand washing and taking precautions can minimize the risk. Outbreaks can happen, and do; the last one in Utah County was several years ago at the state Developmental Center in American Fork.

    About 73,000 Americans get sick and 61 die every year from infections caused by the bacteria, which can be spread in a number of ways, including when infected ground beef is not fully cooked or when it comes into contact with other food, when raw milk is infected by cow manure or equipment, when sewage gets into water supplies or swimming pools or when feces gets on a person's hands who then handles food without washing. There are a number of different strains; the most common of the infecting types is O157:H7.

    The health department has a number of procedures in place to avoid outbreaks, including semiannual inspections of every restaurant in the county and more if there's reason to suspect a problem. Utah County implemented a no-bare-hand-contact policy about a year ago among restaurants to minimize the possibility. Health inspectors also check were the food is coming from, that dishes and countertops are being properly washed and food is cooked to the proper temperatures.

    People also need to be aware of the E. coli risk in their homes. Beebe advises lots of hand-washing while cooking, knowing where the food came from and keeping kitchen implements clean. He emphasized that since most transmissions of the bacteria were fecal to oral, washing hands, while not perfect, was a good way to minimize risk.
     

    Minnesota Department of Health investigating Longville area E. coli outbreak

    15 cases of E. coli infection have been reported in the Longville area to the Minnesota Department of Health, according to The Pilot-Independent.

    Of those, four people tested positive for the E. coli strain O157:H7. As of Friday, at least two people were hospitalized in what MDH spokesperson Doug Schultz termed as a "relatively serious condition."

    MDH has determined that most, but not all of the cases have an association with a July 19 potluck at Salem Lutheran Church in Longville. At least three individuals did not attend the potluck.

    "We are still investigating a number of other events and are looking at other possibilities," Schultz stated. "It may be that we won't be able to determine a single source. We just want to make sure there isn't a source out there that would pose an ongoing public health risk."

    Pastor John Monson of Salem Lutheran Church said MDH is still conducting interviews to determine common links for the outbreak.

    "Our congregation is concerned about the health of our community and is doing whatever possible to assist the MDH in their research," Monson stressed. "Since the MDH inquiry is ongoing, we can only wait for their conclusions and hope that their discoveries may help prevent future outbreaks.

    Just to be on the safe side, Salem Lutheran Church decided to cancel its August smorgasbord, had its water supply checked, and its food service area double-checked.
     

    Boys Hit By E. coli

    Two children have been treated for the potentially deadly E.coli infection at South Tyneside District Hospital, reports the Northeast Press.

    The youngsters, both boys under the age of 10, were admitted to the Harton Lane hospital within the last two weeks. One has been discharged and the other is recovering but still receiving treatment.

    After the cases were discovered, officers from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) were called in. They are now carrying out an investigation to try to find the source of the infection but it is not believed to have been a public premises.

    Ten days ago, a two-year-old girl died after being admitted to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow for contracting an E.coli 0157:H7 infection.

    Two other children in the Dumfries and Galloway area were also treated at the same time, but both have since made a full recovery.
     

    E. coli risks at fairs and petting zoos

    Last year, the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a report encouraging venues where the public has contact with animals, such as fairs and petting zoos, to adopt standards, saying that "inadequate understanding of disease transmission and animal behavior can lead to infectious diseases, rabies exposures, injuries and other health problems among visitors, especially children, in these settings."

    The single most important step to reduce risk is to have visitors wash their hands, says the Ventura County Star.

    Hand washing is nothing new at the Ventura County Fair, which has washing stations at the entrances and exits to the animal areas. This year, however, McGuire said she's increasing the number of signs encouraging people to wash their hands.

    She's also hoping to encourage people not to bring food into the animal areas, although that is not yet a requirement.

    "We're not that strict yet," she said. "There are some fairs that don't allow food at all into the animal areas."

    The CDC recommends that food and beverages not be allowed in animal areas.

    "In addition," the CDC report states, "smoking, carrying toys, and use of pacifiers, spill-proof cups and baby bottles should not be permitted in animal areas."
     

    Wendy's source of E. coli

    Four people contracted severe E. coli infections after eating lettuce from a Wendy's restaurant in North Ogden, according to the Standard-Examiner.

    Two of the four cases were traced to a CORE Academy conference held at Orion Junior High School in Harrisville and catered by Wendy's. A third case was determined to have been a secondary infection from one of the first two patients.

    The fourth case was an individual who ate at the Wendy's for three straight days during that same time period. Three of the four infected have developed into hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially fatal kidney disease.

    At least 300 more people were potentially exposed to the infection while attending the conference but health officials don't believe any more infections will occur.

    The only common food item shared was iceberg lettuce from Wendy's.

    "We believe that the source of this food-borne contamination was limited to this one Wendy's restaurant," House said.

    "A main head of lettuce could be the culprit of the whole problem," said Glenn Kinney, regional epidemiologist for the Utah Department of Health.
     

    Got milk? Make sure it's pasteurized

    Drinking raw (untreated) milk or eating raw milk products is "like playing Russian roulette with your health," says John Sheehan, director of the Food and Drug Administration's Division of Dairy and Egg Safety. "We see a number of cases of foodborne illness every year related to the consumption of raw milk."

    More than 300 people in the United States got sick from drinking raw milk or eating cheese made from raw milk in 2001, and nearly 200 became ill from these products in 2002, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    Raw milk may harbor a host of disease-causing organisms such as campylobacter, escherichia coli, listeria, salmonella, yersinia, and brucella. Common symptoms of foodborne illness from many of these types of bacteria include diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever, headache, vomiting, and exhaustion.

    In pregnant women, Listeria can result in miscarriage, fetal death, or illness or death of a newborn infant. Escherichia coli infection has been linked to hemolytic uremic syndrome, a condition that can cause kidney failure and death.

    It is a violation of federal law enforced by the FDA to sell raw milk packaged for consumer use across state lines. But each state regulates the sale of raw milk within their state, and some states allow it to be sold. This means that in some states, dairy operations may sell it to local retail food stores, or to consumers directly from the farm or at agricultural fairs or other community events, depending on the state law.
     

    Wendy's is finally named as source of E. coli

    An E. coli outbreak in North Ogden has health department officials pointing fingers at a Wendy's fast-food restaurant.

    It happened in June when some three hundred educators were attending a conference at a junior high in Harrisville, where for one day, Wendy's provided the food. The health department investigation concluded that iceberg lettuce from Wendy's was the common denominator in three confirmed cases and a number of other unconfirmed cases.

    A Wendy's representative told ABC 4 News, "We are very saddened that apparently people got sick eating the lettuce from one of our restaurants. When situations arise we will always do the right thing for our customers."

    Gwen Hadley with the Weber Morgan Health Department told ABC 4 News one of the victims became so ill she couldn't speak. However, officials say the illnesses and infections have run their course and there is no risk of further infection.
     

    Hands up! It's time to come clean

    New hand sanitizer dispensers are mounted in every animal barn at the Clark County Fair this year, more than 150 in all. Abundant signs posted in two languages warn visitors to leave food and drink outside barns, and to use the gel upon exiting.

    Another 12 wash stations with 24 sinks, soap and towels were installed across the fairgrounds. And in every bathroom and near many food stalls are friendly reminding visitors to do what mommas have always scolded: Wash your hands before eating.

    There's a concerted effort by fair leaders nationwide to lead a hand-washing campaign.

    "We just want to create an awareness. Part of the obligation of a county fair is teaching people," said fair Manager Tom Musser. "And we're seeing them used, by golly."

    Last August, three persons who attended the Clark County Fair were sickened by confirmed cases of E. coli, a life-threatening bacteria that can cause kidney failure. While the origin could not be confirmed, clues pointed to animal exhibits. Similar outbreaks of virulent nausea, vomiting and diarrhea have struck fairs in other cities and states, the culprit just as easily human-borne as animal-borne.

    270,000 visitors could pass through the fair this week, providing plenty of risky contact. When the state Agriculture Department floated an $8,000 matching grant to install the extra sinks and signs, Clark County officials quickly ponied up an equal amount.

    Also returning from a brief absence is the Germ City education booth operated by the Washington State University Extension Service. Special lotion is doled out by volunteers who said a proper cleaning requires: soap, best rubbed into hands before rinsing starts to scrub off dirt; a long 20 seconds of scrubbing (children are told to sing "Happy Birthday" or their "A-B-Cs"); and preferably, a towel wipe. After washing, visitors can check their hands under a special light to see if they did a good job of washing them.

    "We've gone two and three generations away from the farm now, so a lot of people don't have knowledge of what they're supposed to do around animals," Musser said. "It's just an extremely smart idea to wash your hands."
     

    Recent E. coli outbreak still a puzzle in northern Utah

    According to the Deseret Morning News, the Bear River Health Department cannot say for certain what caused a spate of recent E. coli cases in northern Utah, although it's pretty sure that two of the five cases were not related to the other three.

    Everyone has recovered in the town of Hyrum, there have been no new recent cases and the department is now warning residents to take precautions against foodborne and waterborne illness, since both paths have come under suspicion.

    A few of the patients had shared events that led to their illness, but not all patients shared similar stories. Health officials found a possible but unprovable connection in the water supply to the subdivision where the patients lived.

    However, since the water theory cannot be proven, officials are left with reminding residents to wash vegetables and fruits, cook meats properly and not allow cross-contamination between cooked and uncooked foods and surfaces. They are also pushing good hand-washing hygiene and avoiding direct exposure to backyard secondary water, especially among kids, such as playing in sprinklers or filling wading pools, playing in gutters and more.
     

    Summer months pose E. coli risk

    The South Dakota Department of Health has said that the 16 cases of E. coli 0157:H7 in the state by late July this year was an increase compared to the 13 cases by late July 2005.

    The increase underscores a need for consumers to be reminded of how to guard themselves against foodborne illnesses, says the Vermillion Plain Talk.

    SDSU Extension Food Safety Specialist Joan Hegerfeld offers these tips to keep foodborne illnesses at bay:
     

    • Change your wiping cloth or your dish cloth at least daily, or more often if you've recently used it for wiping up some raw meat, poultry or fish juices from your countertop.
    • Reduce handling of raw product which increases the chance for cross-contamination.
    • Consider buying your foods ready to be cooked, such as ground beef patties that are preshaped and ready to grill.
    • Store foods wisely. If the raw meat product is in the same cooler as your beverages, put them in a sealed, tight container and place them on the bottom of your cooler. Ideally, you should use two different coolers, one for your raw meat products and one for your ready-to-eat foods and beverages.
    • Use the same principle in your kitchen refrigerator: The raw meat foods should be on the bottom shelf in a container that will not allow the juices to drip on ready-to-eat foods.
    • Consider who's doing the cooking. Be sure those preparing the food know the risks involved with cross-contamination. If teenagers are preparing their own food, you may want to encourage foods that involve less preparation and handling unless you are home with them to monitor and teach them food handling practices.
    • Washing of raw meat products, chicken and fish is not necessary. However, if you choose to wash your raw meat products before preparing for cooking be sure to clean and sanitize the sink and preparation area when you are finished.
    • Wash fruits and vegetables just before eating (not when purchased, picked or stored). Running water with rubbing or brushing is best. Don't use bleach or dish soap. They will leave a residue and in many instances enter the food itself.
    • When finished preparing foods that have raw meat juices, clean and sanitize the preparation area. It's important to clean first, then sanitize. This keeps the chlorine molecules from being tied up with organic matter, so it is available to destroy the bacteria and parasites.
    • Chlorine bleach is a good sanitizing solution for a wiping cloth in the kitchen. Use 100 parts per million or 1 tablespoon for 2 gallons of water. Do not use the ultra bleach for this dilution. The water temperature should be between 75 degrees and 120 degrees Fahrenheit. If using a spray bottle, use 1 teaspoon per quart of water.
       

    Officals mum on E. coli outbreak

    The Weber-Morgan Health Department has refused to disclose the name of a Weber County restaurant where three people contracted E. coli infections, according to the Standard-Examiner.

    "We have a policy not to disclose that information," said department Director Gary House. "Our policy is to protect businesses. If we felt it was serious enough, then we would do that."

    The Standard-Examiner filed a request for the information under the Government Records Access and Management Act. Under the act, department officials have up to 10 days to respond.

    Two of the three individuals infected developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, the most severe type of E. coli infection, according to the health department.

    All three people contracted E. coli from the same source during June 28-30, a written news release from the health department said.
     

    Board of Agriculture approves rules for animal exhibitions

    The N.C. Board of Agriculture has announced that they have approved rules governing animal exhibitions at agricultural fairs.

    The rules are aimed at reducing the risk of diseases being transmitted from animals to people. The regulations were required under Aedin's Law, which the General Assembly enacted last year.

    "Animals are an important part of any agricultural fair, and these rules will help protect fairgoers as they interact with animals at these events," said Agriculture Commissioner Steve Troxler.

    The requirements include hand-washing facilities, a barrier between animal bedding and patrons to reduce contact with manure, increased signage warning of the risks associated with animal contact, and a prohibition on certain items, such as food, drinks, strollers and pacifiers, in animal areas.

    The rules are based on guidelines developed by the department and state public health officials and used voluntarily by agricultural fairs last year.

    The rules are scheduled to take effect on September 1.
     

    Cider house rules: No more raw cider sales starting in 2006

    Cider pressed from this year's apple crop will be the last that can be legally sold in New York state without being treated to kill E. coli and other microorganisms, according to The Business Review.

    New York Gov. George Pataki signed a bill into law this month that requires cider to be pasteurized or exposed to ultraviolet light. Each method destroys microorganisms like the potentially deadly E. coli 0157:H7 and cryptosporidium.

    The New York Apple Association, comprised of apple growers, asked the state Legislature to approve the cider-treatment requirement following an E. coli outbreak last fall that was traced to cider from an orchard in Peru, Clinton County. More than 300 people were sickened by the tainted cider.

    Cider made for production of hard cider or vinegar is exempt from the treatment requirement. The fermentation process also naturally kills the microorganisms.

    An estimated 5 million bushels of New York's crop goes into apple juice and cider production each year.
     

    Preparing Ground Beef for Safe Consumption

    Consumers should only eat ground beef patties that have been cooked to a safe temperature of 160 degrees F, reminds infoZine. When a ground beef patty is cooked to 160 degrees F throughout, it can be safe and juicy, regardless of color.

    The only way to be sure a ground beef patty is cooked to a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria is to use an accurate food thermometer. Color is not a reliable indicator that ground beef patties have been cooked to a temperature high enough to kill harmful bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7.

    Eating a pink or red ground beef patty without first verifying that the safe temperature of 160 degrees F has been reached is a significant risk factor for foodborne illness.

    Thermometer use to ensure proper cooking temperature is especially important for those who cook or serve ground beef patties to people most at risk for foodborne illness because E. coli O157:H7 can lead to serious illness or even death. Those most at risk include young children, seniors, and those with compromised immune systems.
     

    Update On Children Undergoing Treatment For E-Coli

    Good news comes in from Knoxville, where two daughters of a Hamilton County deputy have undergone treatment for E. coli.

    WDEF-TV reports that three out of four of Mark King's children came down with the bacteria in mid-July.

    Doctors released 8 year old Kelsey from the hospital over the weekend and upgraded the condition of her four-year-old sister Lexie from critical to serious. One-year old Harley is already home.

    The Health Department still has not determined where the family contracted the E. coli.
     

    Don't let a bad meal spoil summer: An unusually high number of E.coli cases have been reported in the region

    An unusually high number of E.coli cases have been reported in the Edmonton region in recent weeks, says the Mayerthorpe Freelancer. During the warmer summer months, the risk of food borne illness often increases as more people prepare food outdoors whether barbecuing, camping or picnicking.

    Seven cases of E. coil have been reported in the Edmonton region in the last three weeks. The infections are most often the result of eating food which has been contaminated by the E. coil bacteria. Ground beef is of special concern since it is sometimes contaiminated with E. coli.

    These safe food handling tips can help prevent E. coli infection:
     

    • Do not prepare food for others if you are ill with diarrhea.
    • Always wash your hands before handling food and after handling raw meat.
    • Before and after preparing ground meat, wash the work surface and everything you used in preparing the meat with hot soapy water. (This prevents E. coli bacteria from being transferred to other foods you may prepare on the same work surface.)
    • Keep hot foods hot (above 60C/140F ) and keep cold foods cold (below 4C/40F).
    • Most importantly, thoroughly cook all ground beef to kill disease causing bacteria. Cooking ground beef to a temperature of 71C/160F at the centre of the hamburger patty will destroy E. coli bacteria. Use a meat thermometer to ensure the meat has reached a high enough temperature. The colour of the meat and juices are not a reliable way of ensuring ground beef is thoroughly cooked.
       

    New State Law For Petting Zoos

    61 people in the US die of E. Coli infections each year, according to WFMY News 2.

    Many parents crossed out going to the petting zoo after the 2004 E. coli outbreak at the North Carolina State Fair.

    New state rules take affect later this year and some local petting zoo's are getting a jump start on it.

    A petting zoo that violates the new rules can lose its license and be forced to pay a $5000 fine.
     

    Tainted blood said assisted Mo. death

    The Associate Press reports that a hospital patient has died after receiving a unit of blood platelets tainted with E. coli bacteria.

    The Food and Drug Administration determined the transfusion, which took place at the Community Blood Center in Kansas City, was a "contributing factor" in the patient's death.

    "It truly was a tragic incident, and a very rare series of mistakes," David Graham, director of donor recruitment for the blood center, said Wednesday.

    Citing patient confidentiality, Graham said he could not discuss the hospital or the patient, other than to say the patient was being treated for a serious illness at an area hospital. Only one unit of the tainted blood was released, he said.

    Graham said the blood center discovered the blood platelets were tainted and notified the hospital hours after the hospital received the tainted unit of platelets. But the unit already had been used, he said.

    In a warning letter dated March 9, the FDA chastised the blood center, saying its procedures are "not always maintained and followed." The agency pointed out problems with inadequate training and said the blood center had failed to maintain adequate records of donors who experienced reactions such as fainting or vomiting.

    Graham said the problems had been rectified.
     

    Laser system offers cheaper, faster pathogen detection

    Food Production Daily reports that researchers at Purdue University have developed a new system that analyzes scattered laser light to quickly identify bacteria for applications in medicine, food processing and homeland security at one-tenth the cost of conventional technologies.

    The technique, called Bacteria Rapid Detection Using Optical Scattering Technology, works by shining a laser through a petri dish containing bacterial colonies growing in a nutrient medium.

    The work was started by Arun Bhunia, a professor of food microbiology and Daniel Hirleman, head of Purdue's mechanical engineering school.

    The machine bounces particles of light, called photons, off of a bacterial colony. The pattern of scattered light is projected onto a screen behind the petri dish. Individual bacterial colonies growing in a petri dish distort light passing through them, just as a lens changes light-wave patterns. The "light-scatter pattern" is recorded with a digital camera and analyzed with sophisticated software to identify the types of bacteria growing in the colonies.

    The procedure identifies a bacterial colony by comparing an image of its scatter pattern against a template that contains 120 features described by Zernike polynomials. The reduced collection of numbers describes how well the colony fits the template, and then pattern recognition software is used to classify the bacteria.

    The researchers used the new system to classify six species of listeria, only one of which is a dangerous food-borne pathogen for humans. The scientists used to system to accurately identify other types of bacterial colonies, including salmonella, vibrio, E. coli and bacillus.

    The technology does not require complicated lab equipment. A system could be designed so that it wouldn't require someone with a doctoral degree to operate.

    The researchers have filed a provisional patent for the data-processing technique, and a full patent application has been filed on the underlying light-scattering technology.

     

    E. coli school under fire for not closing

    The Little Business Academy has defended its decision not to close the school after an E.coli outbreak in its nursery.

    Nine children at the school’s Neighbourhood Nursery in East Thamesmead were struck down with the deadly bug last Thursday, according to the Bexley Times.

    The nursery was closed down while the Health Protection Agency (HPA) investigated, but Academy bosses refused to shut the remainder of the school, which teaches around 1,500 pupils.

    Concerned parents are angry the decision was not taken to close the whole school.

    A spokesman for the HPA said: "The incident team discussed at great length whether as a precautionary measure the primary and secondary schools needed to be closed following confirmation of an E.coli case at the nursery. As there was no suggestion of any cases at the schools, and no direct mixing of children on the site, it was agreed the schools should remain open. Deep cleaning is underway at the nursery. The nursery will remain closed until this has been completed."

    The spokesman added that the agency has "high confidence in the ability of the kitchen to provide food that is safe to eat. As the E.coli case was confined to the nursery only, it was advised that the primary and secondary sections should remain open. If [the HPA's South East London Unit] had advised us to close them we would have done so immediately. The safety of our students is of paramount importance."

    Dr Diana McInnes, Consultant in Communicable Disease Control at the South East London Unit, said officers were still attempting to identify the source of the outbreak.

    Parents are being advised of the situation, and staff and children will need to have had two negative test results to enable them to return to the nursery once it has been officially reopened.
     

    Toddler died of E coli

    A two-year-old girl died in Scotland after contracting a strain of the severe stomach bug E. coli, according to Guardian Unlimited.

    The toddler died over the weekend after being admitted to Glasgow's Royal Hospital for Sick Children, suffering from what is understood to have been E. coli O157:H7. Locals confirmed her death this afternoon.

    Two other children from the Dumfries and Galloway area, whose family had contact with the girl, also tested positive for E coli. Both children were admitted to Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary at the weekend but have since been discharged.

    The incubation period for E coli O157 is usually up to 14 days and symptoms can include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and fever.

    A spokesman for the Scottish executive said: "We are aware of these cases and are being kept informed by the relevant NHS boards. Our thoughts are with the families of the young children concerned."

    Dr Carol Davidson, director of public health at NHS Ayrshire and Arran, said: "Investigations into the source of the infection are ongoing, but at the moment we have no reason to believe that others outside the families affected and their contacts are at any increased risk. Our thoughts are with the families involved during this very difficult time."
     

    Tennessee children with E. coli are improving

    Three children from one family became ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections in early July. One child remains in a Knoxville hospital, hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome, but the other two are recovering, reports Newschannel 9.

    But over the last ten days, 18-month-old Harley King has been to Children's Hospital twice fighting off the symptoms of E-Coli.

    His eight year old sister Kelsey is expected to be released from a Knoxville hospital this afternoon.

    The news is not as good for four year old sister Alexis. She remains in the Knoxville hospital with attention focused on her kidneys.
     

    E. Coli Cases Rise In State

    Health officials are urging South Dakotans to practice food safety precautions and good hygiene to protect themselves from the threat of E. coli, according to the Marshall County Journal.

    60 percent of South Dakota cases in 2006 have been children younger than 20 years old, and 25 percent of cases are children three years old and younger. Three of the E. coli cases have resulted in hemolytic uremic syndrome, all in children 13 years and younger. There have been no deaths.

    Dr. Lon Kightlinger, State Epidemiologist for the Department of Health, offered the following suggestions to prevent the spread of E. coli and other food-home illnesses:

    • Avoid eating raw, rare, or undercooked ground beef or hamburger. The bacteria in meat are killed by heat when thoroughly cooked. Cook ground beef or hamburger until the pink is gone, the juices run clear, and it is hot on the inside (at least 160 degrees F).
    • Clean all food preparation surfaces that will come in contact with food.
    • Wash hands, utensils, plates, platters, and countertops after contact with raw meat or poultry and before contact with the same food when cooked.
    • Avoid drinking from untreated water supplies. Chlorine or other effective disinfectants will kill the bacteria.
    • Drink only pasteurized milk and fruit juices.
    • Wash hands after working with cattle or manure.
    • Careful hand-washing with soap will reduce the risk of spreading the bacteria by food handlers, in daycare settings, and by health care workers.

    Two Confirmed Cases of E-Coli In Hamilton County

    The Chattanooga - Hamilton County Health Department has reported that two children in their county have contracted E. coli.

    Health officials are trying to figure out where the children, 18-month-old and four-year-old siblings, contracted the bacteria. NewsChannel9 has learned that the children are doing better and in stable condition.

    The CHCHD's CDC Program Manager, Donna Needham says, "It is fecally -- orally transmitted, meaning it is shed from the rectum of a source into an object that be an animal or human. If it goes into an object that is contaminated or food that is contaminated and then it has to get to the mouth of another person. That is where the infection occurs."

    Needham says the best way to prevent E. coli is to wash hands thoroughly before eating, preparing food or after using the bathroom to reduce your risk of coming in contact with E. coli bacteria.

    Also, Needham recommends keeping raw meat away from raw vegetables and other ready to eat foods to prevent cross-contamination. Other recommendations include drinking only pasteurized milk, juice or cider and washing fruits and vegetables before eating.
     

    Undercooking burgers can lead to kidney damage: health unit

    Unless care is taken, says the Belleville Intelligencer, that summertime favorite, hamburger, can lead to sickness, perhaps even a stay in hospital or worse.

    "Unfortunately, many people get more casual about food safety when they cook outdoors," said Rebecca Mathers of the Hastings and Prince Edward Counties Health Unit. "This can lead to dangerous results, especially when cooking ground meat burgers."

    If you are not careful in handling and preparing foods, particularly undercooking meats like hamburger, contamination from E. coli bacteria can result and ingestion can lead to kidney damage and even death, Mathers said.

    "Cooking burgers to the proper internal temperature helps to destroy E. coli," she said. Beef burgers are done at an internal temperature of 71 C. Poultry burgers should reach an even higher internal temperature of 74 C. Mathers recommends the use of a thermometer, slipping the stem sideways into the centre of the burger to make sure the meat is done, rather than checking the color of the meat for doneness.

    Health unit spokeswoman Carol Snell says that there are four words to remember when cooking either indoors or out: chill, clean, separate, cook.

    Snell said to keep food in the refrigerator as opposed to on a counter or beside the barbecue; clean your hands, the workstation and produce and separate raw foods and juices to prevent cross contamination.

    "Prepare foods quickly," she said. "Cook them thoroughly and serve them immediately."
     

    Petting zoo rules aimed at E. coli

    All 11 members of the state Board of Agriculture, the policy-making body for the state Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, approved new sanitary and signage rules for petting zoos Wednesday.

    Under the new rules, the department's animal health technicians and veterinarians will inspect the petting zoos prior to the opening, reports the News & Observer. The zoos will have to have 29-inch high fences to separate animals from people and warning signs about the possible health risks of touching the animals and hand-washing stations. Food, drink and pacifiers are prohibited in the animal exhibits.

    The Board of Agriculture approved the rules this week in order to make the regulations effective in September, which is the busiest month for county fairs.

    43 people contracted E. coli at the State Fair petting zoo in 2004. As a result, last year, all 45 North Carolina county fairs voluntarily complied with the animal exhibit guidelines before they became law, agriculture officials said.
     

    Preparing Ground Beef For Safe Consumption

    The USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline reminds consumers preparing ground beef products to heed the following advice:

    • Consumers should only eat ground beef patties that have been cooked to a safe temperature of 160 degrees F. When a ground beef patty is cooked to 160 degrees F throughout, it can be safe and juicy, regardless of color.
    • The only way to be sure a ground beef patty is cooked to a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria is to use an accurate food thermometer.
    •  Color is not a reliable indicator that ground beef patties have been cooked to a temperature high enough to kill harmful bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7.
    • Eating a pink or red ground beef patty without first verifying that the safe temperature of 160 degrees F has been reached is a significant risk factor for foodborne illness.
    • Thermometer use to ensure proper cooking temperature is especially important for those who cook or serve ground beef patties to people most at risk for foodborne illness because E. coli O157:H7 can lead to serious illness or even death. Those most at risk include young children, seniors, and those with compromised immune systems.
       

    E. coli information available on Web

    An E. coli O157:H7 outbreak has been traced to a Sidney, Nebraska, day care center. The Associated Press reported that at least four children between the ages of nine and 18 months who were being cared for in the Blues Clues Room at Here Wee Grow day care center in Sidney have become ill with E. coli infections. Three children were hospitalized; two remain in the hospital, one has been released.

    www.about-ecoli.com provides information related to the symptoms and risks associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection, how E. coli is detected, possible ways to prevent infection, and recent news associated with outbreaks. Nearly ten percent of children who become ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a complication that can cause kidney failure as well as damage to the pancreas, liver, brain, and heart. In fact, HUS is now recognized as the most common cause of childhood kidney failure. Children with HUS can develop medical conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes, and often require medical monitoring and treatment throughout the rest of their lives.

    "Most people have heard of E. coli, but until someone they know falls victim during an outbreak, they don't realize how devastating E. coli infection and HUS can be," said William Marler, a Seattle attorney who has represented hundreds of victims of E. coli outbreaks. "That's where the information on these sites comes in."

    Continue Reading...

    Health inspection found E. coli in ground beef

    The Manchester Health Department found E. coli bacteria in ground beef that a family says they purchased at the Stop & Shop supermarket at 777 South Willow St.

    The ground beef nearly killed the son of John and Christina Tsirovakas, who have filed a lawsuit against the grocery store chain. In response, Stop & Shop officials have said they do not believe the family's meat was contaminated at the store.

    The ground beef, which had been kept in a freezer by the Tsirovakas family until being turned over to the state, tested posititve for E. coli.

    Tim Soucy, director of environmental health with the city Health Department, said inspectors found two critical violations at Stop & Shop in responding on Sept. 21 to the family's claims.

    One violation describes an employee grinding meat and then leaving the area without changing cloth gloves and washing hands as required. A dolley parked in front of the grind room's hand sink was cited as another violation.
     

    Day-care kids' illness likely from E. coli

    State investigators remain unsure about the exact source of the infection that sickened at least four children at the Here Wee Grow day-care center in Sidney, Nebraska.

    Health officials are assuming that the infection was most likely caused by E. coli.

    The classroom and the center's food and water supplies have been tested, but a direct tie of E. coli to the center has not been confirmed. The center was still open Wednesday but one of its rooms remained closed for cleaning and sterilization.

    At this time, health officials believe the source of the bacteria was outside the facility. The day-care staff and its board of directors are working closely with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Panhandle Public Health Department and the state epidemiologist to ensure the bacteria is contained and that the risk of further infection is eliminated.
     

    Three children in panhandle contract E. coli

    Health investigators are trying to find out how three toddlers who attend the same day-care center in the Nebraska Panhandle contracted the E. coli virus, according to KETV7 in Omaha.

    The three children range in age from 9 to 18 months and were being cared for in the Blues Clues Room at the Here Wee Grow center in Sidney. Two of the children remain hospitalized. The third child has left a hospital and is being cared for at home.

    State investigators remain unsure of the source of the E. coli, which is normally a food-borne illness.

    The classroom and the center's food and water supplies have been tested. A direct tie of E. coli to the center has not yetbeen confirmed.
     

    Drug-resistant E. coli likely started in poultry

    A study has found that the food-contaminating bug E. coli -- which can cause diarrhea, urinary tract infections and more severe illness in humans -- appears to be developing resistance to antibiotics called fluoroquinolones in chickens, reports Reuters.

    They found that 30 of the human specimens and 30 of the chicken specimens were resistant to Cipro, a type of fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

    The problem is arising largely because of antibiotic treatment of the animals, which forces the microbes to mutate and become resistant.

    Since food-borne resistant E. coli can then be transmitted to humans, action to interrupt the transmission of resistant bacteria from animals to humans may become necessary. Researchers suggest that measures could include limiting antimicrobial use in food animals, adopting more hygienic food-processing and distribution practices, irradiating food, and improving kitchen hygiene.

    They emphasize that even though the resistant organisms from humans and chickens were less virulent than antibiotic-susceptible human E. coli isolates, they are not benign. The resistant isolates are still capable of causing blood poisoning and acute urinary tract infections in humans.
     

    Family Sues Stop & Shop over Child's E. coli Poisoning

    A lawsuit was filed Thursday against Quincy, Massachusetts-based Stop & Shop, on behalf of an eight-year-old boy who became ill with a severe E. coli O157:H7 infection after eating ground beef purchased at a Manchester, New Hampshire, Stop & Shop.

    The complaint seeks compensation for the family's significant medical-related expenses, economic losses, and for Eric's pain and suffering.

    Eric consumed a hamburger made from ground beef purchased at Stop & Shop at a family barbecue. He subsequently became ill with an E. coli infection, experiencing painful abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Twenty-four hours after being admitted to Concord Hospital, he was transferred by ambulance to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Eric developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, a complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection, and spent 22 days in a pediatric intensive care unit at DHMC, undergoing several surgical procedures and eight rounds of kidney dialysis treatments after his kidneys shut down.

    Eric's medical bills to date total over $100,000.
     

    4-year-old Fallon girl battling severe infection

    Four-year old Lanie Hope Smith of Fallon, daughter of Ken Smith of Reno and Melanie Smith of Fallon, fell ill last weekend and was admitted into Banner Churchill Community Hospital on Sunday.

    Lanie's kidneys began failing and she was transferred to Washoe Medical Center, where it was determined she had an E. coli infection. While at Washoe Med, Lanie's kidneys began shutting down and her blood cell counts became dangerously abnormal.

    She was then transferred to The Children’s Hospital and Research Center in Oakland, California, where she had to undergo surgery to insert two shunts for kidney dialysis.

    Because Lanie's kidneys are compromised, excess fluid is building in her system and she now has fluid in her lungs. The little girl is hooked up to continuous dialysis and oxygen.
     

    2 Cases of E. coli in Yakima County

    The Health District hopes to soon know more about how a young Yakima county child got sick from E. coli, according to KAPP TV.

    There have been two reported cases in recent weeks; both involve children under the age of 5. Both are in stable condition. Experts say at least one came in contact with farm animals but are still not sure what caused the other.

    Health officials say E. coli typically causes diarrhea and upset stomach. It usually passes within a couple of days. Other cases can be more severe, especially in young children or seniors, who tend to have weaker immune systems, where it can develop into hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially fatal kidney complication.

    The key is to catch it early. Prevention can be as simple as washing your hands regularly to help reduce the risk of exposure.
     

    E. Coli Outbreak Hospitalizes 2 More Kids

    Newschannel5.com reports that two more children from a day care had to be admitted to Vanderbilt Children's Hospital because of complications from E. coli.

    There were currently four children in the hospital. Ten kids altogether from Macon County have come down with E. coli. The day care center has been shut down and is complying with health officials in cleaning and sanitizing the facility.

    The patients include 15-month-old Colin Hoff, as well as his older brother and eight other children from the Macon County day care he attends.
     

    Vandalism at Plymouth Pool could have made kids sick

    Vandalism that occurred the night before at Midland's Plymouth Pool has some parents concerned that E. coli might have made their children sick.

    City Parks and Services Director Marty McGuire said that at about 5 a.m. that morning, pool employees discovered human feces in the water. The discovery shut down the pool in the morning hours while the city followed procedures for such an event -- workers filtered the water and added a ramped-up dose of chlorine.

    Later that day, at 3 p.m., five children who went to the reopened pool, each of them under the age of 4, began vomiting. There were stomach cramps, diarrhea and fevers. The illness began within six hours, and each had the same symptoms. When one took her 3-year-old to the doctor, she was told the child might be sick because of E. coli bacteria.

    Midland County Health Department Director Michael Krecek, said two water samples at the pool taken earlier this month came back normal and did not detect any contamination, and that the chlorine shock treatment should have wiped out the problem.
     

    Does it look cooked? A review of factors that influence cooked meat color

    The May issue of the Journal of Food Science discussed the adequate cooking of meat in order to inactivate microbial pathogens such as E. coli and salmonella, particularly in ground meat products.

    Consumers are being advised on appropriate temperatures to which meat products should be cooked, and to use a meat thermometer to ensure these temperatures are reached.

    However, consumers are more likely to assess cooking status by the color of the meat or juice. This can be a dangerous method to gauge internal tempurature of meats, since several factors can artificially prolong the pink “uncooked” color in meat:

    • high pH
    • modified atmosphere packaging
    • rapid thawing
    • low fat content
    • nitrite
    • irradiation

    Alternatively, meat can prematurely brown, where the interior of the product looks cooked but a microbiologically safe temperature has not been reached, such as:

    • pale, soft exudative meats
    • meats packaged under oxygenated conditions
    • meats frozen in bulk
    • meats thawed over long periods
    • meats that have had salts or lean finely textured beef added

    The article concludes that the color of cooked meat is not a good indicator of adequate cooking, and the use of a food thermometer is recommended.

    Bagged salads: Better to be safe than feeling sorry

    When it comes to eating our greens, many Americans are willing to pay the extra cost of buying the ready to use bagged salads for the sake of convenience and because it is believed they do not need to be washed before serving.

    But Emily Jones of the Starkville Daily News warns shoppers that those bagged salads may not be as safe as they seem: cases of E. coli bacteria have been found in the product which is distributed by a number of produce companies.

    The State Health Department has issued the following guidelines on how consumers can protect themselves from E. coli bacteria in lettuce:
     

    • Be sure to wash your hands before handling lettuce or any raw produce - especially if you have been in contact with any raw meat.
    • Even though most of these bagged salads are pre-washed and labeled "Ready to Eat," dietitians recommend that they be washed again.
    • Keep salad refrigerated.
    • Check the expiration date before you eat it. Even if lettuce looks fresh, the E. coli can grow quickly in greens that are old.
       

    Dangerous to your health

    Sales of unpasteurized milk are illegal in Ohio; producers caught distributing to the public face criminal charges and can lose their licenses as well as their livelihood.

    But there's a bigger reason why regulators and researchers urge raw milk drinkers to reconsider: Consuming unpasteurized milk can be dangerous to your health.

    Even milk going to processing plants for milk, butter, cheese, or other dairy products is subject to monthly bacteria counts so that production stays within licensed limits.

    But raw milk advocates, many backed by guidance from the national Weston A. Price Foundation, are pushing for changes to state laws that prohibit raw milk sales, saying that citizens should be allowed to buy unpasteurized milk from farmers.

    They believe non-Holstein breeds (Jerseys, etc.) raised on pasture during the growing season and forage and root vegetables when confined, produce a milk packed with disease- and ailment-curing bacteria that can relieve asthma and straighten teeth. They also feel that pasteurization changes the raw milk into something that is dangerous for humans.

    However, regulators know that bacteria such as E. coli can be plentiful in raw milk, causing illnesses ranging from upset stomachs to hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially fatal kidney disease.

    In Ohio, the only legal means of obtaining and consuming raw milk is to own the cow of origin. In Wayne and Holmes counties, many dairy farmers choose to drink milk straight from their bulk tanks, where it's pumped directly from their cows.

    Producers who were aware of the risks of food-borne pathogens were less likely to drink unpasteurized milk. But others continue to drink raw milk even after understanding the dangers involved, saying that it was easier to walk 15 feet into their milking parlors and pull a jug rather than driving miles down the road and paying for it.

    For farmers and consumers accepting those risks, experts recommend that they refrigerate their raw milk supplies as quickly as possible. And they should think twice about giving it to the elderly or young infants or others with compromised health or to visitors who aren't used to drinking it.
     

    Producers differ on whether to drink raw milk

    Though it's illegal in Ohio to sell or distribute to consumers, federal and state agriculture officials are aware raw milk is being used by farm families.

    In Ohio, about 30 million pounds of the 4.5 billion pounds of milk produced last year was used on farms, including 25 million pounds fed to calves and 5 million pounds "used for milk, cream and butter" by farm households, according to the USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service.

    As the debate continues among state legislators, regulators and natural-food advocates, local farmers are going about their business and drinking their own raw milk in the state's top dairy-producing region.

    Many Grade A dairy farmers contacted by The Daily Record drink the milk their cows produce twice or three times each day. A few pasteurize fresh milk before using it in their households, eliminating dangerous microorganisms but retaining much of the creamy flavor and consistency.

    But nonfarm families apparently are drinking raw milk regularly, too. State inspectors have actually found money jars left next to bulk tanks they suspect are used by consumers purchasing milk straight from farmers. Though they aren't staunchly opposed to changing state laws to allow such sales, none of the farmers interviewed said they have sold or would want to offer supplies directly to customers.

    They are concerned about the risks involved should a customer fall ill from bacteria such as E. coli, such as the recent West Coast outbreak. The debate continues though, although it’s pretty apparent that additional regulation and inspecions are helpful in keeping contamination down.

     

    Dee Creek Farm owners appeal fine related to E. coli outbreak

    Anita and Michael Puckett, owners of Dee Creek Farm, the dairy that caused an E. coli outbreak last winter are appealing an $8,000 state fine, still asserting they didn't need a license for their raw milk program.

    The state investigated the dairy after E. coli -infected milk sickened 18 people in December. Five children were hospitalized, including two who were on life-support before recovering.

    Raw, or unpasteurized, milk can be sold legally in Washington, but only with a state license and regular inspections. According to state officials, the Pucketts' farm had numerous health and hygiene violations and could not have come close to passing an inspection. In additon, the Pucketts never had the required license and also did not test their cows for tuberculosis or brucellosis. Also, they brought a cow from Oregon without required veterinary tests.

    The Pucketts, though, claim their practice of selling "shares" of their cows and then giving the "co-owners" milk isn't technically selling. The state didn't agree, notifying the Pucketts in August that they were breaking the law because any exchange of money for milk constitutes a sale.

    The state expects the hearing will be sometime this summer. The farm remains under a cease-and-desist order from the Cowlitz County Health Officer and also faces the threat of civil lawsuits by former customers.
     

    Barbecuers advised to pay attention to internal temperature when cooking meat

    The University of Guelph's Food Safety Network is advising summer barbecuers to pay close attention to internal cooking temperatures when cooking meat.

    In the June edition of Farmscape, the Food Safety Network’s information center manager Dr. Sarah Wilson notes it's always important to make sure meat, especially ground meat, reaches an internal temperature sufficient to kill any bacteria.

    She explains that during the meat grinding process, any bacteria that might have been on the surface of the cut of meat is ground into the meat so it essentially mixes the potential bacteria throughout the meat. To prevent foodborne illness in ground meats, it is important that the meat reached an adequate temperature to kill that bacteria that might have gotten mixed in.

    Dr. Wilson recommends that ground beef and pork should be cooked to an internal temperature of 71 degrees Celcius, and 80 degrees Celcius for ground chicken.

    For rare cuts of those particular whole muscle items, rare is 60 degrees Celsius, the end point temperature. Medium is 71 degrees Celsius and well done is 77 degrees Celsius. For pork chops, pork roasts and fresh cured ham, 71 degrees Celsius is the end point temperature that should be reached.
     

    Petting zoo blues: barnyard exhibits are bad for people and animals

    Last spring, at least 26 children and four adults contracted life-threatening E. coli infections after visiting petting zoos at the Central Florida Fair in Orlando, the Florida Strawberry Festival in Plant City, and the Florida State Fair in Tampa. The E. coli bacteria was traced to six animals used by Ag-Venture Farm Shows, the company that supplied the animals at all three fairs.

    But instead of shutting these exhibits down, health officials simply warned people to wash their hands after petting the animals, use hand sanitizer, and/or wear plastic gloves.

    Heather Moore, senior writer for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, wrote the American Chronicle, saying that she thinks that these measures simply aren't good enough when children's lives are at risk, particularly as they do nothing to prevent people from inhaling the bacteria.

    Thousands of people who visit petting zoos every year are exposed to what the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta calls a "significant risk" of contracting salmonella and E. coli infections from reptiles and domestic animals.

    Tests over the years by health inspectors have shown that E. coli can be lurking in rafters, bleachers, walls, and in sawdust – not necessarily on just the animals.

    Moore feels that agricultural exhibits such as petting zoos pose a real health threat to humans, especially to children. In addition, she feels that the animals who are in the petting zoos are also not adequately protected. Often penned in close quarters, the stress animals go through while being displayed and petted is inhumane. She also feels that animal exhibits are not educational, since children are rarely informed about the fact that most of the animals end up in slaughterhouses.

    In conclusion, Moore states that she feels that animal exhibits “are bad news – they endanger public safety and exploit animals. It's time to stop downplaying the risks and the abuse and shut them down for good.”
     

    Burger bill dangerous

    An editorial on The Herald Online in South Carolina discussed those of us that prefer to eat their hamburgers on the rare side, and a new bill being introduced.

    Since the mid-1990s, the state has required restaurants to cook hamburgers one way: Well done. But a bill recently passed by the General Assembly would allow patrons to order burgers cooked to less than 155 degrees.

    The new rule, which still must be signed into law by the governor, comes weighted down with special provisions. For example, only those 18 or older could order a medium-rare burger. Restaurants would be permitted to choose whether they want to offer burgers cooked to lower temperatures, and those that do must provide written or verbal notice to let diners know the restaurant cannot be held responsible if someone gets sick.

    The editorial reminds us that cooking hamburger meat to 155 degrees or higher eliminates the risk of foodborne illnesses caused by bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella. They ask, "when restaurants are involved, the question of liability becomes more complicated. What if an underage patron is served a medium rare hamburger, gets sick and dies? Who should be held legally responsible?"

    A year ago, South Carolina faced the largest case of food-borne illness in recent history. Nearly 300 people were sickened from a salmonella outbreak at a restaurant. One patron died. More than 40,000 people are poisoned by salmonella each year, about 600 of them dying from the illness. The editorial asks why legislators would consider passing a bill that allows for the possibility of a repeat.

    Wash produce before you eat to prevent E.coli

    One family has found E.coli and salmonella in some unexpected places: fruits and vegetables.

    Ten years ago, like most nights, Rita Bernstein served her family salad for dinner: lettuce that came out of a bag, supposedly already washed. In a matter of days, her daughters Haylee and her sister were in the hospital, sick from E.coli on the lettuce.

    Haylee endured brain surgery, dialysis and now she's a diabetic.

    Unfortunately, Haylee's story isn't the only one of its kind. According to the FDA, there have been at least 19 E.coli outbreaks in lettuce since 1995; 425 people have become seriously ill and two have died.

    Bacteria aren't just a concern with lettuce. Melons can carry salmonella on the outside, and if you don't wash it, what's on the outside will seep into the inside.

    The FDA reminds consumers that washing is the key to keeping foodborne illnesses at bay.

    Hot lettuce market obscures 'Dateline' impact

    A hot lettuce market caused by decreased supplies blurred any impact that might have occurred following the late April report on NBC's television program "Dateline" linking several cases of E. coli-related sickness with bagged lettuce, reports The Produce News.

    There had been little to no decline in sales after the “Dateline” broadcast, and few calls came in to grower-shipper representatives – showing little concern from consumers.

    The broadcast also coincided with a shortage situation, which saw the lettuce market rise to as high as $30 during the first few weeks of May.

    Growers in the Salinas valley saw more flooding this year, which caused a planting gap, which would then cause a harvesting gap. They are making up for the loss in productivity with imported lettuces from Mexico, where lettuce production has increased tremendously in recent years.
     

    The E-coli danger to health

    The latest outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 in Scotland serves as a reminder that there is no room for complacency in dealing with the potentially fatal food poisoning organism, says Scottish newspaper The Herald.

    Three new cases of E. coli, apparently linked to a butcher's shop in Law, South Lanarkshire, were confirmed yesterday. The cases were not linked to recent outbreaks in Fife and Grampian.

    Professor Hugh Pennington, the eminent microbiologist, produced 32 recommendations to minimise future risk after the Wishaw outbreak. Prof Pennington also pointed out that there is no hard and fast explanation why E. coli infections should be up to four times more common in Scotland than England.

    The Herald wonders if the Professor’s recommendatioins had not been heeded. It reminds everyone that with this health hazard in our midst, it is imperative that everyone take as many precautions as possible to keep it in its place, whether as parents, consumers, carers or businesses.

     

    Magna Medical Services Inc.: New instant Salmonella and E. Coli tests available for food service industry

    Today, a new instant screening test for harmful levels of E. coli and salmonella will be available to the food service industry worldwide, according to Magna Medical Services Inc.

    The test can alert food handlers to levels of harm within minutes, instead of the routine 2 - 5 days it takes to verify contamination from lab culture samples.

    The screening test was developed by a medical consortium of industry and clinical facilities, and is distributed by Desaderal Inc. in Canada and Magna Medical Services Inc. in the United States.

    The MMS Salmonella strip can detect 50 of the most common and deadliest strains. The strips are submerged in food samples, if the organism is present the strip will change color. Each strip will cost approximately $2.50 and will be sold through restaurant food vendors worldwide.
     

    Beware the "medium" burger on the barbecue: Minced or chopped up meats should not be cooked to preference says safefood

    European food safety group safefood is urging consumers to be extra vigilant when cooking meats that have been minced, skewered or rolled such as burgers, sausages and kebabs. These types of meats should be thoroughly cooked and never served rare or pink in the middle.

    With whole cuts of meat, such as steak, any harmful bacteria will live on the outside only. However, when meat is minced or chopped up, the bacteria is moved around. These meats must be cooked thoroughly to avoid food poisoning.

    The World Health Organisation has reported at least 40% of foodborne illness occurs in the home. A further report has found that 50% of burgers cooked in the home were not properly cooked. The same study revealed that harmful bacteria were found in 40% of foods cooked at barbecues.
     

    Potentially fatal E. coli outbreak linked to theme park

    All 17 people infected with the potentially fatal strain of E. coli bacteria visited Akita Furusato Mura (Akita hometown village) in Yokote city, Japan, during the recent Golden Week holidays, or had family members who visited the park during the same period.

    Six of the 17 infected people required hospitalization for diarrhea or severe stomach pain.

    The park’s Akachan Dobutsu-en (baby zoo) is a petting zoo with 89 types of animals that attracted approximately 34,000 people during the holiday week.

    Golden Week is a national labor holiday that runs from April 27 through May 7.
     

    Petting zoos are a health risk

    Jennifer O'Connor of the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in Norfolk, Virginia, wrote to the Arizona Daily Star regarding a recent article about petting zoos.

    In her letter, she says that she feels the “article did readers a disservice by not warning them about the very real health hazards of petting zoos.”

    She goes on to say that “Petting zoos are hotbeds of E. coli bacteria, and numerous children have been infected with this potentially deadly illness after visiting such displays. Some have died. Infections can spread through direct animal contact or simply by touching the surroundings near an animal exhibit. Petting zoos have nearly disappeared in Florida after 26 people were confirmed stricken with E. coli, including 23 children, after visiting petting zoos at local fairs. The last thing any parent wants is their child getting sick; avoiding petting zoos is one simple way parents can ensure their kids' health and well-being.”
     

    HealthWatch: Safe Grilling

    On The Early Show on CBS, Dr. Richard Raymond of the U.S. Department of Agriculture has plenty of advice about avoiding food poisoning while cooking outdoors.

    He says salmonella is the most common food-related illness. Although the number of cases has dropped, people still ignore the basics: clean, separate, cook and chill.

    He outlined the four main rules:
     

    • Wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling meat, especially poultry.
    • Separate your raw meats from the rest of your food. People often take a plate of raw meat to the grill, then put the cooked meat back on the same plate.
    • Cook your meat at 165 degrees. This is the minimum to safely cook meat.
    • Chill your food when you're not eating it. People often leave the potato salad out on the picnic table for hours before people get to it.
       

    Dr Raymond also stressed that vegetable-related illnesses have been getting more common. Scientists don't know why some veggies are more prone to bacteria than others, but, basically, people don't realize they can get sick from vegetables being left outside or not being properly chilled.

    Is the pool you use safe?

    Brent Solomon of WALB TV warns parents: is the pool that your child goes swimming in safe?

    There are national outbreaks of water borne illnesses each year, but unfortunately, the safety of water often cannot be seen by the naked eye.

    Each year places with public pools have to re-apply for a permit. That's when the Health Department comes out and makes sure the pool is properly treated. After that, inspectors come back at least once during the year un-announced to make sure the water is still safe.

    Pool operators are also supposed to test their pools several times a day – so if there are any questions, you can simply contact the health department and request to find out if the pool you use passed its last pool inspection.

    The health department says it tests a number of public pools, including hotels and parks - but they do NOT test pools at apartment complexes. If you're concerned about your apartment's pool, you can contact your leasing office and ask how often they treat the water, recommends Solomon.
     

    USDA FUNDS RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF E. COLI O157:H7 IN FRESH PRODUCE

    USDA has awarded $1.2 million to a collaborative research effort to identify sources and risk factors of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in fresh produce, according to a USDA press release.

    The funds will also be used to inform growers about strategies to prevent pre-harvest contamination, according to Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns.

    There have been 16 outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 illness associated with fresh lettuce or spinach since 1995. Several of these were associated with preharvest contamination.

    USDA's Agricultural Research Service and the University of California College of Veterinary Medicine will collaborate with the California Department of Health Services Food and Drug Laboratory to conduct the research.

    The grant was funded through USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service's National Research Initiative.
     

    Don't get burned by bad barbecue habits

    Summer is prime time for grilling and enjoying foods outdoors. But Leslie Beck of the Globe and Mail warns us against the possible risks involved with barbecueing foods.

    Research suggests too much grilled meat, chicken, even fish, might increase the risk of breast, colon, stomach and prostate cancers. What is important is the type of food you grill, what you do with it before it meets the grill, and how long you keep it over the heat.

    Cooking meat at high temperatures when grilling, broiling or frying creates chemicals called heterocyclic amines (HCAs) that are not present in uncooked meats. They're formed when amino acids and creatine react at high temperatures. Researchers have identified at least 20 heterocyclic amines that are formed during the cooking of meat that may raise cancer risk. In January 2005, the U.S. government added HCAs to its list of known and potential carcinogens.

    HCAs interact with enzymes in the body to produce carcinogens that can bind to DNA, causing damage that can lead to cancer. In lab animals, HCAs have been show to cause cancers of the stomach, liver, colon, prostate and breast.

    These safe-grilling tips will help minimize the formation of HCAs and PAHs when you barbecue.
     

    Keep portions small, lean

    For the safest grilled meats possible, choose lean cuts and trim excess fat before cooking. Keep portions small to cut down on grilling time. Cancer experts recommend eating no more than three ounces of red meat per day. If you love red meat, make kebabs since they cook more quickly than whole steaks.

    Precook meats

    For meats that require longer cooking times, partially cook in the microwave, drain the juices, then finish on the barbecue. Research has shown microwaving meat for two minutes prior to grilling resulted in a 90-per-cent decrease in HCA content. If juices formed during microwaving were poured off before further cooking, HCA content was even lower.

    Marinate meats

    Scientists have learned that even briefly marinating foods before grilling can reduce the formation of HCAs as much as 99 per cent. A marinade may act as a barrier, keeping flames from touching the meat. It's also possible certain ingredients in a marinade -- vinegar, citrus juice, vegetable oil or spices -- may help prevent carcinogen formation. If you're planning to marinate longer than 30 minutes, do so in the fridge.

    Lower the temperature

    Cooking at a lower temperature will decrease the formation of HCAs. Turn the gas down or wait for the charcoal to become low-burning embers. Raising the grilling surface from the heat also reduces the likelihood of flare-ups. Oven roasting and baking are done at lower temperatures, so fewer HCAs are likely to form. Poaching, stewing and boiling create negligible amounts of chemicals.

    Flip burgers often

    A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that burgers cooked at a lower temperature and turned every minute while cooking had 75- to 95-per-cent fewer carcinogens than burgers turned only once after five minutes of cooking.


    But don't undercook your burgers. In order to kill harmful bacteria in ground meat, burgers must be cooked properly. Cook beef burgers to an internal temperature of 160 degrees F and poultry burgers to 175 degrees F. The only reliable way to know if your burgers are done is to test each one with a digital meat thermometer. You can't judge by colour -- beef patties may be brown in the centre before reaching a safe temperature, or can actually stay pink even after reaching the right temperature.

    Prevent drips

    To reduce smoke and flare-ups, avoid letting juices drip into the flames or coals. Use tongs or a spatula to turn foods, rather than piercing meat with a fork. You can also cover the grill with punctured aluminum foil before you cook to protect the food from the smoke and fire. Keep a water bottle handy for coals that flare up. Remove all charred and burned portions before eating.

    Grill veggies and fruit

    Throw plenty of vegetables and fruit on the grill such as peppers, onion, mushrooms, eggplant, fennel, squash, sweet potato, pineapple, even mango. Harmful chemicals are not formed when you grill these foods, although you should still avoid eating the black char. Other healthy grilling choices include soy burgers, tofu, and thin-crust pizza.

    Family attack 'negligent' response to E coli alert

    The grandfather of one of the children who suffered kidney failure in the Fife nursery E. coli outbreak has called for a public inquiry, accusing health officials of negligence which he says delayed the child's treatment by up to 48 hours, reports The Scotsman.

    Dr John Young said that the parents of 22-month-old Abigail Young did not receive a letter from NHS Fife telling families of the first E. coli case among children attending the Careshare nursery at Lauder College.

    As a result, the parents did not know that the sickness and diarrhea their daughter was experiencing was due to something more serious.

    Dr Young claimed the lack of communication led to a delay in the child being diagnosed with E. coli, and that the decision by NHS Fife officials to "play down the risk" of further infections was negligent.

    So far four children, including Abigail, are being treated at Yorkhill Hospital in Glasgow for kidney failure. Four other children and an adult have been diagnosed with E coli infection. A further 27 people are described as possible cases.
     

    U of G Food Scientist Finds Effective Way to Clean Produce

    University of Guelph food scientists have found a more effective way of cleaning vegetables that can dramatically reduce the risk of contamination, according to The Fountain Pen.

    Scientists have studied the effects of cleaning produce using UV light. Produce is sprayed with hydrogen peroxide at the same time as they are being illuminated with UV light. The process inactivates bacterial cells.

    The process is already used to decontaminate milk, juice, and soup cartons. The hydrogen peroxide turns into nontoxic water during the treatment.

    To test this method on produce, Prof. Keith Warriner of the Department of Food Science artificially contaminated tomatoes, cauliflower, iceberg lettuce, romaine lettuce, Spanish onions and broccoli with Salmonella. After "cleaning" the vegetables using the hydrogen peroxide/UV method, "we managed to achieve 99.999-per-cent inactivation of the Salmonella," he said.

    This new way of cleaning produce will not only make food safer to consume, but it should also extend the shelf life of products because vegetables are often spoiled by microbial action, said Warriner.
     

    E. coli solution: it's a wash

    Milton Ingram, the general manager of the Wayne Regional Agricultural Fair in Goldsboro, N.C., thought back to his days as a schoolteacher to come up with a creative way to attract children to wash their hands at the fair.

    He had his construction workers fashion wash stations that looked like building blocks painted in a rainbow of colors and made them 20 inches high to be at eye-level for kids, says Amusement Business.

    He also added signage in noticeable yellow and black, using English and Spanish, and printed with large letters.

    The Wayne fair already offered hand-washing stations for patrons before fall 2004. But when 108 cases of E. coli were linked to the North Carolina State Fair, all fairs in the state reassessed signage, traffic patterns and hand-washing stations after the General Assembly passed legislation requiring them to step up preventative measures.

    In addition to the handwashing stations, all animal exhibits in North Carolina now must have a 29-inch barrier between animals and visitors. That, in addition to the strategic placement of handwashing stations and signage, eliminating food from animal areas, and coordinating visitors’ traffic patterns so they are directed towards handwashing stations, minimize the ways that visitors can become infected.
     

    Petting zoos are linked to E. coli risks

    LA Times writer Janet Cromley knows that people, especially children, love going to the zoo. But she cautions visitors to animal exhibits about the risk of E. coli infection.

    Since October 2004, petting zoos in North Carolina, Florida and Arizona have been linked to outbreaks afflicting nearly 200 visitors, mostly children.

    The main problem is that many visitors don’t think about the possibility of bacteria such as E. coli getting on their hands and then in their mouths either through touching or through handling food and drinks, both without washing hands properly.

    The most basic precaution – hand washing – can prevent transmission of the bacteria.
     

    Beefed-up bill in hot seat: Lawmakers to decide whether rare meat is OK

    The numerous outbreaks due to E. coli contamination of hamburger meat nationwide have led legislators to push a bill to protect the hospitality industry from lawsuits.

    House Bill 3640 would allow restaurant customers to order rare hamburgers cooked to a temperature below 155 degrees. The amendment would provide restaurants with immunity from liability if a customer becomes sick from eating the rare meat.

    Restaurants must also provide written warnings to customers on menus or other signs that there may be health risks.

    The bill passed the South Carolina House and is now in the Senate, but may not make it through the Senate Medical Affairs subcommittee before the legislative session ends.
     

    Poisoned produce

    WHDH TV's Bryon Barnett reported on produce that can be contaminated with bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella, and how consumers can minimize their risk.

    Contamination most likely happens where the fruits and vegetables are grown, says Barnett. Run off water, nearby grazing animals and birds flying above all can contribute to the problem. A recent study shows that you're actually more likely to get sick from produce than poultry, beef and even eggs.

    The FDA recommends that we wash all fruits and vegetables, even if you only eat what's on the inside. Any contamination that may be on the surface of the produce may get inside if they are not washed.

    They also recommend using a soft brush on produce with hard surfaces and to always wash your hands before handling any food.

    Cross contamination can also be avoided by not keeping any raw meat near produce when shopping.
     

    Picture perfect method to detect deadly bacteria

    Scientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, New York, have developed a system in which a treated silicon chip is combined with a digital camera to identify E. coli instantly.

    Some types of E. coli produce toxins that can make people sick and can even be fatal. Health inspectors commonly search for the bacteria in meat and other foods. But testing usually meant days of waiting for food or water samples to culture in a laboratory Petri dish.

    The new method gets E. coli, and not other bacteria, to adhere to the chip, by adding a capture protein the the surface of the chip. The silicon chip, which is used just once for each sample, is coated with an E. coli protein---called a Translocated Intimin Receptor, or TIR--that harpoons E. coli bacteria and no others.

    If E. coli is captured, it causes the chip’s surface to reflect, causing a burst of light that is then caught on the system’s digital camera. A burst on the camera's screen means E. coli lurk.

    The technology, being developed into a commercial product at an independent company, could also be modified to detect other kinds of bacteria. Coating the chip with different proteins would allow it to capture other bacteria. And coating it with a mixture of proteins would in theory let the system detect many types of bacteria in a single sweep.
     

    National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection to hold public meetings

    The USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service announced that the National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection will hold public meetings to discuss issues related to the further development of a more robust risk-based inspection system.

    The following issues will be discussed:

    • Measuring Establishment Risk Control for Risk-based Inspection
    • Strategic Implementation Plan for Enhancing Outreach to Small and Very Small Plants
       

    The NACMPI was established in 1971 to provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary of Agriculture regarding meat and poultry inspection programs. The committee, which generally meets twice a year, addresses food safety and policy issues affecting the USDA.

    Finding the source of E. coli in your veggies

    Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness from bagged salad have resulted in 26 cases in three Midwestern states with 10 similar cases occurring in Minneapolis hospitals in three days.

    State and federal health officials have launched a wide-ranging investigation to figure out how E. coli O157:H7 got into the lettuce.

    Some food scientists wonder if the practice of coring the lettuce right in the field creates an opportunity for E. coli to enter the plant. At the packing plant, the lettuce is chopped, sliced, mixed and washed. Experts fear that in this process, even a small amount of E. coli contamination can be spread around and end up in many bags of salad.

    While the investigation is ongoing, consumers can take preventative steps:
     

    • Wash the salad before serving. Even though bag lettuce is pre-washed and is labeled ready to eat - Wash it again! Chemical rinses and other treatments for washing raw produce (usually called fruit and vegetable washes) are now sold in most grocery stores, however these can be costly. In the home, the best procedure is to wash fruits and vegetables with distilled or bottled water. This method is recommended because distilled or bottled water has been filtered and purified to remove contaminants.
    • If distilled or bottled water is not available, wash the produce for at least one minute under running tap water.
    • Wash your hands. This cannot be stressed enough. Always thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water after handling raw meat and before you handle any other utensils or other food items.
    • Clean food preparation surfaces frequently. Clean the counter top, cutting boards, and utensils with hot, soapy water after preparing each food item. Always clean any surface that has come in contact with raw meat, before any other item is placed on that surface.
    • Avoid cross contamination by keeping vegetables separate from any raw meats.
    • Refrigerate the bagged salad and keep it refrigerated until serving.
    • Check the expiration date, or the "eat by" date, before serving. Even if the lettuce looks good, you should know that E.coli can grow quickly in deteriorating greens.
       

     

    Bacterium that puts youngest at the most risk

    E. coli O157:H7 is a bacterium which is much more likely to produce complications in young children than adult patients, says Helen Puttick of The Herald.

    For some patients, the toxins produced by the strain overwhelm the body and the organs fail. Infants can also suffer severe brain damage as a result of minor strokes, potentially leading to paralysis. But such cases are rare. Kidney failure is, however, more common, as is the case for children at a nursery in Fife.

    Professor Hugh Pennington, the diseases specialist who led an expert group following the Wishaw E-coli O157 outbreak in 1996 and is now chairing an inquiry into the Welsh incident, says that “Many outbreaks of E. coli have been in nurseries. That is partly because kids are more susceptible to the bug and also because they are not yet trained in hygiene, so opportunity for person-to-person spread is much greater."

    Environmental health officials have carried out swab tests inside the nursery to check for the presence of the germ, while the children, staff, and families of the three patients are being offered stool tests for the infection.

    Letters are also being sent to the relevant homes, advising on thorough hand-washing to prevent further spread of the disease. However, as E. coli O157:H7 incubates for up to 14 days, even with these measures in place and the Careshare Group nursery shut, more people could yet fall ill.
     

    Thermal inactivation studies of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties

    The May edition of the Journal of Food Protection studies D- and z-values of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties.

    Inoculated meat was packaged in sterile bags, which were immersed in a circulated water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, 65, 67.5, and 70 degrees C for different lengths of time, and D- and z- values calculated.

    The results of this study can be used by food processors to validate their processes and help eliminate pathogenic bacteria associated with chicken-fried beef products.
     

    Thermal inactivation studies of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties

    May 2006
    Journal of Food Protection, Volume 69, Number 5 pp. 1080-1086(7)
    Osaili, T.; Griffis, C.L.; Martin, E.M.; Beard, B.L.; Keener, A.; Marcy, J.A.

    Abstract:
    Thermal inactivation studies were used to determine the D- and z-values of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken-fried beef patties. Inoculated meat was packaged in sterile bags, which were immersed in a circulated water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, 65, 67.5, and 70 degrees C for different lengths of time. D- and z-values were determined with a linear regression model. Average D-values at temperatures 55 to 70 degrees C were 27.62 to 0.04 min for E. coli O157:H7, 67.68 to 0.22 min for Salmonella, and 81.37 to 0.31 min for L. monocytogenes. The z-values were 5.2 degrees C for E. coli O157:H7, 6.0 degrees C for Salmonella, and 6.1 degrees C for L. monocytogenes. The results of this study can be used by food processors to validate their processes and help eliminate pathogenic bacteria associated with chicken-fried beef products.

    Inactivation by ultrahigh-pressure homogenization of Escherichia coli strains inoculated into orange juice

    The May edition of the Journal of Food Protection evaluates the efficacy of ultrahigh-pressure homogenization for inactivation and/or sublethal injury of two strains of E. coli inoculated into orange juice.

    Samples of orange juice that had been treated with ultrahigh temperatures were inoculated with E. coli in the stationary phase of growth and then treated for one cycle with a double-valve UHPH machine.

    Counts of viable and injured bacterial cells were obtained for samples taken 2 hours after UHPH treatment and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 27, and 33 days of storage at 4 degrees Celsius.

    The inlet temperature and the strain type both influenced significantly the lethality effect on E. coli, which was higher when the inlet temperature was 20 degrees Celsius.

    The changes in viable counts over time for both strains in pressurized and control samples were similar. The viable counts remained high from day 0 to day 18 and then tended to decrease. After 27 days of storage at 4 degrees Celsius, E. coli O157: H7 was more resistant in orange juice samples pressurized at inlet temperatures of 6 and 20 degrees Celsius.
     

    Survival of a five-strain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the 60-day aging period of cheddar cheese made from unpasteurized milk

    The May edition of the Journal of Food Protection discusses a study to investigate the adequacy of the 60-day minimum aging to reduce the numbers of viable pathogens and evaluate milk subpasteurization heat treatment as a process to improve the safety of Cheddar cheeses made from unpasteurized milk.

    The FDA Standard of Identity for Cheddar cheeses requires pasteurization of the milk, or as an alternative treatment, a minimum 60-day aging at 2 degrees C for cheeses made from unpasteurized milk, to reduce the number of viable pathogens that may be present to an acceptable risk.

    As part of the study, Cheddar cheese was made from unpasteurized milk inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of acid-tolerant Escherichia coli O157:H7.

    The study confirms previous reports that show 60-day aging is inadequate to eliminate E. coli O157:H7 during cheese ripening. Sub-pasteurization did result in E. coli O157: H7 reduction.
     

    Attachment of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli to beef muscle and adipose tissue

    The May edition of the Journal of Food Protection discusses Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli, or STEC.

    STEC causes gastrointestinal disease worldwide, so an understanding of how the bacteria attaches to surfaces hopes to provide insight into how food may become contaminated.

    Initial experiments were performed to determine whether attachment differed among STEC strains and between the two modes of growth.

    The study found that loosely attached cells were of higher concentrations than those that were strongly attached.

    The mean concentrations for strongly attached bacteria for planktonic and sessile cultures were significantly higher on adipose than on muscle tissue. They also found that STEC cells in sessile culture had a greater potential to strongly attach to meat surfaces than those in planktonic culture.
     

    Can you believe it? Bagged lettuce could be our enemy:

    Janice Okun of The Buffalo News says: "So now it's lettuce that can make you sick. Who knew?"

    Most people have been aware that undercooked ground beef can be an enemy. There is a chance that the meat could harbor deadly E. coli bacteria. But one of the more sobering items in the news recently concerned some 26 people in the Midwest who became deathly ill, most likely from eating bagged lettuce, marked prewashed, that had been picked and packaged in California.

    Leafy greens (including spinach) have always been suspected of harboring E. coli since they grow in soil that has been exposed to feces-infested food and water.

    In addition, because they are usually served raw, the standard heat treatment to kill the bacteria is not utilized.

    Millions of Americans eat prewashed bagged salads safely. But the Food and Drug Administration says there have been at least 19 food-borne illness outbreaks linked to leafy greens since 1995. A total of 425 people have become seriously ill and two have died.

    Until a solution is found, experts recommend washing pre-washed lettuces under cold water and refrigerate promptly, and only for a limited time: Don't keep iceberg lettuce in the fridge for one to two weeks, leafy lettuce for more than three to seven days.
     

    TV show looks at Salinas E. coli

    "Dateline NBC," an hour-long program that averages about 8 million viewers per show, will feature a segment on Salinas Valley growers and what the agricultural industry is doing to prevent another E. coli outbreak.

    Lea Thompson, chief consumer correspondent NBC News and "Dateline" producer Jack Cloherty talked to Salinas-area growers for the segment.

    The program follows a September E. Coli outbreak in Minnesota that sickened 12 people, including three who were hospitalized. The case has been linked to salads packaged by Dole Fresh Vegetables in Salinas, although the exact source of contamination has not been determined.

    More than 245,000 bags of affected Dole products were recalled nationwide.

    According to food research firm NPD FoodWorld, about 23 percent of all salads in the United States today are made from bagged lettuce. Pre-cut salads reached $4 billion in U.S. sales last year, according to the International Fresh-Cut Produce Association of Alexandria, Va.
     

    Produce Demands Proactive Steps

    Benjamin Chapman writes in the April issue of Food Protection Trends about the E. coli outbreaks happening nationwide due to contaminated fresh produce.

    The FDA was aware of 18 outbreaks of foodborne illness since 1995 caused by E. coli O157:H7 for which fresh or fresh-cut lettuce was implicated as the outbreak vehicle. An additional case implicated fresh-cut spinach.

    These 19 outbreaks accounted for approximately 409 reported cases of illness and two deaths.

    Because they are not cooked, anything that comes into contact with fresh fruits and vegetables is a possible source of contamination. Is the water used for irrigation or rinsing clean or is it loaded with pathogens? Do the workers who collect the produce follow strict hygienic practices such as thorough handwashing? Are the vehicles used to transport fresh produce also used to transport live animals that could be sources of microbial contamination? The possibilities are almost endless, says Chapman.

    Chapman, a PhD student with the Food Safety Network at the University of Guelph and chair of IAFP's Student Professional Development Group, agrees that new methods to trace produce through the supply chain can provide a better understanding of the sources of contamination and of the ecology of foodborne pathogens.

    To capture the nutritional benefit of fresh produce while minimizing risk, programs have been, or need to be, created to reduce risk beginning on the farm and extending through to retail, he says. A good produce food safety strategy needs a variety of components that alone are meaningless but together provide a picture that shows a producer is proactive about reducing risks.
     

    How Safe Is Your Salad?

    Health experts warn that salads sold in bags may come with a potential risk, says the Daybreak Anchor.

    The Centers for Disease Control tracked precut, prewashed lettuce that was contaminated with E. coli back to the Salinas Valley in California. Dole Foods recalled 250,000 bags of lettuce, but not before twenty-five other people got very sick in three states.

    There have been at least nineteen outbreaks of this kind since 1995, including some from other brands. Over four hundred people have become seriously ill, two have died from e-coli poisoning.

    While the government is rushing to figure out how the e-coli contaminates the lettuce, experts recommend keeping salads refrigerated and to carefully check expiration dates. E-coli can grow quickly in deteriorating greens.

    And the most important tip, even though many of these bagged salads say they are pre-washed, the experts say you should wash them again.
     

    Unseen danger in bagged salads

    Lea Thompson, chief consumer correspondent for NBC News, had a chance to interview Amber Brister and her mother, Lori Olson.

    Amber had contracted E. coli poisoning last September. She had kidney failure and had to have a tube inserted through her abdomen, hooked up to a dialysis machine for 24 hours a day for about 18 days. She couldn't eat solid foods, had to be fed intravenously, and needed four blood transfusions.

    At the same time, 54-yr-old Roi Dahl was also rushed to the emergency room with symptoms similar to Amber’s. Ten similar cases hit Minneapolis hospitals in three days – all from contamination of bagged, pre-washed salad.

    Dole Foods issued a voluntary recall for the 'American Blend' and 'Classic Romaine' bag salads implicated in the outbreak, but not before at least 26 people in three states had gotten very sick.

    Olson and others who got sick want some answers, and are suing Dole foods.

    To solve the mystery of how bag salad is contaminated, state and federal health officials have launched a wide-ranging investigation. So far, that investigation shows that lettuce implicated in last fall's outbreak was grown in seven different fields in the Salinas valley of California. It was processed at a Dole packing plant in Soledad. Beyond that, the government has no idea where the E. coli came from.

    In California's Salinas valley, water contaminated with animal feces is the leading suspect in three of the E. coli outbreaks. Investigators found before each one, these low lying fields had been flooded with creek water. A sample of the creek bed tested positive for E. coli.

    Scientists believe E. coli bacteria might have been absorbed by the lettuce plant's root system. If that happens, washing the lettuce won't do any good – the E. coli is already growing inside.

    So what do you do while we wait for the scientists and the experts to figure it all out?
     

    • Even though bag lettuce is pre-washed, and is labeled ready to eat, experts say it doesn't hurt to wash it again.
    •  Make sure your hands are clean and you keep the vegetables away from any raw meat.
    • Keep that salad refrigerated.
    • Check the expiration date before you eat it. Even if the lettuce looks good, you should know E. coli can grow quickly in deteriorating greens.
       

    HUS Prognosis

    A study published in the British Medical Journal revealed that of 88 children who had contracted hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) between 1966 and 1985:

     

    •    31% had protein in their urine (proteinuria)
    •    18% had decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
    •    10% had proteinuria, decreased GFR, and hypertension
    •    3% had end stage renal disease without ever recovering kidney function.
     

     

    In addition, the study found that those patients on dialysis longer resulted in reduced GFR. A study published in The Journal of Pediatrics discussed the long-term outcome and prognostic indicators in HUS. In this study, 61 children with HUS prior to 1983 were studied. The study determined that the duration of nonpassage of urine dictated whether or not the patient would develop HUS. Patients with decreased production of urine (oliguria) that lasted for more than 2 weeks developed HUS. In addition, patients with absent production of urine (anuria) for more than 1 week developed HUS.

    A study published in Pediatric Nephrology revealed that anuria for more than 1 week and hypertension during that phase would result in loss of nephrons (responsible for filtering blood in the kidneys). Loss of nephrons would cause hyperfiltration in the parts of the kidney that still did work, resulting in progressive renal disease and kidney failure.

    Some Bagged Salads May Contain E. coli

    American retailers sell almost 6 million bags of prepared salad daily.

    Over the course of three days last September, 11 cases of E. coli poisoning hit Minneapolis hospitals. No one was certain of the cause until a public health investigation was launched.

    Although common culprits are undercooked meats, particularly ground beef, in this case the source of the outbreak was prewashed bagged salad.

    Unfortunately, it is not known at this time how the E. coli gets into the lettuce.

    Prognosis Features - Acute HUS

    1. Tonshoff B., Sammet A., Sanden I., Mehls O., Waldherr R., Scharer K., Outcome and prognostic determinants in the hemolytic uremic syndrome of children.

    "The rate of recovery correlated with the degree of oligoanuria.... The proportion of patients who recovered was lower in the presence of severe hypertension during the acute phase...."

    2. De Jong M., Monnens L. Haemolytic-uremic syndrome: A 10 year follow-up study of 73 patients.

    "All six patients belonging to the third group (oliguria for more than 14 days or anuria for more than 7 days) had late sequelae: two started dialysis more than 10 years after the initial phase; three had decreased GFR and concentrating capacity."

    3. Gagnadoux MF., Habib R. Long-term prognosis of childhood HUS.

    "after follow up of 15 to 20 years, about 25% of patients affected with typical HUS in their childhood present with some degree of renal impairment. 10% being in advanced renal failure."

    4. Kelles A., VanDyck M., Proesman W. Childhood HUS: long-term outcome and prognostic features.

    "severe hypertension, anuria lasting more than 7 days and central nervous system involvment have all been said to be associated with poor outcome that means early death and end-stage renal failure."

    Continue Reading...

    Going to the zoo? Clean up when you're done

    Karen Shideler of The Wichita Eagle reminds everyone that federal health officials warned a year ago that petting zoos, fairs and similar gatherings are potential sources of illness. E. coli is potentially deadly, and federal health officials tracked three recent outbreaks to petting zoos. Other infectious diseases, including salmonella and ringworm, also have been linked to public settings that allow human-animal contact.

    The Sedgwick County Zoo has a hand-washing station right across from the American Farm. The American Farm also has hand-washing stations inside the barn, as part of the restrooms there. There's also a place for cleaning up near the giraffe feeding station.

    The Kansas State Fair again will make waterless hand sanitizer available along the Midway and near animal exhibits.

    Good hand-washing is the single most important way to prevent the disease transmission, Shideler reminds us.

    Researcher's mixture may make meat safer

    According to the Associated Press, a researcher at Texas Tech University applied a mixture of four different lactic acid bacterium to ground beef and found the combination reduced the presence of salmonella and a harmful E. coli strain by as much as 99.99 percent.

    Researcher Mindy Brashears said the mixture is the first post-production treatment that continues to work. It was effective for up to 60 days in frozen ground beef and about a week in refrigerated beef, Brashears said.

    The study also showed the mixture doesn't affect how meat tastes.

    Brashears' study was published in the Journal of Food Safety. The mixture will be marketed by Indianapolis-based Nutrition Physiology Corp.

    The Food and Drug Administration said the mixture was safe for beef and poultry products. It isn't known when the treated meat carrying special labels will hit the market, and basic food safety practices will not be changing for the time being.

    Boundless Love: Grandmother tirelessly cares for E-coli stricken child

    When Christen Doane was 17 months old, her mother, Juanita Boyd, took her for a quick dinner at a local fast food restaurant, hoping to get back home in time to help her three older children with their homework. She ended up admitting her only daughter to Shands at the University of Florida for three months as a result of E. coli poisoning.

    While she was in the hospital she suffered from a stroke, which left little Christen severely disabled.

    Later that year, the Department of Children and Families took Christen from her mother, because they though that she was not fit to take care of four children, especially one who is handicapped. She was initially placed in a foster home, but her grandmother, Nancy Doane, adopted her.

    Christen is now a paraplegic, confined to a wheelchair, and dependent on a feeding tube for sustenance, according to the Palatka Daily News. Her mother still visits her every day, and her grandmother takes great care of her. Nancy Doane receives a $304 disability check for Christen's living costs, and Medicaid pays for her medication.

    Local organizations have stepped in to help as well. The Church of God in Palatka has just installed a wheelchair ramp in their home. The People's System branch of Developmental Services is expected to widen all their doors and put in a roll-in shower -- anything to make their living conditions more wheelchair-friendly.

    Christen, who will be 9 in May, attends E.H. Miller School in Palatka. Despite her condition, her grandmother says that they are "both really happy."

    Fries with a side of E .coli, please

    Courtney Duquette wrote a strong letter to The Ontarion at the University of Guelph, regarding the actions of restaurant workers at the Grill House on the University campus.

    She witnessed one worker use her bare hands to handle raw hamburger meat, and then, without washing her hands, handling the hamburger buns. The students were then given the assembled hamburger and sent on their way.

    Duquette felt as though the restaurant worker had no understanding of the possibility of E. coli contamination that could have happened from handling the hamburger buns after touching raw meat.

    She ends her letter, "In my opinion, I should not even have to be writing this letter. It is common sense... that one should wash one's hands after having touched raw beef, or any other raw meat for that matter." She hopes that the University feels the same way, and keeps the health of their students and employees in mind.

    Toxic Regulation

    David Schoenbrod, a former Natural Resources Defense Council litigator, was prompted to write an article based on his friends' experience with the Federal Department of Agriculture's decision to ban the sale of unpasteurized apple cider.

    Schoenbrod had focused on getting federal agencies to protect public health in the 1970s. Although he still wants the health of Americans to be protected, he feels that sometimes regulation discourages initiative and creativity.

    The FDA had decided to regulate all producers of all fruit juices after an E. coli outbreak in Odwalla fruit juice. Regulation affected small cider makers, since the pasteurization machines cost anywhere from $25,000 to $70,000. The cheaper machines obviously affected the end taste of the product, which in turn would be disastrous for small cider makers who pride themselves on the quality of their small-batch products.

    In addition, customers at the smaller cider mills complained, saying that they would stop buying small-batch cider if the mills pasteurized. They could get similar-quality product at grocery stores, they said.

    Various prototypes of alternate sanitizing procedures resulted in an ultraviolet device, but that was eventually rejected by the FDA in favor of a more obstructive device. It was an alternative to pasteurization, but was still expensive.

    Large corporations are able to keep lawyers on retainer to fight issues with the FDA and EPA - smaller cider mills don't have that luxury. In time, smaller fruit juice companies such as Odwalla was bought out by Coca-Cola; Naked Juice is now owned by Chiquita Brands. Eventually, even his friends' cider business had to endure the bureaucratic process of regulation and legislation - they eventually got a sanitizing machine, and are considering making some of their cider into hard ciders and ice wines. Of course, that takes more paperwork and inspections.

    Schoenbrod understands that agencies like the FDA and EPA favor large corporations and try to push small companies into becoming parts of larger bureaucratic organizations so they can be better controlled. The sad result is that small business owners have less individual initiative, have less creativity, and the resultant work is less enjoyable and less fruitful. He feels disheartened by the outlook.

    How's your beef safety knowledge?

    Foodservice.com's Lacie Thrall posted a great quiz about food safety in regards to beef preparation on the website. The beef industry has been making strong steps to protect our beef supply, although we still have some foodborne outbreaks from bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria.

    Restaurants and consumers are the last step in the safety chain of events for our food supply, so the quiz is a great way to educate yourself:

     

    Question: The muscle tissue of healthy cattle is sterile. True or false?
    Answer: True. Muscle tissue of healthy cattle is virtually sterile, so the main way bacteria invade is during processing, handling and preparation.

     

    Question: Beef must stay cold to help prevent spoilage and bacterial growth. Beef freezes at 28 degrees F. If we refrigerate beef, will bacteria grow on it? Yes or no.
    Answer: Yes. Bacteria still grows in refrigeration, but a much slower rate. Bacteria double every 6 hours at 40 degrees F and every hour at 50 degrees F. For beef, store it very cold (optimum 35 to 28 degrees F) to extend the shelf life and slow spoilage bacteria.

     

    Question: US Dept. of Agriculture inspects and grades the domestic meat supply. USDA beef inspection is mandatory for wholesomeness. Grading of beef is for palatability (tenderness, juiciness, and flavor when cooked.) Is USDA grading of beef mandatory in the U.S? Yes or no.
    Answer: No. USDA inspection of beef is mandatory, but grading is a voluntary program paid for by the meat packers and ultimately the consumer for the better cuts. Grading sets standards of quality and yield used in the buying and selling of beef.

     

    Question: Selection of quality cuts of beef is an important factor. According to USDA, how many "grades" of beef are there? (3, 5, or 8 grades.)
    Answer: There are 8 USDA quality grades -- Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, and Canner. Muscle firmness, color and texture, maturity and marbling are the factors that determine quality grades. The top three quality grades (Prime, Choice and Select) are the ones most familiar to consumers. Prime is typically sold to restaurants, although some specialty markets may carry it. Choice is the most widely available grade in the market followed by Select.

     

    Question: E. coli is a bacteria known for foodborne outbreaks associated with beef via cross-contamination. It is commonly found in the intestines of warm blooded animals (cattle, pigs, etc.) and humans. There are about 600 types or strains of E. coli. Do all strains of E. coli bacteria cause foodborne illness? Yes or no.
    Answer: No. Most are harmless. Only 4 of the 600 E. coli strains are known to be pathogenic (disease causing), including E. coli 0157:H7 in beef. The concern is that E. coli 0157:H7 is a very low dose pathogen, meaning it takes very few (10-100) to cause illness, compared to other types of bacteria. It has been the cause of serious health complications and even death in victims.

     

    Question: Which cut(s) of beef are more susceptible to E.coli contamination? (steak / roasts / prime rib / ground beef / or all cuts.)
    Answer:All can be contaminated on the outer surface in processing, but whole cuts such as steak and roasts are safer because proper cooking temperatures kill all forms of E. coli on the surface. Ground beef is at the greatest risk because surface bacteria are transferred to the interior of the meat during grinding and must get to a higher internal temperature to kill the bacteria.

     

    Question: A stem thermometer is recommended for checking the internal temperature of cooked beef. According to the FDA Food Code, what safe minimum temperature(s) do we cook steak and ground beef to? (125 degrees F / 145 degrees F / 155 degrees F.)
    Answer: Minimum internal cooking temperature for beef steak is 145 degrees F for 15 seconds and ground beef is 155 degrees F for 15 seconds. A-8. No -- not unless the tray and tong is washed and sanitized between the raw and cooked steps. In a food service establishment or home kitchen, educate yourself and your crew about cross-contamination prevention.

    Consumer Reminder to Properly Handle and Cook Ground Beef

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    The Kansas Department of Health and Environment's food safety and consumer protection program, and the Kansas Department of Agriculture's food safety inspection program, are encouraging consumers to properly handle and fully cook meat products before they are consumed.

    The departments are joining forces to make sure the public knows that the United States Department of Agriculture has issued a health alert as a result of 14 illnesses caused by E. coli O157:H7 between September 2005 and March 2006. The illnesses were found in California, Iowa, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Rhode Island and Wisconsin.

    The four components are promoted by USDA through its "Fight BAC!" food safety guidelines:

     

    Clean: Wash hands and surfaces often

    Wash your hands with warm, soapy water for 20 seconds before and after handling food. Wash your cutting boards, dishes, etc., with hot, soapy water after preparing each food item. Wash fruits and vegetables with cold water before using. There is no need to wash or rinse meat or poultry.

    Separate: Don't cross-contaminate

    Separate raw, cooked, and ready-to-eat foods while shopping, preparing, or storing. Never place cooked food on a plate which previously held raw meat, poultry, or seafood.

    Cook: Cook food to proper temperatures

    To be sure bacteria and pathogens are destroyed, cook ground beef products to 160 degrees F. Use a food thermometer to be sure!

    Chill: Refrigerate promptly

    Refrigerate or freeze perishables, prepared foods, and leftovers within 2 hours or sooner.

    Detection, occurrence, and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from raw ewe's milk in Spain

    An abstract in the April 2006 Journal of Food Protection discussed a Spanish study that investigated the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in raw ewe's milk collected from several cheese factories over a period of one year.

    Of all the ewe's milk samples studied, three were positive for E. coli O157:H7.

    The E. coli O157:H7 strains that were positive were then analyzed for the presence of virulent genes. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were Shiga toxigenic and harbored additional genes related to virulence.

    The results demonstrate that raw ewe's milk used in cheesemaking may be sporadically contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 strains that are potentially pathogenic for humans.

    Death of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in shelf-stable, dairy-based, pourable salad dressings

    An abstract in the April 2006 Journal of Food Protection discussed the death rates of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria in three commercially manufactured full-fat ranch salad dressings, three reduced-fat ranch salad dressings, two full-fat blue cheese salad dressings, and two reduced-fat blue cheese salad dressings. The study attempted to affirm the expectation that these dressings do not support the growth of these pathogens.

    Dressings were inoculated with low and high populations of separate five-strain mixtures of each pathogen, and stored at 25 degrees Celcius for up to 15 days.

    Regardless of the initial inoculation population, all test pathogens rapidly died in all salad dressings, ranging from 1 to 8 days maximum. The type of dressing and level of fat in the dressings did not have a marked effect on the rate of inactivation of pathogens.

    Based on these observations, shelf-stable, dairy-based, pourable ranch and blue cheese salad dressings manufactured by three companies and stored at 25 degrees C do not support the growth of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria, and should not be considered as potentially hazardous foods as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code.

    Inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on roasted turkey by edible whey protein coatings incorporating the lactoperoxidase system

    An abstract in the April 2006 Journal of Food Protection discussed the effects of whey protein isolate coatings incorporating a lactoperoxidase system on the inhibition of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 on roasted turkey.

    Initial inhibition as well as inhibition during storage were tested. The antimicrobial effect was observed regardless of whether the turkey was inoculated before or after coating.

    LPOS-WPI coatings inhibited the growth of both Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in turkey at both 4 and 10 degrees C for 42 days. The inhibition was more pronounced when the coating was formed on the surface of the turkey prior to inoculation. LPOS-WPI coatings also retarded the growth of total aerobes during storage.

    FSIS Reminds Consumers to Properly Handle and Cook Ground Beef Products

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service has issued a public health alert to remind consumers to ensure that meat products are fully cooked and properly handled before they are consumed.

    Safe steps in food handling, cooking, and storage are essential to prevent foodborne illness. There have recently been reports of E. coli-related illnesses in California, Iowa, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Rhode Island and Wisconsin.

    Consumers should follow the four "Fight BAC!" guidelines to keep food safe:

     

    CLEAN: Wash hands and surfaces often

    Wash your hands with warm, soapy water for 20 seconds before and after handling food. Wash your cutting boards, dishes, etc., with hot, soapy water after preparing each food item. Wash fruits and vegetables with cold water before using. There is no need to wash or rinse meat or poultry.

    SEPARATE: Don't cross-contaminate

    Separate raw, cooked, and ready-to-eat foods while shopping, preparing, or storing. Never place cooked food on a plate which previously held raw meat, poultry, or seafood.

    COOK: Cook food to proper temperatures

    To be sure bacteria and pathogens are destroyed, cook ground beef products to 160 degrees F. Use a food thermometer to be sure!

    CHILL: Refrigerate Promptly

    Refrigerate or freeze perishables, prepared foods, and leftovers within 2 hours or sooner.

    E. coli and the petting zoo

    Janet Cromley of the Los Angeles Times reminds visitors to zoos that although the animals may look cute and cuddly, they may be harboring bacteria that may not be as fun, such as E. coli O157:H7.

    Taking the time to raise awareness of the risks, and how to prevent them, are key to reducing the incidence of E. coli-related illnesses, she continues.

    At the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Tennessee Department of Health researchers reported that of 1,700 visitors at petting zoos in central Tennessee, 62 percent did not use hand sanitizer stations after visiting the animals.

    Another report from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control found that 28 percent of visitors to the 2005 South Carolina State Fair did not use hand-washing facilities.

    Other risky behaviors were also common in both studies, such as bringing food and drink into the zoo.

    Since October 2004, petting zoos in North Carolina, Florida and Arizona have been linked to outbreaks afflicting nearly 200 visitors, mostly children.

    Cromley suggests that parents should keep a bottle of hand sanitizer ready when going to the zoo, and insist that it be used after all contact with animals and surfaces that animals have contacted.

    Faster way to ID bacteria

    A rapid method for detecting and identifying very small numbers of diverse bacteria, from anthrax to E. coli, has been developed by scientists from the National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Standards and Technology.

    MyDNANews of Maryland reports that the work was published in the March 28 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The new method may lead to the development of handheld devices to be used for faster identification of biological weapons as well as antibiotic-resistant or virulent strains of bacteria.

    Traditional methods could take hours or even days. The new method can detect and identify cells in only about an hour.

    A provisional patent application has been filed originally through NIST, and a non-provisional patent application was filed more recently through the National Institutes of Health, the parent agency of NCI.

    Restaurant inspectors on the front lines against food-borne disease

    A Bellingham Herald analysis of unofficial internal electronic records from the Whatcom County Health Department shows that most restaurant food-related illnesses are caused by workers who don't wash their hands properly.

    In addition, dozens of restaurants and other food service establishments didn't keep food hot or cold enough, which allows bacteria to multiply quickly.

    More than 14 percent of all inspections have been cited regularly for employees not washing their hands prior to handling food.

    A state law was enacted on May 2 that now no longer allows bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat food, such as salads, sandwiches, and breads. Despite the law, establishments were still cited 59 times since June for employees touching food with their bare hands.

    Food handlers such as chefs not handling food properly actually add more negative points during an inspection than, say, rodents or dirty bathrooms. It's not as important to an inspector how pretty or clean the place is - it's more important that the food being served is not going to cause illness or disease to customers.

    Dungeness Valley Farm going raw, as in milk

    Dungeness Valley Farm is the latest dairy to start providing raw milk to the public, according to Sequim-Dungeness Valley editor Diane Urbani de la Paz.

    Since 1992, their milk had been processed by Darigold, which included homogenizing and pasteurizing the milk. With the cutting of ties with Darigold, the farm also changed their name to Dungeness Valley Creamery.

    This week, the farm will undergo a series of US Department of Agriculture inspections, which is required prior to licensing. The license is required in order to sell raw milk.

    Despite the recent E. coli outbreak at an unlicensed dairy that provided raw milk, the owners are optimistic about the demand for unpasteurized milk. Orders are already coming in as well as inquiries into their product.

    PETTING ZOOS CAN HARBOR THREAT OF E. COLI

    At the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Tennessee Department of Health researchers reported that, of 1,700 visitors at petting zoos in central Tennessee, 62 percent did not use hand sanitizer stations after their visit.

    Another report from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control found that 28 percent of visitors to the 2005 South Carolina State Fair did not use hand-washing facilities.

    Visitors are reminded that improper sanitary habits could lead to bacterial infection, such as E.coli from petting zoo animals.

    Federal law should require ID of stores that sold recalled meat

    A newly proposed rule to make meat and poultry recalls more effective is a step in the right direction, says Ohio State University economist Neal Hooker.

    However, Hooker, an assistant professor of agricultural, environmental and development economics, still feels that even more could be done. His 2004 study revealed that only about half of recalled meat and poultry are ever recovered.

    He, as well as the Food Safety and Inspection Service, is suggesting that the government should publicize the names and locations of stores with the recalled products, to increase visibility to potential consumers.

    Currently, recalled meat and poultry products are publicized on an FSIS Web site and through press releases in the states where the meat was distributed. Notifications are sent to public health agencies, wholesalers and retailers. However, retail locations where the recalled products have been sold are not listed for public view.

    Hooker is also suggesting that stores that use "customer loyalty cards" or "frequent shopper cards" could use the information in those cards to alert customers of recalls, although that suggestion is meeting with concerns about the releasing of private information.

    E. coli turns up in S.J. streams

    Traces of E. coli has been found in almost every site tested by two farm groups, Warren Lutz reports, exceeding levels considered safe at more than half the sites tested and in some cases reached eight times levels considered safe.

    The farm groups paid for the tests as part of a state program. If farm groups regulate the water that runs off of their properties, then they avoid paying for expensive waste-discharge permits. The program also cuts pesticide levels in rivers and streams that can come from rain or excess irrigation washing those products, as well as fecal matter, off of farms and into the water supply.

    A new study is being prepared to find out from where the bacteria are coming.

    Inactivation of Escherichia coli with power ultrasound in apple cider

    An abstract in the Journal of Food Sciences has been published, exploring the use of acoustic energy to secure apple cider safety.

    Different tests were conducted using ultrasound and varying tempuratures to observe cell morphology, to compare it to the current lethal tempurature for E. coli bacteria in apple cider of 60 degrees Celcius.

    It was determined that the use of ultrasound at lower-than-lethal tempuratures does kill E.coli bacteria in apple cider, and does not change the liquid's acidity, sugar content, or pH, although there were some minor changes in color and cloudiness.

    There's reason to be wary of some foods

    The Poughkeepsie Journal has provided a rundown on the foodborne illnesses that abound in our daily lives, including E.coli and salmonella.

    “There are 76 million cases of food-borne illness reported a year, with 5,000 resulting in death,” said Caroline Smith DeWaal, food safety director at the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington. “Your risk of dying is low, but your risk of getting sick is one in four. Sickness is very painful and results in doctor visits, lost work and extreme discomfort.”

    Sam Beattie, Ph.D., Food Safety Extension Specialist at Iowa State University, offers some tips to avoid infection:

    • Wash hands with soap and warm water for 20 seconds.
    • Prevent cross-contamination - don't let raw meat, fish or poultry touch foods that won't be cooked, such as lettuce.
    • Never use the same knife or cutting board without washing it first.
    • Cook foods to proper internal temperature (160 degrees Fahrenheit for ground meats, pork; 170 for poultry breasts; 180 for whole poultry; 145 for whole cuts of meat; 165 for leftovers, casseroles and ground poultry.
    • Avoid temperature abuse. Keep it hot, keep it cold, and get it cold fast.

    State to fine Dee Creek Dairy $8,000

    Friday, March 24, 2006
    By DEAN BAKER, Columbian staff writer
    Advertisement

    A Woodland dairy will be fined $8,000 for furnishing contaminated unpasteurized milk that sickened at least 18 people in the Vancouver-Portland area in December, the Washington State Agriculture Department announced Thursday.

    Those who got sick from exposure to E.coli bacteria included 15 children. Five of them were hospitalized and two were placed on life support due to life-threatening infection. All are recovering.

    The department's notice said officials intend to assess a civil penalty against Dee Creek Farm, leaving the farm the opportunity to request a hearing before an administrative law judge to contest the department's findings and the penalty.

    The department announced its investigators joined those from Clark and Cowlitz county health departments to conclusively link the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak to milk from the farm, which was operated as an unlicensed cow-share dairy, with 45 parties owning shares in five Jersey milk cows.

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    News Review From Harvard Medical School -- Bad Petting Zoo Habits Studied

    Robert H Shmerling, MD, from Harvard Medical School, was questioned about the results of three studies concerning petting zoos, bacterial infection, and preventative measures that people can take.

    What Is the Doctor's Reaction?
    More than ever before, doctors recognize the virtue of good handwashing to prevent infectious illness. I've seen the results of poor hand hygiene firsthand, when my daughter petted a variety of animals at a local fair and soon after developed a high fever and significant gastrointestinal distress (to put it mildly). I've also seen good efforts to combat communicable diseases in our hospital -- buttons worn by staff now urge patients and visitors to ask their caregivers whether they've washed their hands.

    Considering how easy it is to prevent these infections through good handwashing, we can and should do better.

    What Changes Can I Make Now?
    Here are some you can make to stay healthy during and after visiting with your favorite animals:

    1. Wash your hands after any animal contact, especially if you will be eating soon afterward.
    2. When you wash, use soap and water, lather up and scrub for at least 20 seconds, rinse well and dry. While we've all skipped one or more of these steps from time to time, take the time to wash well after touching zoo animals.
    3. Don't bring food into the petting zoo. If you eat it there, you increase the risk of becoming ill and, if an animal sees or smells the food, it may come after you!
    4. Keep your hands away from animals' mouths and don't turn your back on an animal when it is nearby.
    5. Watch your children carefully in petting zoos and be a role model for them by demonstrating good hand hygiene.

    Animal handlers also can make changes to protect the public from illness after animal exposure. For example, zoos can create transition areas between places where the public comes into contact with animals and areas where people eat; these transition areas are ideal places for handwashing facilities.

    There is no reason that interacting with animals at a petting zoo has to be risky. To reduce the risk of illness related to animal contact, public health officials and animal handlers will have to take the issue seriously and make it easy for people to take effective precautions.

    What Can I Expect Looking to the Future?
    According to a recent report from the CDC, petting zoos are minimally regulated. If the frequency of animal-related infections continues to rise -- especially serious infections such as E. coli O157:H7 -- it's likely that regulations will be strengthened to improve the safety of petting zoos and other places where people come into contact with animals.

    However, there's no reason to wait for regulations to reduce your risk of illness after visiting a petting zoo. Wash your hands often, wash them well and encourage others around you to do the same.
     

    Petting zoos can breed illness: 3 studies show bacterial infections from animal-to-human contact

    Three new studies being presented at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases meeting in Atlanta will be dealing with bacterial outbreaks at petting zoos and the simple measures people can take to prevent infection, reports HealthDay News.

    All three studies discuss human behavioral patterns and how they affect whether or not they were infected with E. coli at petting zoos. The general concensus is that simple but thorough handwashing may be the best preventative measure.

    Correct handwashing, according to Philip M. Tierno, Jr., the director of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology at New York University Medical Center, involves washing your hands the length of time it takes to sing Happy Birthday twice. "You have to wash in between your fingers, the top of your hands and under the nail beds," he said.

    Got raw milk?

    Rachel Bayne interviewed Joyce Snook for the Bellingham Herald about her farm, on which her cows give her raw milk to enjoy. Her farm is one of only six farms in the state of Washington licensed to sell raw milk to the public.

    Although raw milk may taste richer and creamier than homogenized, pasteurized milk, it is also a potentially harmful product that could be contaminated with salmonella, campylobacter, listeria, and E. coli - all bacteria that would be killed with pasteurization.

    The farms that are licensed to sell raw milk go through an exhaustive licensing process, which includes testing of the facility and the cows. An outbreak of E. coli from an unlicensed dairy reiterates the need for the stringent process.

    In much of the United States, raw milk and even raw milk aged cheese remain contraband. Transporting it across state lines is also illegal. Luckily for raw milk lovers, more small dairies are looking to get into the licensing process, which may mean more access in the future.

    Brasher: Naming grocers on tainted meats

    The Department of Agriculture is making a proposal that could ratchet up the pressure on processors, to ensure that the meat and poultry they sell isn't contaminated with harmful bacteria.

    Their suggestion, though, makes Philip Brasher of the Des Moines Register think about the impact it may have on meat producers. They want to start releasing the names of supermarkets where contaminated products have been sold to the public.

    In Brasher's opinion, consumers are going to have problems shopping at stores that might be on that list, and so it will naturally force meat processors to spend more time and attention on making sure that the product is safe for consumption.

    More and more companies are becoming fully automated so that there is little to no human contact. By creating "case ready" products, not even stocking personnel at stores or even butchers would touch the meat until the consumer opens the package at home. This should decrease the likelihood of contamination along the way.

    Common practices at petting zoos put visitors at risk

    The American Society for Microbiology informs us that most visitors aren't aware that simple prevention measures could prevent possible gastrointestinal illnesses from visiting petting zoos.

    Simple handwashing after visiting the petting zoo, including lathering with soap and washing hands before eating and after visiting the petting zoo, were found to protect against infection from bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella.

    In a survey run by researchers from the Tennessee Department of Health, the use of hand-sanitizer stations at the exits of petting zoos in middle Tennessee were monitored. Of the 1,700 visitors, approximately 62% did not use the hand-sanitizer station after visiting the petting zoo. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control conducted a similar survey, and found that 28% did not use handwashing facilities.

    In addition, both surveys found that fairgoers would often eat food from concession stands after visiting petting zoos, and eat foods normally eaten with fingers without prior sanitization. Even worse, some fairgoers would bring food and drink into the petting zoo areas and eat the food there while touching animals.

    Dangers in leafy greens

    Robert E. Brackett, director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, sent a worried letter to California vegetable growers over bacterial outbreaks involving products from their farms, including salad vegetables, sprouts, and strawberries.

    The California Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch, itself presented a report, revealing that sites susceptible to localized flooding could be contaminated periodically with E. coli.

    Even if the water used in irrigation is pure, manure used for fertilizer might be contaminated. In addition, if the supply used after harvesting to clean and chill a crop is not high-enough quality to sanitize a crop, a consumer using it after purchase without further washing could be at risk of infection.

    E. coli thriving near big dairy lot

    Almost every sample of water from lakes and streams near the 3,600-animal Hartford/Red Arrow Dairy has come back testing positive for E. coli bacteria.

    Hartford Township officials have asked the Van Buren County Board of Commissioners for help to assure that streams near the farm are not being polluted by manure from the 5,000-acre dairy facility.

    The water is testing positive upstream of the dairy as well, which is causing added concern.

    The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality has done additional testing, and will be doing a study to show that the design of farm facilities and the regulations in place to monitor their operation do the job of protecting the environment.

    Put me out of business, please.

    On March 1, 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued additional Guidelines "for the Safe Production of Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables." This seems to have been prompted by the August 2005 outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections of some thirty people, including children, who ate DOLE bagged, pre-washed lettuce. At least 245,000 bags of lettuce were recalled across the country. In that outbreak alone, eight were hospitalized, and one child developed acute kidney failure, all from eating bagged, "pre-washed" lettuce. However, this is not the first time the FDA has warned this industry, with sales nearing $4 billion annually, to clean up its act.

    In 1998 the FDA published a "guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fruit and Vegetables." In 2004 the FDA sent a letter to the lettuce and tomato industry to "make them aware of [FDA's] concerns regarding continuing outbreaks ... and to encourage the industries to review their practices." All of these concerns by the FDA were prompted by fifty-five outbreaks tied to fresh fruits and vegetables between 1990 and 1998.

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    It is still a Jungle out there

    It has been one hundred years since the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, a book that brought sweeping changes to America's slaughterhouses. Those changes, in the form of the Federal Meat Inspection Act, were prompted by the public's disgust for the filth and dangerous working conditions in which our nation's meat supply was then being produced. A century later, we should celebrate the continued improvements in slaughterhouse operations. However, as improvements were made, risks have increased.

    To put risks in perspective, take E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli), a deadly pathogenic bacterium that was discovered in the early 1980s and found primarily in cattle herds. This pathogen lives in the intestines of cattle, and sickens tens of thousands of people in the United States every year when it enters the food supply through fecal contamination during slaughter. According to the CDC, E. coli is responsible for the deaths of between fifty and one hundred Americans -- mostly children and seniors -- annually. Of those who survive an acute E. coli infection, thousands are left with permanent medical conditions, which range from irritable bowel syndrome to brain damage and kidney failure.

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    HAMBURGER, E. COLI O157:H7 BACTERIA AND HUS

    E. coli O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli.

    It was first recognized as a pathogen in 1982, during an investigation into an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis associated with consumption of hamburgers from a fast food chain restaurant. In the ten years that followed, there have been approximately thirty outbreaks recorded in the United States.

    E.coli O157:H7, the most commonly toxic strain of the bacteia, is harmful because of its ability to produce Shiga-like toxins. The toxins can cause infected people to develop hemolytuc uremic syndrome, which can cause kidney failure and possibly death.

    An estimated 73,480 illnesses due to E. coli O157:H7 infections occur each year in the United States, leading to an estimated 2,168 hospitalizations and sixty-one deaths annually. The most susceptible of all people are those who are very young, very old, or have compromised immune systems.

    Antibiotics do not appear to aid in combating E. coli infections, and recent medical studies suggest that antibiotics have a risk of provoking more serious complications. There is no known therapy for HUS.

    FDA issues guidelines for fresh-cut produce

    The Food and Drug Administration has issued its first set of safety guidelines for the way fresh-cut produce companies process precut vegetables.

    Eight outbreaks have been traced to the Salinas valley in California in the past decade, according to the FDA, reports the Monterey County Herald.

    The 64-page document focuses strictly on activities in processing facilities, particularly those involving workers' hygiene - something that most company facilities are already doing. However, by making the guidelines mandatory, smaller operations can meet the same hygiene requirements.

    Raw milk rises to top of farm agenda

    Raw milk will be the main topic at the Fifth Annual Forum on Food and Farming, hosted by the nonprofit group Foodshed Alliance.

    The Star-Ledger reports that the forum, entitled "Healthy Farms, Healthy Choices," is open to the public, but there is a $20 advance registration fee, or $25 at the door.

    Delegates to the annual state Agricultural Convention in Atlantic City passed a resolution calling for research into health risks of raw milk and whether direct sales would be feasible.

    Forum organizers hope that their convention will attract "consumers interested in raw milk to campaign to get laws changed to allow raw milk in New Jersey, to establish standards and regulations," according to Warren County farmer Matt Pearson, who has raw milk on his farm.

    FDA issues draft guidance for the safe production of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables

    The Food and Drug Administration announced in their press release that they have published a draft guidance document for producers of fresh-cut produce entitled "Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards of Fresh-cut Fruits and Vegetables."

    This draft guidance discusses the production and harvesting of fresh produce and provides recommendations for fresh-cut processing in several areas:

    • Personnel health and hygiene

    • Training

    • Building and equipment

    • Santitation operations

    • Fresh-cut produce production and processing controls, including:

    o Product specification

    o Packaging

    o Storage

    o transport

     

    Got milk

    Last week in Washington State, new legislation was enacted to safeguard public health by closing the loophole that allows people to purchase one or more shares in a milk cow, goat or sheep from an unlicensed dairy in return for a portion of the milk produced.

    Now, cow-shares must be licensed by the state; a first violation is a misdemeanor. A subsequent violation is considered a gross misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of $5,000 and up to a year in prison.

    Dr. Douglas Powell, scientific director of the Food Safety Network at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, feels that with proper testing, it may be possible to offer a safe, unpasteurized product to the consuming public. However, he notes that the only difference between raw and pasteurized milk is the presence of harmful bacteria, and that there is no nutritional difference between the two.

    Harmful bacteria that can be present in raw milk include salmonella and E.coli. A recent outbreak in Washington sickened at least 18 people, almost killing 2 children.

    Student discovers protein in yoghurt that fights E. coli

    16-year-old Serena Fasano, a junior at Glenelg High School, has discovered a protein in yogurt that has the potential to fight E. coli.

    Fasano worked on the research project for three years at the University of Maryland's School of Medicine.

    Her father, director of the Mucosal Biology Research Center, provided her with specimend of E. coli, which she added to varying amounts of yogurt, which contain lactobacillus.

    Fasano has been awarded a patent for the protein, which has yet to be named.

    E. Coli taints Minnesota water supply each year

    Jeremy Olson of the Pioneer Press answered several questions related to contamination in Minnesota water supplies:

    Q. How often are Minnesota water supplies contaminated?
    A. A state health department spokesman estimated there are only one or two boil orders per year due to E. coli. Hibbing was the only city larger than 5,000 people that reported excessive bacterial contamination between 2000 and 2004. A test of the regional water system serving St. Paul found coliform bacteria in one location in February 2004. Required follow-up testing showed no presence of E. coli.

    Q. How are the water supplies contaminated?
    A. E. coli comes from human and animal wastes. Rainfalls and snowmelts can carry the bacteria into rivers, lakes, groundwater and other drinking water sources. Large municipal water systems routinely chlorinate drinking water to eliminate bacteria, but sometimes the level of chlorination is inadequate.

    Q. What are the health risks?
    A. Ingestion of E. coli bacteria can cause severe digestive problems, including diarrhea and vomiting. The elderly and small children are at greatest risk. Dehydration is a common result of infection.

    Q. What precautions should be taken?
    A. Bottled or boiled water should be consumed and used in cooking until contaminants are removed from the water supply. Contaminated water shouldn't be used to make coffee, freeze ice cubes, rinse out toothpaste or feed pets. Showers and baths are OK, though not for children who swallow bath water. Washing machines can be used. Dishwashers shouldn't be used, unless they heat water to a degree that kills bacteria.

    No E.coli found in St.Cloud-area water

    According to 5 Eyewitness News, the city of St Cloud issued a citywide drinking water ban over the weekend, after two tests came back positive for E. coli. The ban has now been lifted.

    The order forced schools to close today, and many residents had to stock up on bottled water, as well as boil water before drinking.

    It is unclear why the water tested positive for E. coli over the weekend.

    Minnesota agriculture, health officials warn consumers about raw milk risks

    Minnesota agriculture and health officials are reminding consumers about the disease risks related to consuming raw milk or dairy products made from raw milk.

    The Minnesota Farm Guide reports that state law limits the sale of raw milk to purchases made at the farm where the milk is produced.

    Every year, dozens of Minnesotans get seriously ill after drinking raw milk or eating dairy products made from raw milk. In addition to E. coli, raw milk can contain bacteria that cause other potentially serious gastrointestinal diseases.

    Pasteurization is the only effective method for eliminating bacteria in raw milk and dairy products.

    Osceola County fair drops petting zoo

    The future of petting zoos at the Osceola County Fair is up in the air, according to WESH.

    Due to the E. coli outbreak at three Florida fairs last year, for the first time in its 62-year history, there will be no petting zoo at the Osceola County Fair.

    More than two dozen people contracted E. coli at petting zoos in Tampa, Plant City and Orange County early last year, along with dozens of other suspected cases.

    For the time being, only 4-H members are allowed to touch animals at the Fair. Officials are not sure if they will ever reintroduce the petting zoo.

    Something in the Mix

    Fox 9 investigators are sharing the story of how Lori Olson's daughter Amber, as well as 25 other Minneapolis residents, contracted E.coli from bagged lettuce last fall.

    Amber spent 34 days in the hospital while the bacteria filled her body with toxins and caused her kidneys to fail. She needed dialysis to stay alive. The E.coli left her with permanent kidney damage, and she may one day need a transplant.

    The Minnesota outbreak led to a nationwide recall of nearly a quarter million bags of lettuce from Dole Foods. The company still doesn't know how its product got contaminated, or why the majority of people who got sick were in Minnesota.

    The Food and Drug Administration blames 18 E. coli outbreaks since 1995 on contaminated lettuce. Nearly half of the outbreaks, including the most recent one in Minnesota, were traced back to lettuce grown in the Salinas valley of California.

    Fair's Petting Zoo Reminds Patrons To Wash Their Paws

    The Florida State Fair will be opening with a message for fairgoers who visit animal exhibits to wash their hands, according to the Tribune.

    Fair officials unveiled portable hand-washing stations that are part of a plan to teach patrons how to protect themselves against E. coli bacteria.

    In addition, bright yellow signs in English and Spanish near the fair's animal exhibits ask, "Did you touch the animals? Please wash your hands, especially before eating or putting your fingers in your mouth."

    Last year, state health investigators confirmed 22 cases of E. coli infection traced to petting zoos at the Florida Strawberry Festival, Florida State Fair and Central Florida Fair. Officials are hoping that the added measures reduce any risk this year.

    Senate passes measure requiring licensing of cow share programs

    The Associated Press reports that the Senate has passed a measure that would explicitly include so-called "cow share" programs among the classes of dairies that must be licensed by the state.

    The bill does not ban raw milk, or cow share arrangements for raw milk - just that those who participate in those arrangements must be licensed.

    In addition to civil fines, people convicted of violating the licensing requirements are guilty of a gross misdemeanor for the first offense and a class C felony for the second offense.

    Legislature: Raw-milk producers endorse dairies bill

    Kathie Durbin of The Columbian News reports that a House bill that requires state licensing of all dairies regardless of size has been endorsed by state regulators as well as raw-milk producers. The bill raises the possibility of a special license specific to microdairies, to take into account the costs of small farms.

    House Bill 3010, like its Senate counterpart, makes clear that cow-share arrangements are still legally dairies and subject to the same standards as traditional commercial dairy operations. In cow-share arrangements, people buy "shares" of a milk cow or goat in return for a portion of the milk produced, rather than purchase the milk outright.

    Continue Reading...

    10-minute test for Escherichia coli bug

    Raj Mutharasan, an engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has developed a cheap, quick and simple detector that can quickly spot contamination by deadly strains of E. coli.

    News-Medical.com reports that the sensor, which can also detect bugs such as listeria, has attracted the interest of many US government departments. The Department of Agriculture is developing the sensor further with the Drexel team, with the National Institutes of Health and the Environmental Protection Agency part-funding the work. The Department of Homeland Security is interested in its ability to detect other pathogens like anthrax.

    In the US alone, 60 people a year die from E. coli, while 73,000 are infected with pathogenic strains. But detection is a slow process that involves food recalls for further testing, and tests can take 24 hours or more. Mutharasan's detector may speed up the entire process.

    Personal account favours pasteurization

    Diane Edwards Anger of Ripley shares in her letter to the Ontario Farmer editor that her experience with raw milk differs from those of raw-milk advocates.

    She tells of how when she was pregnant with her first child in the 1970s, that her husband brought her some raw milk from the farm on which he worked. At the time, she was 7 months pregnant.

    Unfortunately, she became very ill from the raw milk and lost 30 pounds. Her son was born with respiratory health problems, and had further problems well into adulthood, although a decisive link between the problems and the raw milk has not been confirmed.

    Anger warns against anyone drinking raw milk, and warns against those who are looking to "get back to nature" for their food consumption. She believes that the modernized methods are there for human safety, and has chosen to drink only pasteurized milk as a result.

    Factory farms and E. Coli

    According to a television story that Ray Wilson of New Middletown watched, 3.5 percent of all meat sold contains deadly E.coli bacteria, he tells the News-Sentinel.

    He knows that may not seem like much, but he then says that when you consider that 10 billion animals are slaughtered every year, that translates to 350 million animals with E.coli.

    Wilson explains to the News Sentinel that he feels that the rise in contamination is due to industrialized factory farming and mass-production. His recommendation is to go completely vegetarian, or if you must have meat, to eat only free-range animals.

    Milking a story for all it's worth: Finding out how far milk delivery has come over the decades also reminds us of how much is the same

    Ed Savage, former Chief of Police in Sweet Home, shared his story with the Woodburn Independent as to the history of legal, regulated commercial sales of raw milk in the Woodburn area in the past.

    He shared his personal story of his stepfather, who owned a dairy farm that Ed worked on as a child. He helped on the farm through milking, sterilizing, and bottling of legal raw milk, and helped distribute it to neighborhood families.

    He also discussed the processes required to keep the operation clean - from constant testing, to sterilization, to mechanical equipment to prevent human contact with the milk.

    Ed isn't against raw milk, since he enjoyed it so much growing up. But he does say that he is "against an outfit that tries to evade the laws and regulations designed to keep raw milk safe for human consumption."

    Got Cow? Raw Milk Restrictions Considered

    Correspondent Elizabeth Wynne Johnson reported for KWSU-FM radio about the current debate over raw milk.

    She interviewed George Calvert, a dairy farmer who operated a cow-share dairy outside of Spokane, Washington, until recently. He said that in his cow-share program, a person could pay 40 dollars for a share of the cow's ownership, and an additional fee for milking. In a cow-share, no one buys the milk, but buys the service that provides the milk - namely, the cow.

    Since new legislations in the state were passed regarding the sale of raw milk, Calvert has shut down the cow-share portion of his farm for fear that the state would require him to buy and install expensive equipment upgrades.

    Johnson also interviewed Dr Justin Denny from the Clark County Department of Health, who explained that licensing and inspections by the state would cut down on the incidence of campylobacter, salmonella, listeria, and E.coli, along with other potentially lethal bacteria, which are usually killed by pasteurization but live actively in raw milk.

    Finally, she interviewed Chrys Ostrander, a spokesman for the Washington Association of Shareholder Dairy Owners. He hopes that there is a workable middle ground where the state can create a separate set of guidelines for small dairy owners, so that they are not subjected to the same sort of potentially expensive criteria as large dairy operations.

    Protect Your Children from Waterborne Illnesses

    Life-threatening illnesses associated with swimming pools are rare, but less serious illnesses are not. During the past 10 years, at least 15,000 people have become ill from swimming, according to the U.S. government's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    Most of these illnesses were diarrheal, which were spread when people accidentally swallowed pool water that had been contaminated with fecal matter, which can happen more often in community and public pools and in areas where children may be that may have "accidents".

    Illnesses can also be spread in other settings in which people share water, such as hot tubs, spas and water park attractions. Several recent disease outbreaks have been traced to contaminated water in the fountain-style attractions that small children play in at water parks.

    Chlorine unfortunately does not kill all bacteria. The CDC has suggestions on how to reduce contamination and infection:

    • Don't swim when you have diarrhea.
    • Don't swallow pool water.
    • Wash your hands with soap and water after using the toilet or changing diapers.
    • Take your children on bathroom breaks often.
    • Change diapers in a bathroom and not at poolside.
    • Wash your child thoroughly (especially the rear end) with soap and water before swimming.
    • Check to make sure that a pool you visit is properly maintained.

    Raw milk a step closer to stores

    A legislative committee has approved a bill that would allow residents of Utah to begin purchasing raw milk in stores, according to the Salt Lake Tribune.

    The Utah Dairymen's Association and the Utah Public Health Association firmly opposed the bill, fearing a backlash against the state's dairy industry as a whole should people become ill from drinking raw milk. Unpasteurized milk carry the possibility of bacterial contamination, including salmonella and E. coli.

    The Utah Department of Health has taken a neutral position on the bill, expressing some reservations, but also recognizing that there is a legitimate demand for raw milk.

    Currently, four Utah dairies produce raw milk.

    E. coli found in school water

    Linden Elementary School has told its students and employees to avoid using the school's water after E. coli bacteria showed up in a routine water test, but it may have been a false alarm.

    The Intelligencer reports that the school provided bottled water and hand sanitizer in every classroom after turning off all drinking fountains and faucets.

    The Doylestown Water Department and the Bucks County Health Department tested water at the school and nearby properties, bhere was no sign of E. coli in any of the five wells the borough uses to draw water that's sent to customers.

    Officials believe a possible testing malfunction may have indicated the presence of bacteria, since no water tests done in the past by the borough's water department have detected E. coli.

    In a letter sent home to parents, Linden principal Alan J. Bernabei said he expected the problem would be resolved when results of follow-up water tests will be made available.

    Chow Line: Raw milk can give you a raw deal

    Martha Filipic from Ohio State University recently responded to a question posed to her on the North Texas E-news, where she was asked about raw milk.

    Filipic answered a generic question about the fat content of raw milk by saying that the issue of how much fat is in raw milk is overshadowed by the safety risks of drinking it.

    According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 300 people in the United States became sick from drinking raw milk or eating products made from raw milk in 2001, and nearly 200 became ill from these products in 2002.

    Raw milk contains all sorts of bacteria -- some that are harmless or even beneficial, some that cause spoilage, and some, such as E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium DT-104, that can cause severe illness. Before pasteurization became the norm, contaminated milk was linked to diseases such as typhoid fever, diphtheria, scarlet fever, dysentery, and even tuberculosis.

    Researcher studies E. Coli

    Investigators were recently was awarded a grant of more than $500,000 from the United States Department of Agriculture to study an integrated approach to pre-harvest control of toxin-producing E. coli, according to the Nevada News.

    Currently, the beef industry has used post-harvest methods to "clean" beef, such as washing or sterilizing the meat after production.

    Hussein S. Hussein, professor of veterinary medicine at the University of Nevada, Reno's College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, is working on a method to "clean" an animal prior to harvesting, and believes that microbial hazards associated with pre-harvest phases of beef production can be manipulated by diet.

    "We plan on playing with the diet of the animal, so that we can in a sense 'clean' the animal before slaughter," says Hussein.

    The two-year study will look into mixing a variety of known forages and grains in the diet of the participating animals.

    Preventing Health Risks Associated with Drinking Unpasteurized or Untreated Juice

    Though juice-related illness is rare, several outbreaks of diarrheal illness due to juice have been reported in the United States in the last decade.

    Most outbreaks of illness due to juice have been linked to untreated or inadequately treated juice products, mainly pasteurization.

    Some outbreaks of foodborne illness linked to juice:

    • 1996: Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections linked to untreated apple juice sold in multiple states

    • 2003: Outbreak of Cryptosporidium infections linked to apple cider inadequately treated with ozone

    • 2005: Outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to inadequately treated orange juice marketed as 'fresh squeezed' and sold in multiple states

    Pasteurization kills E.coli, salmonella, and cryptosporidium. In addition to pasteurization, other treatment methods include UV irradiation, surface treatment of fruit, and high pressure treatment. Treated unpasteurized juice is safe if it has been properly processed by a proven effective treatment method such as UV irradiation.

    E.coli parents launch help group

    A support group is being launched in Cardiff by and for parents whose children were affected by the south Wales E.coli outbreak, according to BBC News.

    Parents involved in the group hope it will help keep pressure on the authorities investigating the outbreak and provide support for those affected, as well as provide a place for parents to talk together about their common experiences and get advice from each other.

    An investigation led by South Wales Police is continuing into the outbreak, which was linked to 42 schools across the south Wales valleys and infected 158 people, including killing a 5-yr-old boy.

    Bill would give state tool to regulate dairies

    An editorial posted on the Daily News website supports two bills proposed by senators to strengthen state regulatory authority over the distribution of raw milk.

    In addition to expanding the Washington Department of Agriculture's authority to investigate dairies and regulate sales of raw milk, the measure provides stiff penalties for health violations. The state could shut-down dairies that fail to meet sanitation standards and possibly file criminal charges against the owners.

    Although raw-milk advocates feel as though the proposed bills are too stringent for small dairy owners, the editorial disagrees. They feel that the health risks associated with drinking raw milk demand strict regulation and serious penalties for those who would skirt that regulation. The bills give the state the tools it needs to make sure these dairies meet necessary health standards and deal with those that do not.

    Legislature: Raw milk focus of ardent debate

    An article in The Columbian reports that the bills proposed in both the House and Senate would prohibit unlicensed dairies from distributing unpasteurized milk by selling shares in a milk cow, goat or sheep in return for a portion of the milk produced.

    The bills would also give state inspectors access to unlicensed dairies suspected of selling raw milk illegally and authorize them to collect milk samples and obtain customer lists. It would make selling raw milk without a license a Class C felony.

    Neither bill would ban the sale of raw milk, although 21 states do.

    The bills were proposed after raw milk from an unlicensed dairy infected 18 people with E. coli.

    Slugs may spread E. coli to vegetables

    A Scottish study suggests slugs have the potential to transmit E. coli to vegetables.

    Farm animals have been previously identified as major reservoirs of E. coli by passing it through manure that is then used to fertilize crops. Slugs are widespread agricultural pests that continuously ingest bacteria from the soil and their environment.

    Laboratory testing indicates the slug species Derrieres reticulate can maintain viable E. coli on its external surface for 14 days and slugs that were fed E. coli shed viable bacteria in their feces for up to 3 weeks.

    Udderly Creamed: The St. Louis Department of Health sours on the sale of raw milk

    Living Springs Ranch owner Dan West had been selling raw milk at the GreenMarket in St Louis, which in the winter is open the first and third Saturday of the month.

    However, West has been told by the St. Louis Department of Health that selling raw milk is not only a violation of a city ordinance but against state law, according to the River Front Times.

    Missouri state law allows raw milk to be sold on a farm, but not at a market away from a farm. The law further stipulates that a farm selling raw milk first has to be inspected, and that farmers must obtain a state permit to merchandise the milk.

    West has worked out a compromise with the city health department that now gives him entry to GreenMarket as a pick-up point for customers who have prepaid for their milk, although most of his customers now simply buy milk from him outside the city health department's jurisdiction at Maplewood Farmer's Market.

    Final Investigation Summary of Dee Creek Farm

    The Washington State Department of Agriculture's Food Safety Program has sent out a final report of their field investigation into Dee Creek Farm, after an E. coli outbreak sickened 18 people.

    Lab testing confirmed that the E.coli O157:H7 that sickened people did originate from Dee Creek Farm, who illegally sold raw milk without required WSDA Milk Producer and Milk Processor licenses and sanitary public health inspections.

    Investigators found numerous sanitary violations as well as the presence of E.coli in the following areas:

    • A partially filled gallon container of milk provided to Clark County via a shareholder.
    • Individual cow milk samples that were provided to WSDA by Dee Creek Farm.
    • Environmental swab samples that were collected on the Farm, specifically:
      • Topside of rubber mat in milking area, beneath where cows are milked.
      • Holding pen mud-pack/pasture at entrance to milking area.
      • Mud on the ground just inside the door to the milking area.

    Small raw milk dairies fear cost of licensing

    Curt Woodward, writer for the Associated Press, reports that two bills that force small dairies that participate in "cow-share" programs to be licensed and inspected were spurred by an E. coli outbreak last month, in which raw milk from an unlicensed small dairy in Cowlitz County was linked to illnesses in 18 people in Washington and Oregon.

    The state Agriculture Department, which regulates dairies, already considers such arrangements illegal if the distributors are not licensed.

    Although the necessity for safety is understood, small dairies are worried about the impending additional cost of licensing and inspections.

    Zarelli co-sponsors bill to regulate raw milk

    Senate Bill 6377, co-sponsored by Sen. Joe Zarelli, R-Ridgefield, would explicitly ban the sale of unpasteurized milk from unlicensed dairies through "cow-share" agreements, says the Columbian.

    The bill would close a loophole that allows individuals to purchase one or more "shares" in a milk cow, goat or sheep from an unlicensed dairy in return for a portion of the milk produced.

    The bill authorizes the state Department of Agriculture to issue a cease-and-desist order to anyone found selling raw milk without a license. Doing so would be a Class C felony punishable by a fine. The civil penalty would be in addition to any criminal liability a dairy faced as a result of people getting sick from drinking its' milk.

    Eighteen people, including 15 children, were sickened after drinking unpasteurized milk contaminated with E. coli, produced by Dee Creek Farm, an unlicensed dairy.

    Oregon as well as 20 other states currently ban the sale of raw milk completely. Transporting raw milk across state lines is also a violation of federal law.

    Parents must be vigilant about preventing E. coli infection

    Each year in this country, 73,000 people become sick and about 60 die from E. coli infection. The parents of two young siblings in Effingham, Illinois, are hoping that by sharing their story, other parents will become more aware of food-borne illnesses.

    Most E. coli illness is associated with eating contaminated beef, especially ground beef that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli. The contaminated meat looks and smells normal. Person-to-person contact in families and child care centers is also known to spread the illness.

    Claire and Christopher Lustig stayed in the pediatric ICU at Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center in St Louis for weeks as a result of E. coli poisoning, according to the St Louis Post-Dispatch.

    Christopher, 2, suffered at least one stroke and may have some permanent neurological damage. He will need months of physical therapy to regain some of the physical ability he has lost.

    Bills take aim at raw milk


    The Longview Daily News reports that two bills were introduced in the House and Senate to make sure unlicensed dairies can't skirt state and federal health laws, in response to the spread of a near-deadly strain of E. coli bacteria linked to raw milk from Dee Creek Farm.

    Dee Creek Farm, an unlicensed dairy, gave raw, unpasteurized milk to "cow-shareholders," of which 18 were sickened as a result of E.coli poisoning.

    State law requires distributors of raw milk to follow federal health standards, get a state license and have their milk's bacteria levels tested, but Anita and Michael Puckett, owners of the farm, claim that they didn't sell the milk, but provided it for free to people who owned "shares" of the cow that produced the milk.

    "Cow-sharing" is a loophole in the raw milk market that many feel should be closed.

    The proposed bill also would give the Washington Department of Agriculture authority to inspect unlicensed dairies and review their business records.

    The State Fair and E.Coli

    The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services has released a report detailing an investigation that traced an E. coli outbreak to the Crossroads Farm Petting Zoo at the N.C. State Fair, according to WNCT-TV.

    At least 106 people became infected with E. coli after attending the Crossroads Farm Petting Zoo at the Fair.

    Since 1998, at least seven E. coli outbreaks have been traced to fairs. A 2003 study by USDA found E. coli was not only commonly present at fairs but that levels of the bacteria were similar to those found in commercially reared livestock.

    E. coli bacteria is found on feces, and people become ill if they eat food or drink water containing the bacteria. The disease can be contained by isolating E. coli patients and careful hand-washing.

    There have already been four lawsuits against the Crossroads Petting Zoo, not just associated with their presence at the Fair.

    Report calls for review of food plant inspections

    A review into the E. coli outbreak in south Wales has made eight recommendations for the Food Standards Agency to review food legislation and guidance to local authorities in relation to how often they should inspect premises and whether there is any need for further legislation.

    It also asks the FSA to look at whether the local authority correctly applied current legislation in relation to the closure of a meat processing plant owned by John Tudor and Son.

    European consumers have become increasing concerned about food safety, mainly due to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy scare in cattle beginning in the late 1980s, a foot and mouth disease outbreak in 2001 and of avian flu in 2003 and this year.

    John Tudor and Son has been allowed to resume trading following a new food safety inspection, and investigations are continuing into the source of the E.coli outbreak.

    Eating all sprouts risky, health officials warn

    Public health officials in Hamilton, Ontario, are warning consumers against eating sprouts of all types, including mung bean, radish, and alfalfa, according to the Hamilton Spectator/Belleville Intelligencer.

    The warning is in response to an on-going investigation which links bean sprouts produced by a Toronto company to outbreaks of salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 across Ontario. The sprouts have been recalled.

    16 cases of food poisoning linked to the contaminated sprouts were reported in the city in the six-week period prior to the recall.

    From the time of the recall until the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care deemed it safe, Hamilton's health department banned mung bean sprouts completely in all city restaurants and grocery stores.

    A new alert has been sent out since the Toronto company was still using seeds from the original recall to produce their beans. Hamilton has not issued a citywide ban this time, but is still warning residents of the potential hazards.

    Effingham Children Fight E. Coli

    In early December, two Effingham, Georgia, children were infected with E. coli. They are both now in a St Louis hospital and have only just recently been released from ICU.

    2-year-old Christopher and 4-year-old Claire Lustig's mother and uncle are staying with them in the hospital through their recovery. Christopher's vision has been impaired as a result of the E. coli.

    Although most E. coli infections are caused by eating undercooked meat, there is no clear reason as to how the two children contracted the bacteria.

    A comparison of the survival in feces and water of Escherichia coli O157:H7 grown under laboratory conditions or obtained from cattle feces

    An abstract in the January Journal of Food Protection compared the survival rate of E. coli bacteria in food and water, after it has passed through a digestive tract.

    Fecal samples were taken from cattle before and after oral inoculation of a specific E. coli strain. The fecal samples taken before the oral inoculation were then inoculated in the lab.

    The study found that the E.coli survived the same amount of time in both samples.

    The two sets of samples were then used to inoculate 5L volumes of water. In water, the E.coli from cattle who were inoculated lasted 10 weeks longer than the E.coli in feces inoculated in the lab.

    The study suggests that pathogen survival in low-nutrient conditions may be enhanced by passage through the gastrointestinal tract.

    Boca doc says alternative milk view means

    Unpasteurized milk and its byproducts, such as cheese and yogurt, can carry a range of germs, including the bacteria E. coli O157:H7. Pasteurization kills those organisms by heating fluids such as wine, beer, and milk to 132 degrees Fahrenheit.

    However, raw food advocates and health food proponents encourage the consumption of raw milk, claiming the health benefits of unpasteurized milk that can be destroyed through pasteurization.

    Boca Raton Pediatrician Dr. Adam Cutler agrees with the American Council on Science and Health, saying that if any parents choose to go outside of established health protocols to give raw milk to themselves as well as their children, "then they're taking risks into their own hands."

    Human illnesses that have been caused by consumption of raw milk and cheese made from raw milk include fever, Salmonella dublin infection, staphylococcal food poisoning, brucellosis, campylobacter infection, salmonellosis, C. ulcerans sore throat, and listeriosis. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriages, fetal infections, and death have been associated with these illnesses, says the Florida Registry of Birth Defects.

    FDA and KDHE Warn Consumers About Raw Milk


    Infozine reports that following the E. coli outbreak in Washington, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment is joining the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in their effort to warn the public against drinking raw milk.

    In addition, an advisory has been issued from the Oklahoma State Health Department about potential rabies exposure from drinking raw, unpasteurized milk or cream sold from a dairy in Claremore, Oklahoma, after one of the cows on the farm was confirmed to have rabies.

    Pasteurization is the only effective method for eliminating the bacteria in raw milk and milk products. Pasteurization can also prevent diseases as tuberculosis, diphtheria, polio, Q fever, salmonellosis, strep throat, scarlet fever, and typhoid fever.

    More than 300 people in the United States became ill by drinking raw milk or eating cheese made from raw milk in 2001, and nearly 200 became ill from these products in 2002.

    Shareholder dairy's milk tests positive for E. coli


    Milk samples, which were provided by the shareholders of cows at Dee Creek Farm, will be sent to the Washington State Public Health laboratory, according to reports from Capital Press. There, scientists will work to verify that the strain of E. coli found in the milk is the same that has sickened the people who drank unpasteurized milk from the farm.

    So far, four of the seven milk samples all have the same matching DNA fingerprints. They are still awaiting results on the other three samples.

    Dee Creek operators Michael and Anita Puckett have five cows and arranged to distribute raw milk to about 45 families. The farm has been closed by officials.

    Marler Clark is looking into the shareholder contracts to look for liability verbage, and will also be investigating the state's liability in regards to Dee Creek Farm.

    Oregon Department of Agriculture emphasizes safety of pasteurized milk

    If any good can come out of this month's outbreak of raw milk-related illnesses, it is the hope that the general public will begin understanding the value of consuming only pasteurized cow's milk, says Ron McKay, administrator of the Oregon Department of Agriculture's Food Safety Division.

    Earlier this month, according to the Medford News, more than a dozen people, including three from Oregon, became ill after consuming unpasteurized milk traced to a raw milk dairy in southwest Washington. Most of the victims were children, including a 20-month old infant.

    Continue Reading...

    Ruling steams raw milk farmer


    Oregon law prohibits raw milk to be sold to the public, but allows it to be sold as a pet food product. The Oregon Department of Agriculture is, however, has decided that raw milk is even dangerous for pets, and has passed a decision banning the sale of it in that form, according to Jim Redden of the Portland Tribune.

    Organic Pastures Dairy, which distributes the unpasteurized milk for pets through stores such as Whole Foods Markets, has been told that his product can no longer be sold in the state of Oregon in any form, pet or otherwise.

    The ban comes shortly after the E.coli outbreak in Washington, where raw milk tainted with E.coli sickened nearly 25 people.

    Mark McAfee, who runs Organic Pastures Dairy, has requested a hearing on the new interpretation of the law, but it has been denied.

    When alternative is not healthy


    The recent E. coli outbreak in southwest Washington and one county in Oregon may serve as a warning to consumers who may think that "organic," "self-sustaining," or "alternative" food products may not be healthier than their industry counterparts.

    Continue Reading...

    Legality of 'cow sharing' examined

    State law permits people to obtain unpasteurized milk from unlicensed dairy farms that have three or fewer cows, according to the Tribune. Such small dairy farms do not have to be licensed by the Oregon Department of Agriculture, but they are not supposed to advertise or sell milk to anyone who does not physically pick it up.

    Washington law allows the sale of raw milk if the dairy farm is licensed and the milk is labeled as potentially dangerous.

    Other states also have restrictions against the sale of raw milk, but advocates have found ways to get around the laws pertaining to the sale of unpasteurized milk.

    Selling the raw milk as a pet product which can then be sold is one method. A consumer buy the "for pets" product and consumes it themselves.

    Continue Reading...

    Got raw milk?


    Keila Rawlinson, a mother of two young children, told the Daily News that she believes raw, or unpasteurized, milk is more nutritious and safer for her family. She owns a share of the cow at Dee Creek Farm, which has been closed by the state and county for distributing contaminated raw milk.

    Unpasteurized milk can be sold legally in Washington, if the dairy is licensed and inspected by the state. In California, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and New Mexico, it can be sold in stores, but not in Washington, where Dee Creek and Rawlinson are located.

    Continue Reading...

    Mason was born on Christmas Eve

    Instead of celebrating Christmas this year, the family of tragic E.coli victim Mason Jones will be spending Christmas Eve - the day when he would have turned six - at his graveside.

    Five-year-old Mason died from E. coli poisoning at Bristol Children's Hospital, after the infection caused his kidneys to fail. His was the only death out of more than 170 children, parents and elderly people who contracted E.coli 0157, as it swept through at least 42 schools, hundreds of families and some old folks' homes in South Wales.

    Continue Reading...

    FDA Warns Consumers to Avoid Drinking Raw Milk


    Following an outbreak in the state of Washington, the Food and Drug Administration is warning the public against drinking raw milk, because it may contain harmful bacteria that can cause life-threatening illnesses.

    To date, eight illness have been reported in Washington state, several of which were in children, from drinking unpasteurized milk. Two of the children remain hospitalized. A local dairy has been found to be the source of the outbreak, and the dairy has been told to shut down.

    Continue Reading...

    In our view: ban raw milk

    Raw-milk fans complain that pasteurizing milk destroys nutrients, enzymes and other beneficial bacteria, and it is becoming popular with people who believe it is more healthful or tastes better, according to the Washington Columbian.

    However, countless researchers and food scientists agree that the benefit of destroying the harmful bacteria (through pasteurization) far outweighs the supposed benefits of retaining those helpful microorganisms.

    Blair Thompson, spokesman for the Washington Dairy Products Commission says that "No one, and I repeat no one, has any business consuming unpasteurized raw milk. It can contain some pretty serious microorganisms, such as listeria, such as salmonella, and the most serious of all, E. coli. It's an urban myth that raw milk is somehow healthier. That's a belief, not a fact."

    Oregon outlawed retail sale of raw milk in 1993. In Washington state, it's legal only with a state license, and only six dairies have that license.

    John Sheehan, director of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Division of Dairy and Egg Safety, says drinking raw milk is "like playing Russian roulette with your health."

    Raw milk: Local dairy serves up unpasteurized milk to eager customers ... But food regulators are watching

    Eric Flowers of the Oregon Bulletin reports that although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and state regulators strongly discourage the consumption of raw milk because of the possibility of disease, local dairies and raw milk advocates still decide to sell the product through cow-share programs.

    Because much of the raw-milk trade happens below industry and regulatory radar, there is no firm count on the number of raw-milk drinkers or raw-milk dairies.

    Continue Reading...

    Milk producer cringes at the mention of E. Coli


    There are currently only six dairies that are licensed and regularly inspected to sell raw, unpasteurized milk, according to The Columbian. But with the recent E. coli outbreak stemming from raw milk provided by an unlicensed dairy, the law-abiding dairies are concerned that people will not be purchasing their product.

    Dairy owners who are licensed, such as Lorrie Conway of Conway Farms, took necessary precautions to make sure that consumers were aware of the fact that they were indeed licensed, and outlined the procedures taken to ensure uncontaminated raw milk to consumers. Luckily, she did not see any drop in sales.

    Under state regulations, raw milk must be chilled to 40 degrees within an hour of milking. Conway Family Farms keeps it a little cooler than that, just to be safe.

    Currently, the Washington dairy farms licensed by the State Department of Agriculture to process and sell unpasteurized milk are:

    • Our Lady of the Rock Monastery, Shaw Island.
    • Grace Harbor Farms, Inc., Custer.
    • Rainhaven, Duvall.
    • Garden Home Farm, Mount Vernon.
    • Conway Family Farm, Camas.
    • Estrella Family Creamery, Montesano.


    E. coli outbreak traced to dairy that defied raw milk sales ban

    The Associated Press reports that Dee Creek Farm is being investigated by at least four state and local agencies after the unlicensed farm sold tainted milk and caused E. coli poisoning in 11 or more people.

    Cowlitz County prosecutors said that misdemeanor charges could be filed if the owners, Anita and Michael Puckett, don't provide a list of customers who purchased raw milk.

    Continue Reading...

    Dairy That Sold Tainted Milk Is Shut Down

    KATU has reported that the U.S. Department of Agriculture has shut down Dee Creek Dairy near Woodland, Washington, for providing the raw milk that health officials believe is to blame for six cases of E. coli.

    Health officials are also issuing an urgent warning to those who purchased milk from the farm in the past couple of weeks.

    Continue Reading...

    Fury as E.coli butcher re-opens


    Parents of children struck down by E.coli condemned a decision to allow meat suppliers John Tudor and Sons to reopen for business, according to the South Wales Echo.

    Owner William Tudor has always denied his firm was responsible for the outbreak of food poisoning, which killed five-year-old Mason Jones, but health inspectors issued emergency prohibition notices against the business citing 'inadequate disinfection procedures'.

    The Food Standards Agency said it believed there was a link between John Tudor and Sons and the outbreak.

    The business will not be supplying to any schools, but they will be allowed to re-apply for the contract to do so.

    Regulators go after sales of raw milk

    AP reports that the Food and Drug Administration claims that raw milk is dangerous, possibly carrying deadly pathogens such as campolybacter, salmonella and E. coli.

    The Department of Agriculture says that dairies must be licensed and regulated to ensure the safety of the milk and milk products that are produced for human consumption.

    Selling raw milk for human consumption is legal in 28 states, according to the Weston A. Price Foundation, a Washington, D.C., raw milk advocacy group. Five states allow raw milk for animal consumption, a loophole that raw milk fans exploit.

    Continue Reading...

    Livestock Market Reporting: USDA Has Taken Some Steps to Ensure Quality, but Additional Efforts Are Needed

    The US Department of Agriculture's market news reports are helpful to meatpackers as well as livestock owners in the negotiation of prices for their products. The reports are distributed daily, weekly, and monthly.

    In 1999, the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act was passed to increase the volume of industry sales transactions covered by those reports, and encouraged competition in the meat industry.

    Continue Reading...

    E. coli meat firm reopens

    The Daily Mail reports that John Tudor and Son, of Bridgend, South Wales, has reopened for business.

    The Bridgend County Borough Council issued certificates after inspections of the meat supplier were conducted. They have, however, made it clear that there will be additional inspections carried out to "ensure continual compliance with relevant legislation in accordance with the council's duty under the Food Safety Act 1990."

    Continue Reading...

    E. coli: one case, no link


    There has been one case of E. coli contamination in Quesnel, British Columbia, but it is not linked to the Safeway ground beef recall, according to the Cariboo Press.

    The infected person had never bought nor eaten any meat from Safeway.

    Continue Reading...

    Options for treating person with E.coli disease

    The E. coli strain that is harmful to humans is E. coli O157:H7, a member of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli group - an intestinally related organism which causes hemorrhaging.

    Transmission of E. coli comes from contaminated food, such as ground beef and other cattle products that are undercooked and unpasteurized dairy products. Contaminated foods do not look, smell, nor taste any different than safe products.

    Continue Reading...

    Eat To Live: Dangers in leafy greens


    UPI Food Writer Julia Watson reports that the Food and Drug Administration is aware of 18 outbreaks related to lettuces since 1995 caused by E. coli, and one relating to fresh-cut spinach. Those 19 cases account for over 400 reported cases of illnesses and 2 deaths.

    Robert E. Brackett, director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, sent a worried letter to those California companies that handle leafy greens specifically, since investigations traced eight of the outbreaks to growers in Salinas, California.

    Continue Reading...

    Parents issue warning about E. Coli


    According to the Vancouver Sun, the parents of three-year-old Hillary Nelson, who has been on dialysis in BC Children's Hospital for more than a week after eating a meal contaminated by E. coli bacteria, have issued a warning about the danger of cross-contamination from packaged meat.

    Brad and Cheryl Nelson are cautioning others that the E. coli bacteria that caused their daughter's kidneys to shut down completely may have come from a leaking package of bloody meat.

    Continue Reading...

    Fresno County health officials investigate bacteria outbreak

    The Big Fresno Fair may be one of several possible sources of an E. coli outbreak according to Fresno County health officials.

    All of the six children who contracted the bacteria attended the Fair. They may all have had contact with animals at any of the animal exhibits at the Fair, including the petting zoo and livestock pavilion.

    Continue Reading...

    3-year-old E.coli victim recovering


    CBC News reports that three-year-old Hillary Nelson has suffered kidney failure after eating the hamburger meat contaminated with E.coli bacteria sold at a Canada Safeway store. She remains on dialysis but her condition has improved.

    She is one of at least 19 people who became sick after eating the contaminated hamburger meat, including four who has to be admitted into hospitals.

    Safeway has issued a recall this week and is giving full refunds. The company is urging customers to check their freezers for the tainted hamburger meat.

    E.coli inquiry to look at issue of school meals

    Madeleine Brindley of the Western Mail reports that the National Assembly's inquiry into the South Wales Valleys E.coli outbreak, led by Professor Hugh Pennington, will not only be looking at school meal production, but food production regulation as well.

    More than 170 people - mainly children - became infected with E.coli O157 poisoning in south Wales. Five-year-old Mason Jones was a casualty of the outbreak.

    The source of the outbreak has been determined to be meat suppliers John Tudor and Sons.

    The meat suppliers had been shut down in September, but has recently won a legal case, allowing it to start operating again.

    Zoonotic diseases continue to increase

    Many zoonotic diseases can be prevented by being careful about how we prepare our food and water, according to Kathryn B. Brown, FNP, of the East Oregonian Publishing Group:

    • Cooking eggs and meat thoroughly decreases the likelihood of infection with gastrointestinal infections such as salmonella, shigella, E. coli and tapeworms, though does not reduce the risk of acquiring bovine spongiform encephalopathy, also called mad cow disease.

    • Cooking fish and shellfish thoroughly destroys the hepatitis A virus, tapeworms, roundworms and other bacteria and viruses that can cause gastrointestinal infections.

    • The practice of pasteurizing milk kills microorganisms that cause tuberculosis, brucellosis, Q fever and other milk-borne diseases.

    • Treating water by boiling, chlorination or filtration all but eliminates the chances of human infection with typhoid fever, giardia, cryptosporidium, shigella and E. coli.

    Walkerton residents doubt results of health study

    Researchers are saying that the kidney damage found in more than 200 residents of Walkerton, Ontario, is not the result of E. coli poisoning. CTV reports that residents are having trouble accepting those results.

    The current problem, researchers say, is unrelated to the E. coli-contaminated water that killed seven people and sickened 2,500 others in May 2000.

    Ambitious expansion at Children's

    Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center is undertaking a significant expansion of its research capabilities - in its quest to eliminate pediatric disease.

    According to Children's new president and CEO Dr. Tom Hansen, Children's already has some of the nation's top medical researchers, as he outlined in his special report to the Times.

    He plans to build their program in partnership with Seattle's other world-class research institutions, particularly the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

    In addition, Children's will soon announce a phased program to acquire as much as 1 million square feet of additional research space outside the main Seattle campus. They already have two new facilities dedicated to basic science and clinical research.

    Disbelief over cattle focus in E.coli probe

    The Wales Centre for Health (WCfH) has recommended an investigation into the incidence of E.coli in cattle to prevent future outbreaks, according to the Daily Post.

    WCfH's call came as another Welsh school was closed by health officials after new cases of the deadly E.coli infection were detected among pupils there.

    Continue Reading...

    Prevalence of Shiga toxin--producing Escherichia coli in beef cattle


    The Journal of Food Protection published that a large number of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains have caused major outbreaks and sporadic cases of human illnesses, including mild diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and the life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome.

    In a large number of STEC-associated outbreaks, the infections were attributed to consumption of ground beef or other beef products contaminated with cattle feces.

    Continue Reading...

    FDA targets lettuce industry with E. coli guidance


    The Food and Drug Administration's letter to the California lettuce industry stems from the 19 outbreaks of E coli 0157:H7 in the past decade, with one outbreak reported in Minnesota last month.

    The letter provides guidance, but does not set out new regulations.

    Continue Reading...

    FDA: E. coli efforts lacking

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has sent a letter to the California lettuce industry, outlining a plan of immediate action for state regulatory agencies and the industry to protect fresh-cut produce from E. coli contamination, according to the Herald-Salinas Bureau.

    Investigations into outbreaks associated with lettuce and spinach, including an incident in September involving Dole Fresh Vegetable bagged salads in Minnesota, traced the produce back to the Salinas valley in California.

    Continue Reading...

    FSIS Announces Quick and Efficient Method of Detecting E. coli O157:H7


    The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service will be adopting the BAX system to detect E. coli O157:H7 in raw beef.

    According to the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, the BAX system has proven to be a rapid, highly sensitive test for the detection of low levels of E. coli O157:H7 in raw beef products.

    The FSIS already uses the system to check for Salmonella and Listeria.

    FSIS conducts approximately 90,000 microbiological tests for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Listeria annually. The BAX system will reduce the number of false positives in those lab tests.

    Kaja Nygard coming home after battle with infection


    Five-year-old Kaja Nygard is expected to be released from the hospital, more than a month after she contracted E. coli.

    Kaja became so sick that she required five blood transfusions, five surgeries and was forced to undergo dialysis after her kidneys failed after developing hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by the E. coli infection. In addition, she developed pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas.

    Continue Reading...

    Marler Clark Files Third E. coli lawsuit against Dole

    Marler Clark filed a third E. coli lawsuit against Dole late Tuesday in United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Lori Olson, a Minneapolis resident, and her two minor daughters.

    The lawsuit alleges that Ms. Olson's daughters, 15-year-old Amanda Brister, and 11-year-old Amber Brister, became ill with symptoms of E. coli infections in late September. Both sisters were confirmed by the health department to be part of the outbreak that has affected at least 23 people in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area who became ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections after eating Dole bagged salads at the end of September. Dole issued a nationwide recall of over 250,000 bags of lettuce on October 2.

    Continue Reading...

    E. coli alert issued


    Ground beef patties made by the Philly-Gourmet Meat Company have caused three people in Saratoga County to become ill, according to the NY State Health Department.


    The patties have been confirmed to have been contaminated with E. coli.

    The patties are sold in boxes, and are sold in stores throughout New York State.

    Officials have issued an alert and recall on the product.

    E.coli outbreak 'past the worst'


    Dr Roland Salmon, who leads the team handling the south Wales E. coli outbreak, has told the BBC that the worst is behind them.

    The outbreak affected a total of 161 people in south Wales, including the death of five-year-old Mason Jones. Fifty additional people are suspected of infection and are currently being monitored.

    Continue Reading...

    Family's call for E. coli lessons

    The mother of a five-year-old boy killed in the south Wales E.coli
    outbreak hopes that her son's death teaches others a lesson.

    The BBC reports that five-year-old Mason Jones was the only casualty from the E. coli outbreak, which spread amongst schools and affected 161 people. Approximately 50 additional people are suspected to have been infected.

    His mother believes that her son's death could have been avoided and hopes that others learn to treat E. coli as the deadly disease that it could be.

    OUR VIEW: E. coli scare handled well

    The Barren River District Health Department and Red Cross Elementary School, who recently had an outbreak of E.coli bacteria, immediately took decisive action to protect their residents.

    Dr. Jerry Ralston, superintendent of Barren County Schools, took aggressive action by immediately meeting with his staff and sending information as well a personal letter home with each child, addressing problems with the bacteria.

    The health department also kept the public informed on how to detect early symptoms.

    Residents were reminded to wash one's hands thoroughly and frequently, especially after using the toilet, to avoid unpasteurized juices and milk, and to make sure that ground meats were cooked till well-done.

    Both parties have been vigilant in educating people on how to fend off the disease, and controlled the situation from getting any worse.

    Airlifts, blaming begin over native E. coli

    Heather Sokoloff of the National Post, with files from Adrian Humphreys and Lee Greenberg, reports that two planeloads of children stricken by an E. coli outbreak were flown out of an Ontario Indian reserve for medical treatment last night.

    David Ramsay, Ontario's minister responsible for Indian affairs, said he no longer trusts Ottawa to ensure drinking water is safe in the Indian communities that fall under the federal government's jurisdiction. He is promising to investigate the water quality at 50 reserves throughout the province.

    Two years ago the Ontario Clean Water Agency released a report warning Kashechewan's water could become contaminated as the treatment plant is dangerously close to the spot where the community's raw sewage flows into the Albany River.

    The first evacuees had skin problems such as rashes, scabies, and diarrhea. Keshachewan's water treatment facilities, built by Ottawa, are apparently non-functional and the majority of the reserve's 1,900 inhabitants suffer from severe skin infections. All residents will need to be vaccinated for Hepatitis A and B.

    The Red Cross, the Canadian Forces, and Emergency Management Ontario are working together to ensure shelter for the evacuees.

    E. coli found at Ontario reservation

    The Associated Press reports that about 1,000 residents of a remote northern Ontario Indian reservation have been evacuated after Indian leaders and medical officials say E. coli has been discovered in water samples.

    The federal government is helping fly roughly 1,000 of the 1,900 residents of the Kashechewan First Nation reserve, off the western shores of James Bay, out of the area.

    Indian leaders in the area have said its residents have been living in Third World conditions. Kashechewan's 10-year-old water treatment plant, downstream from an existing sewage lagoon, has been beyond repair.

    Roughly half of the residents of the reserve are suffering from a variety of skin infections, conditions that have been exacerbated by the high levels of chlorine being used to disinfect the water. For more than two years, residents have been under a boil-water restriction.

    The Kashechewan community must ultimately decide whether the reserve is worth saving or if they should move to a different location. In the meantime, leaders are asking for help from federal and provincial governments.

    Was It Something I Ate?

    San Francisco Chronicle reports that the Center for Disease Control estimates that Americans experience 76 million food-borne illnesses a year.

    Unfortunately, very few of those incidents are reported, and even fewer are confirmed by laboratory tests. The symptoms are typically similar to those that accompany the flu: diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps. Many don't bother going to a doctor, and of those that do, lab test costs deter them from asking for food-borne illness tests.

    Although most people tend to blame the last meal they ate as the culprit, pathogens that cause food-borne illnesses typically take 24 to 48 hours to cause symptoms. Despite the challenges of pinpointing the cause of your distress, public-health authorities still suggest that you report an illness you attribute to a restaurant meal, but to include not just the last place you ate.

    Since 2000, California law has required at least one employee in every restaurant to be certified as a safe food handler. Many restaurants send more than one employee for training and certification.

    If you believe your symptoms could be caused by a restaurant meal, call the restaurant so that they can investigate. Be prepared to tell the restaurant exactly what you ate and drank, what time you dined, and whether anyone who ate with you also experienced symptoms.

    You also shouldn't expect anything more than a sympathetic hearing, an assurance that the restaurant will review its procedures, and a genuine thank-you for taking the trouble to call - after all, you do not have any proof, and it could just be standard stomach upset from eating too much or eating foods that are richer than normal. But alerting the restaurant could mean the difference between a few people having a tummy ache and a more severe outbreak.

    Fairgrounds manager oversees State Fair, other attractions year-round

    David Rice of the Journal Raleigh Bureau reports that each October, approximately 800,000 people visit the North Carolina State Fair, making it the state's single biggest event.

    During the fair, at least 2,000 workers, 175 food stands, 108 rides and 10 nights' worth of entertainers are deployed on the 344-acre grounds. They even have their own police force to deal with crowds.

    Wesley Wyatt, who has been the Fairgrounds' manager since 1997, likens the running of the State Fair to the running a municipality. Rides must clear safety inspections, charitable organizations must be looked after, and even vendors with expecting mothers get a security guard checking in on them. And last year's E.coli outbreak has resulted in the addition of more handwashing stations and fencing.

    The fair gets no money from the General Assembly and is self-sustaining, generating $9 million a year in revenue and $5 million in expenses.

    The Greater Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau estimates that the 10-day fair fills almost 2,200 hotel rooms, attracts 663,000 day visitors, creating a total economic impact of more than $17 million a year.

    Although the State Fair is the biggest draw, the Fairgrounds are open for business every day of the year except Christmas - with flea markets every weekend and more than 500 nonfair events a year. They will also be hosting arena football games.

    Keep fresh juice free of E. coli

    Recent outbreaks of E. coli and salmonella in the U.S. and Ontario has prompted the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control and the B.C. provincial health officer to remind people to make sure their fruit juices are properly pasteurized.

    During an apple harvest there is often an increase in salmonella and E.coli related to unpasteurized juices.

    Although most unpasteurized juice is safe, it is usually best to boil unpasteurized juices for at least one minute to make sure that the risks of contamination are guaranteed.

    In addition, the BCCDC recommends:

    • Avoid serving unpasteurized juice to young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems.

    • Pay attention to that best-before date, and keep juice refrigerated.

    • Don't rely on freezing to make unpasteurized juices safe.

    Sizzler Aims to Return to Its Heyday

    Michael Hiltzik of the Golden State column in the LA Times reports that President and Chief Executive of Sherman Oaks-based Sizzler USA, Ken Cole, is working on returning the restaurant chain to where it was two decades ago.

    A bankruptcy stemming from a troubled marketing plan and an E. coli outbreak in Milwaukee nearly destroyed the chain, but Cole is setting out to rebuild Sizzler's appeal.

    Decisions to increase their buffet setup eventually caused customers to come to Sizzler for the quantity of food rather than quality, and so to meet profit expectations the chain had dropped the quality of their steaks and seafood. Eventually it caused Sizzler's reputation for value to all but disappear.

    Before emerging from bankruptcy protection in 1997, the company shed about half its stores, including most in the Northeast and Midwest. Now, new restaurants will be driven by franchisees, placing the responsibility of profits and quality in the hands of individual franchise owners.

    Renovations, and renovation costs, will also be incurred by franchise owners, including the addition of an exposed kitchen.

    From the DOLE Website

    See: Usage Tips

    DOLE Shredded Iceberg Lettuce is washed and ready-to-eat.

    As a result, it is not necessary to wash the salad prior to eating.

    REALLY?

    How many people are sick right now because of E. coli contaminated pre-washed lettuce?

    E.Coli Scares At Petting Zoos

    CBS reports that children roaming about petting zoos, surrounded by animals, are now a thing of the past at state fairs across the nation fair organizers and visitors fear E. coli outbreaks.

    Some, like the North Carolina State Fair, are adopting new regulations, such as keeping a fence between visitors and animals and installing many handwashing stations.

    Others, such as the Texas State Fair, has cancelled their petting zoo altogether.

    Insurance companies are also turning down handling policy requests of fairs that have petting zoos, or increasing costs dramatically.

    However, Texas is planning to follow North Carolina's lead since there have been no reports of E. coli outbreaks since the installation of the new regulations.

    Something's Happening Here

    In the last month Marler Clark, has been contacted by victims, mostly parents of young children, of E. coli O157:H7. The victims live in Colorado, New York, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington. The food they consumed is primarily hamburger, but lettuce has also been implicated. Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 have also been announced in the last few days in Toledo, Ohio and Seattle, Washington. To borrow from Buffalo Springfield, "Something's happening here, what it is ain't exactly clear."

    Continue Reading...

    E. coli poisoning drastically changed her plans

    Jennifer Kern of the Forest Lake Times reports that a Minnesota woman who had planned to attend her niece's wedding in Wisconsin ended up spending that time a the Fairview Hospital instead as a result of E. coli poisoning from eating a bagged salad from Dole.

    Gail Rychlicki is one of 23 people in the Twin Cities who have been confirmed to have contracted E.coli after consuming Dole prewashed salad mixes.

    Her case was so severe in fact, she underwent a colonoscopy and had to stay in the hospital for five days.

    Looking back on the experience, Rychlicki says she is going to be much more selective when it comes to lettuce preparation.

    Hands off!

    There are major changes at the North Carolina State Fair this year, especially at the petting zoos.

    Changes were made to keep visitors and animals apart, in an effort to prevent a repeat of last year's E.coli outbreak. They include:

    • No free-roaming animals. All are kept in some sort of enclosure.

    • With the exception of the petting zoo near Gate 5, the children's zoo near Gate 7, a "learn-to-milk-a-cow" exhibit and an elephant used as a children's ride, touching animals by visitors is not allowed. This is especially true in areas where food is present, such as in the livestock barns.

    • Only people showing or judging livestock are allowed to touch the animals.

    • No food, drink or children's equipment, such as strollers, is allowed in the petting zoo, children's barnyard or State Fair Ark.

    • Plastic banners stretch between visitors and the metal containers holding animals. This makes it nearly impossible for children to reach out and touch livestock.

    • Recorded reminders not to touch the animals and to wash hands play repeatedly in English and Spanish.

    State Fair organizers take steps to prevent E. coli outbreaks

    Chick Jacobs of the Fayetteville Observer reports that a grouping of portable wash stands, each slathered with a blizzard of reminders to wash hands thoroughly, separate the petting zoo from concession stand at the North Carolina State Fair - a reminder of last year's outbreak that sickened over 100 children.

    In addition, animals and children are separated by a carnival-colored, but very official, fence. Visitors can look, touch, and feed the animals - but are no longer allowed to walk amongst them as in years past.

    Other state fairs across the country have followed suit, or have done away with petting zoos altogether in an attempt to prevent any potential for lawsuits.

    North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Oregon are the first states to create guidelines for petting-zoo sanitation and safety.

    Last farewells to tragic Mason

    Wales on Sunday reports that the funeral of the five-year-old victim of Wales' E.coli food poisoning outbreak will take place in his home town tomorrow.

    Family and friends of Mason Jones will gather to say their last goodbyes to the tragic youngster, who fought for his life for two weeks in intensive care when his E. coli infection turned into kidney failure.

    The number of cases of E.coli now stand at a total of 161 people, mostly children, affecting 42 schools.

    The outbreak was likely to be caused by somebody handling cooked meats after touching raw meat, or not cleaning a piece of equipment properly.

    There are some changes in petting zoo

    Tim Boyum at News 14 reports that the North Carolina State Fair's petting zoo is back, a year after more than 100 people were infected with E. coli.

    There are some new significant changes to the petting zoo this year, to keep the possibility of infection to a minimum, if any.

    Fences now separate animals from visitors, and there are a lot more handwashing stations. More than 200 colorful signs remind visitors to use the stations as well.

    There is also now only one way into the zoo and one way out, so personnel can keep an eye on visitors.

    Wash stations among precautions to prevent E. coli outbreak at petting zoos

    The Freedom Raleigh Bureau reports that North Carolina state agriculture officials will be implementing safety measures aimed at protecting fair-goers to prevent a reoccurence of last year's E. coli outbreak at this year's State Fair.

    The Fair will be installing wash stations at the petting zoo and at four other animal exhibits. Each station will consist of four sinks with water, soap and towels.

    In addition:

    • Metal fencing in the petting zoo will separate fair-goers from animals and their bedding to minimize or eliminate contact with manure, which can contain the E. coli bacteria. Fair-goers will still be able to reach over the fence and pet the animals, just not walk with them.

    • Fair-goers will not be allowed to bring strollers, pacifiers, sippy cups, baby bottles, food or drinks into the petting zoo.

    • More than 200 signs with colorful graphics will warn guests of the risks associated with animal contact and urging them to wash their hands after visiting the animal exhibit areas. Signs will be in both English and Spanish.

    • Staffers will be roving through animal exhibits encouraging fair-goers to wash their hands.

    Fair leaders take zoo precautions

    University of North Carolina news reports that this year, the North Carolina State Fair will be enforcing stricter hygiene standards at its petting zoo to avoid last year's outbreak of E. coli, which affected 108 visitors.

    Last year, people were permitted to walk into the animals' pens, which brought children into contact with animal bedding and waste. This year, visitors will have to pet the animals through a fence.

    No strollers, baby bottles, sippy cups, pacifiers or food will be allowed inside the zoo.

    R.W. Commerford and Sons, the company that ran the petting zoo last year and will return again this year, said there would be two wash stations at the petting zoo's exit and a sound system to remind visitors to observe basic precautions.

    In addition, signs posted outside and inside the tent will explain basic hygienic precautions in both English and Spanish.

    Zoo employees will also be washing the animals daily and bedding will be stripped and thrown away.

    Bagged "Pre-Washed" Lettuce: Is Convenience Worth the Risk?

    At least 23 Minnesotans have become ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections after eating bagged, pre-washed lettuce. At least 245,000 bags of lettuce were recalled for potential E. coli contamination nationwide, and some of the recalled lettuce was found to be contaminated with the same E. coli that sickened the 23 Minnesotans. E. coli attorney William Marler asks, "Is the convenience worth the risk?" What more needs to be done to prevent future outbreaks?

    (PRWEB) October 10, 2005 -- With at least 23 people in Minnesota sickened with the deadly E. coli O157:H7 bacterium, 8 of them hospitalized, and 1 child developing acute kidney failure, all from apparently eating bagged, "pre-washed" lettuce, one needs to ask if the convenience is worth the risk? According to the FDA, more than 245,000 bags of lettuce might be affected nationwide. An alert and recall has been launched. Some of the recalled lettuce has been found to be contaminated with the same E. coli that has sickened the 23 Minnesotans. Is the convenience worth the risk? What more needs to be done?

    Continue Reading...

    Health department adds another brand of apple cider to warning list

    Residents in Durham, Ontario, are being warned not to consume unpasteurized apple products from a second local farm, after three cases of E. coli that may be linked to the beverage.

    Apple or apple pear cider from both Watson Farms and Tyrone Mills purchased within the last two weeks may be contaminated with the bacteria.

    There are three cases that have been linked to the consumption of unpasteurized cider from Tyrone Mills. Watson Farms also had cider pressed at Tyrone Mills during the affected time period.

    Unpasteurized fruit juices and cider products have been linked to E. coli 0157:H7, a dangerous strain of E. coli that can cause serious illness or death. The Health Department recommends purchasing only pasteurized juices or ciders.

    People who purchased cider from either source are to call the health department.

    Bagged "Pre-washed" Lettuce -- Is Convenience Worth the Risk?

    With at least 23 people in Minnesota sickened with the deadly E. coli O157:H7 bacteria, 8 of them hospitalized and 1 child developing acute kidney failure, all from apparently eating bagged, "pre-washed" lettuce, one needs to ask if the convenience is worth the risk? According to the FDA, more that 245,000 bags of lettuce might be affected nationwide. An alert and recall has been launched. Some of the recalled lettuce has been found to be contaminated with the same E. coli that has sickened the 23 Minnesotans. Is the convenience worth the risk? What more need to be done?

    As maintained in a recent article in the Salinas Californian, 23 percent of all salads in the United States are bagged and in 2004 bagged lettuce reached $4 billion in sales. This, despite numerous outbreaks traced to E. coli-contaminated produce in the last few years.

    In October 2003, 13 residents of a California retirement center were sickened and 2 died after eating E. coli-contaminated "pre-washed" spinach. In September 2003, nearly 40 patrons of a California restaurant chain became ill after eating salads prepared with bagged, "pre-washed" lettuce. In July 2002, over 50 young women were stricken with E. coli at a dance camp after eating "pre-washed" lettuce, leaving several hospitalized, and 1 with life-long kidney damage. The Center for Science in the Public Interest found that of 225 food-poisoning outbreaks from 1990 to 1998, nearly 20 percent (55 outbreaks) were linked to fresh fruits, vegetables or salads.

    What about bagged, "pre-washed" lettuce and other fresh fruits and vegetables? Is "pre-washing" enough? Has this $4 billion industry done enough to protect consumers? Should consumers wash again the "pre-washed" product? Perhaps, however, in a study published in the January 2002 journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, washing lettuce, no matter how often may not make the product safe. The study found it possible that lettuce can be contaminated "through transport of the pathogen into the plant by the root system."

    So, what should consumers do to protect themselves? What can the industry do to protect its customers? Research, more research -- we need to find a way to make sure pathogenic E. coli stays out of products that are not cooked before eaten -- like salads. We need to know is washing (repeatedly) is enough, or if other, more invasive procedures are necessary. Is the convenience worth the risk? Research should tell us.

    Food standards on board's plate

    Valerie Miller of the Las Vegas Business Press reports that Nevada Burger King restaurants may soon be allowed to reheat food at lower temperatures, despite concerns over past outbreaks of food-borne illnesses.

    If approved, the fast-food chain will be able to reduce the reheating temperature for Burger King's pre-cooked Chicken Whopper patties and Angus Burger patties from the state's required 165 degrees to 140 degrees. The lower temperature still would meet minimum federal standards.

    Federal food temperature standards were ushered in after the Jack in the Box restaurant E. coli scare in 1993, in Washington state. The deadly bacteria killed four customers who consumed undercooked beef patties, and media coverage of the outbreak nearly destroyed the fast food chain.

    Restaurant food safety consultant and former CDC employee Frank Bryan, who runs Food Safety Consulting and Training near Atlanta, sees problems arising out of the lower-temperature scenario. Heating meats and poultry to 165 degrees kills bacteria in as little as three seconds. By contrast, food heated at 140 degrees must be maintained at that temperature for at least 12-15 minutes to destroy the bacteria - which may not work for fast-food restaurants.

    The request has been placed on the state Board of Health's consent agenda and its success could be a sign of bigger changes in Nevada's food codes.

    Another fast food chain, California-based Carl's Jr., is not planning to follow in Burger King's footsteps in Nevada.

    State boosts safety of fair's petting zoo

    Andrea Weigl of the News Observer reports that Agriculture Commissioner Steve Troxler doesn't want a repeat of last year's fiasco, where an E. coli outbreak left more than 100 people, mainly children, sick after visiting the North Carolina State Fair's petting zoo.

    As a result, there are some changes to keep fairgoers healthy, including:

    • People will be separated from baby goats, lambs and other animals by a fence.
    • Warning signs will be posted.
    • As many as six hand-washing stations will be positioned near the petting zoo and elsewhere at the fairgrounds.
    • An additional 60 restrooms are going to be available at the fairgrounds this year, including some strategically set up across from the petting zoo.
    • These items should not be brought into the petting zoo: strollers, pacifiers, sippy cups, baby bottles, food, drinks and tobacco products.

    Troxler added that "Proper hand-washing with the soap, water and paper towels, we believe, is the key."

    State Fair Petting Zoo Has New Rules

    Tim Nelson of Channel 11 News in Raleigh reports that when people go to the North Carolina State Fair this year, they'll find some changes. The top concern for many officials is the petting zoo.

    Last year, more than 100 people, most of them children, got sick from E. coli bacteria traced to the animals at one of the petting zoos.

    Brian Long of the N.C. Department of Agriculture says several steps have been taken to insure a safer, healthier State Fair this October.

    In addition to metal fencing to prevent visitors from entering the pens where animals are kept, more hand-washing stations have been added and there will be hundreds of signs urging fairgoers to use them.

    Another change is that visitors will not be allowed to bring certain items near the animals such as pacifiers, sippy cups, and baby bottles, in addition to food and drink.

    Saying "No" To Petting Zoos?

    WNCT-TV 9 News reports that for many families, the word "E. coli" hasn't stopped them from stepping in, reaching out or even feeding animals at petting zoos. However, new precautions are being taken to keep visitors safer.

    New regulations for petting zoo owners say there must be a walkway around the fenced animal area so that way people outside of the fence can't touch the animals. There also must only be one way in and out, that's so they can control who is coming and make sure they wash their hands when they leave.

    Pitt County Fair director Kenneth Ross has taken it one step further. He's trading in his petting zoo for a "children's barn yard". "We decided to do something a little different," he said. "We'll have a child activity area. It's going to be real nice. They can play in the sand box they can shop at our grocery store...they will even have a place to dig for sharks teeth."

    The goal, Ross says, is to not put fun for kids at risk, by creating plenty of other things to do instead.

    Spring Valley man dies; E. coli suspected

    Shelby Sebens and Michelle Robbins of the News Tribune report that thirty-year-old LeRoy Bertrand of Spring Valley died Wednesday morning at a Chicago hospital. E. coli infection is suspected in his death.

    Bertrand, an avid hunter and fisherman, was reported to have last eaten at two Spring Valley restaurants. Both remained open today. Sources in the Cook County Medical Examiner's office said they are not aware of a scheduled autopsy.

    Preparing Ground Beef For Safe Consumption

    Wash hands with warm, soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after handling raw meat and poultry. Wash cutting boards, dishes and utensils with hot, soapy water. Immediately clean spills.

    Keep raw meat, fish and poultry away from other food that will not be cooked. Use separate cutting boards for raw meat, poultry and egg products and cooked foods.

    Consumers should only eat ground beef or ground beef patties that have been cooked to a safe internal temperature of 160 degrees F.

    Color is NOT a reliable indicator that ground beef or ground beef patties have been cooked to a temperature high enough to kill harmful bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7.

    The only way to be sure ground beef is cooked to a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria is to use a thermometer to measure the internal temperature.

    Refrigerate raw meat and poultry within two hours after purchase or one hour if temperatures exceed 90 degrees F. Refrigerate cooked meat and poultry within two hours after cooking.

    Health officials issue alfalfa sprouts advisory

    THD reports that an individual in Tulsa was hospitalized with an E. coli infection suspected to have come from eating alfalfa sprouts.

    E. coli infection occurs most commonly from eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. Other known sources of infection include consumption of sprouts, lettuce, salami, unpasteurized milk and juice, and swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water.

    Consumers can prevent e. coli infection by:

    • Thoroughly cooking ground beef
    • Avoiding unpasteurized milk and other high risk foods such as sprouts, lettuce, and salami
    • Washing hands thoroughly

    Keep the pet ban

    The Orlando City Council wants the local legislative delegation to get Orlando exempted from the law that bans pets from restaurants - something that is being widely contested.

    Proponents of the exemption insist that allowing dogs in restaurants would enhance downtown's cosmopolitan atmosphere - and some restaurants even offer canine menus for those cutomers with dogs.

    However, the opposition maintains that the presence of dogs in the dining areas could inadvertently contaminate food with potentially deadly food-borne germs.

    The restaurant pet ban was initially based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration food code. That code bans dogs from restaurants because they shed constantly and their fur, which sometimes is soiled with feces and other unsanitary substances, can easily blow onto food and dining tables. What's more, some dogs are infected with salmonella.

    The existing restaurant law does make an exception for service animals, such as specially trained dogs that help blind people.

    Area meatpackers challenge USDA

    Erin Nicholes of The Montana Standard reports that owners of a small, federally inspected meat plants told U.S. Department of Agriculture officials Thursday that they feel targeted by inspectors. Confusing government standards and a general lack of help in understanding the rules were also addressed.

    Food Safety requires packers to create plans, supported with scientific documentation, for preventing hazards, such as contamination from harmful bacteria like listeria and E. coli. But finding documentation is difficult for small plants, as they lack staff scientists and quick access to data.

    The accusations came after the agency's Food Safety Inspection Service temporarily shut down Ranchland Packing Co. in August. The plant was shut down after inspectors found mouse droppings and could not reopen until carcasses were washed with a solution scientifically proven to kill rodent-borne contaminants.

    Owner Gary Wold called a Food Safety technical help line but got nowhere. Only after pressure from Montana politicians did the USDA offer a response - a simple recipe of one tablespoon of bleach per gallon of water.

    Officials acknowledged the technical line should have been more helpful. "If there are weaknesses in our system and we could've given information more rapidly, I'm here to tell you we'll take responsibility," said Bryce Quick, Food Safety's deputy administrator.

    State Fair scraps petting zoo

    The Dallas Morning News reports that insurance companies have raised their rates for fairs and events that have petting zoos as a result of the increase in petting zoo-related E. coli infections amongst visitors. As a result, places such as the State Fair of Texas will be cancelling their Children's Barnyard Petting Zoo.

    None of the fair's other animal exhibits, including the livestock barns and the pig races, will be affected.

    In past years, Children's Barnyard -- which featured more than 20 types of animals including young alpacas, llamas and kangaroos -- provided hand-sanitizing gel and displayed signs prominently asking visitors to wash their hands after touching the animals.

    Daryl Real, the fair's vice president for agricultural and livestock, said officials had planned to install more soap dispensers this year at the zoo and in the livestock area, but with the increased insurance cost of having a petting zoo, they opted to cancel that portion of the fair.

    State Fair officials said they plan to find another insurance carrier and reopen the petting zoo next year.

    Just what is E.coli O157?

    E. coli is a rather common bacterium that helps people to stay healthy. But strain O157, which is found in the intestines of people and cattle, can be potentially fatal.

    This potentially lethal strain first appeared in Britain in the 1980s and is technically known as Verocytotoxin-producing E.coli, or VTEC. Cases of E.coli O157 have tripled in the UK since 1991 and about 15% of cattle are thought to be carriers.

    E.coli symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to abdominal cramps and blood in the stools. Some patients also suffer from a complication, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which kills red blood cells and can cause kidney failure.

    Symptoms may appear within hours or days, depending on a series of factors, including the number of organisms ingested, the person's state of health and their natural resistance to the bug.

    Experts warn sufferers not to take anti-diarrhoeal medication and instead to drink plenty of water. Most people shake off the bug within a week after being prescribed antibiotics.

    Food companies in e.coli inquiry

    Firms supplying food to the South Wales schools hit by an e.coli outbreak are reportedly being examined as part of the public health inquiry into the disease.

    The National Public Health Service for Wales initially said at the weekend that seven cases had been identified in the past few days. That rose to 22 on Monday, and another one was confirmed on Monday afternoon. Now the number of confirmed cases of e.coli food poisoning in the south Wales valleys has risen to 31 in 16 schools.

    Consultant epidemiologist Dr Roland Salmon confirmed that all the children involved had been in the "school catering system. We will work back up through the food chain - that is an important element of any investigation. If that requires looking at wholesalers, manufacturers, retailers, those steps will be set in motion."

    The schools involved are opening on Tuesday as usual. However, parents have been told that children with a stomach upset should be kept home as a precaution and a helpline has been set up. All other children should still go to school, and if parents were still concerned they could contact the helpline.

    E. coli Attorney Bio

    Bill Marler is the managing partner in the law firm Marler Clark L.L.P., P.S. Since 1993, Bill has represented thousands of victims of E. coli, Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Listeria, Shigella, Campylobacter and Norovirus illnesses in over thirty States.

    Food poisoning lawsuits against companies responsible for introducing contaminated food into our food supply have become the focus of Bill's professional career as an attorney. Bill's first client who was injured after consuming contaminated food was nine-year-old Brianne Kiner, who fell with an E. coli O157:H7 infection and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome after eating a contaminated hamburger during the now-infamous Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak of 1993. Bill negotiated a $15.6 million settlement for Brianne's injuries, a record in the State of Washington for personal injury cases. He resolved several other cases from the Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak for over $2.5 million each.

    Continue Reading...

    Rules afoot to protect fairgoers from E. coli

    The Associated Press reports that fewer of the events at fairs in North Carolina will have petting zoos due to an E. coli outbreak at last year's State Fair that left more than 100 people. Fifteen of those who picked up the bacteria, mostly young children, continue to fight the disease and may need kidney transplants.

    E. coli disease has become more common in recent years for several reasons, said David Marshall, state veterinarian for the Department of Agriculture.

    First, the bacteria are more easily diagnosed with modern tools and may have become more harmful than in past generations. In addition, the modern urban population may not have the immunity that built up among rural residents.

    Existing guidelines keep visitors from being in animals' stalls or holding areas, and they require visitors to immediately wash their hands after leaving. More rules may be on the way.

    No Petting Zoo? No Fair!

    The News Record reports that Several outbreaks of E. coli associated with petting zoos last year have all but ended the practice at the Central Carolina Fair.

    Now, all adults and children can do is pause at the fence and wave. Some stand on the lower metal rungs and reach across the empty space to sneak a quick rub.

    Last fall, 108 people contracted E. coli at North Carolina's State Fair. Fifteen of those cases, mostly young children, were life-threatening, and many of those children may need kidney transplants in the future. Earlier this year, five children suffered kidney failure after visiting the petting zoo at a Florida fair. In 2000, 21 children fell ill after visiting a petting zoo in Pennsylvania.

    The state is mulling over legislation that would govern how to best show off the animals while protecting people. The new guidelines, according to David Marshall, the state veterinarian for the Department of Agriculture, do not completely prevent animal contact.

    "We are adamant that we do not want to do that," he said. "We are restricting some of the ways people come in contact."

    Current guidelines prohibit visitors from being in animals' stalls or holding areas, and they require visitors to immediately wash their hands upon leaving. But until new legislation is finalized sometime in the spring, local fairs are taking no risks.

    Companies to Develop Drug to Kill E.coli

    The Associated Press reports that U.S. pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly and Co. plans to work with India's Gangagen Biotechnologies to develop a drug that uses benign viruses to kill the deadly E. coli bacteria in cattle.

    Gangagen developed the drug and signed an agreement last week with Elanco Animal Health, Eli Lilly's animal feed division, to convert the drug into a cattle feed supplement.

    The drug can help prevent the bacteria from spreading to humans through contaminated beef, which causes 70,000 infections and a few dozen deaths each year in the United States alone.

    The companies plan to carry out a trial among 400 cattle in Canada next year and launch the drug there by mid-2007. They hope to start selling it in the U.S. soon after.

    New E. Coli Bug Surfaces

    KOMO News reports that England's Health Protection Agency says a new strain of E. coli that is resistant to antibiotics is spreading rapidly across the country.

    Health officials don't have a hard number of cases from the new bug, but an outbreak two years ago killed 10 people.

    They're urging better surveillance of all possible cases so they can access the situation.

    Raising the Bar

    The war against pathogens and food-borne illness still rages on, but the meat, poultry, and allied industries are making significant advances.

    The CDC reported in mid-April that:

    • Infections for E. coli O157:H7 are down 42 percent since the baseline years of 1996 through 1998. Over the same time period, the Agriculture Department observed a sustained decline in the positive samples of E. coli O157:H7 in its ground beef sampling program. In March 2005, USDA relayed a 43.3 percent drop in positive E. coli O157:H7 tests in ground beef samples tested by that organization.

    • The U.S. has achieved is Healthy People 2010 goal of less than one E. coli O157:H7 infection per 100,000 people five years ahead of schedule.

    • Listeriosis cases also declined 40 percent since the baseline years. This, AMIF adds, corresponds to a sustained decline in the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.

    Continue Reading...

    Health Department: Three E. coli cases isolated, not cause for alarm

    The Tribune reports that three cases of E. coli were reported in Cascade County last week, but officials say there is no risk that the disease will spread to the general public.

    The three cases are isolated to one family, and they are no longer infected, according to Cherry Loney, executive director of the City-County Health Department.

    The health department investigated but could not trace the Cascade County family's infection to a particular source. Since people can spread E. coli to one another, it is not uncommon to see three cases develop within the same family.

    The E. coli bacteria, which travels through the stomach and small intestine and finally latches on to the inner wall of the large intestine, causes considerable stomach pain, cramping and severe diarrhea. The bacteria is spread through contaminated and undercooked food or from person-to-person contact.

    The best defense against E. coli is constant hand washing, Loney said. Once a person contracts the disease, the best means of fighting it is rehydrating.

    Keeping Clean at the Fair

    Essex Junction News reports that the Champlain Valley Fair has teamed up with the University of Vermont's Extension Service to offer hand-sanitizing stations near farm exhibits, to make visitors to the fair aware of dangerous bacteria spread by contact with animals, including salmonella and e-coli.

    The hope is that with proper education, visitors won't contract any diseases by petting animals and then immediately eating food with their fingers. "It's really very important that when you leave an exhibit, you should wash your hands," says Nancy Knapp of the Champlain Valley Fair.

    While hand-sanitizing stations offer convenience, washing with soap and hot water is still best.

    Fair-goers aglow about hand-washing stations at fair

    The Associated Press reports that There's a new attraction at the Oregon State Fair this year - and it's not what you'd think.

    Located at the exit to the petting zoo, an 18-foot trailer equipped with six sinks had people lined out the door this weekend.

    Inside, children doused their hands with powder before washing them and placing them under a backlight lamp.The light showed whether the person had cleaned thoroughly enough to wash off all the powder.

    The Marion County Health Department set up the station to educate people about the importance of washing hands. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends people scrub their hands a full 20 seconds to clean off all bacteria after they touch animals, handle uncooked food or go to the bathroom.

    "People who are eating food or rubbing their faces, you've got to wash your hands thoroughly. It doesn't take many organisms to spread the infection,'' said Dr. Justin Denny, a health officer.

    Researchers find toxin in south Idaho cattle fecal samples

    Idaho State Journal reports that Idaho State University researchers have detected Shiga toxin in six of seven cattle fecal samples that were collected from cattle feedlot and dairy operations between Twin Falls and Boise.

    Shiga toxin-producing E. coli and related bacteria cause illness in approximately 73,000 Americans and cause an average of 60 deaths annually in the United States.

    The specific type of bacteria most often associated with these disease outbreaks is E. coli 0157:H7, but other pathogens can be the culprit, including acinetobacter and shigella dysenteriae. Other types of bacteria, if they have the Shiga toxin gene, may or may not cause disease. Better disease screening practices may be needed for correct diagnosis.

    Idaho has a higher per capita reported incidence of E. coli than other states, according to ISU researchers. This could be because Idaho tests for the infection more aggressively.

    Canada and U.S. link databases to facilitate tracing of food outbreaks

    The Canadian Press reports that an international agreement between Canada and the US will allow public health officials on both sides of the border to trace outbreaks of foodborne pathogens like E. coli with greater ease from now on.

    Electronic databases maintained by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control will be formally linked, allowing investigators in both countries to chase down outbreaks of foodborne illness more rapidly and efficiently that can often occur over multiple states and provinces.

    The head of the CDC's foodborne division said given the links between the countries and their food supplies, such co-operation makes sense. The U.S. database tracks four pathogens - E. coli, salmonella, shigella and listeria. Currently PulseNet Canada tracks only E. coli, but will be adding the others.

    Additional systems, named after the CDC's PulseNet, are in the works for Latin America, Europe and countries of the Pacific Rim, extending the investigative capacities of the linked databases.

    Evaluation of culture- and PCR-based detection methods for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in inoculated ground beef

    This month's Journal of Food Protection (Volume 68, Number 8, Page 1566-1574) reports that currently, several beef processors employ test-and-hold systems for increased quality control of ground beef.

    In such programs, each lot of product must be tested and found negative for Escherichia coli O157:H7 prior to release of the product into commerce. Optimization of three testing attributes (detection time, specificity, and sensitivity) is critical to the success of such strategies.

    Because ground beef is a highly perishable product, the testing methodology used must be as rapid as possible. The test also must have a low false-positive result rate so product is not needlessly discarded. False-negative results cannot be tolerated because they would allow contaminated product to be released and potentially cause disease.

    In a study published in the Journal of Food Protection, two culture-based and three PCR-based methods for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef were compared for their abilities to meet the above criteria.

    Ground beef samples were individually spiked with five genetically distinct strains of E. coli O157: H7 and then subjected to the various testing methodologies. There was no difference in the abilities of the PCR-based methods to detect E. coli O157:H7. The culture-based systems detected more positive samples than did the PCR-based systems, but the detection times were at least nine hours longer than those for the PCR-based methods.

    Ground beef samples were also spiked with potentially cross-reactive strains. The PCR-based systems that employed an immunomagnetic separation step prior to detection produced fewer false-positive results.

    Failed beef cooperative trying again to start plant

    The Associated Press reports that An Upper Midwest ranchers co-op that failed at several attempts to start a beef processing plant is trying again, this time focusing on the "natural" market.

    Cattle in the venture would have no added hormones and would be processed for a premium market, said Dwight Bassingthwaite of Sarles, president of the Dakota Beef Cooperative board.

    A $160,000 feasibility study is being funded by the Griggs-Steele Empowerment Zone, the Farmers Union Marketing and Processing Foundation and the North Dakota Association of Rural Electric Cooperatives.

    Dakota Beef grew out of the Northern Plains Premium Beef Cooperative, which failed twice in the 1990s to get ranchers to invest in a proposed plant in Belle Fourche, S.D. Dakota Beef then failed in its own attempt to start a plant, and in 2002, its attempt to partner with a Nebraska meatpacking company fell through.

    The co-op has about 100 members in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana and Wyoming.

    Fresh veggie exports to be tested

    Asean Food News reports that Fresh vegetables from Thailand will be examined from now on to prevent contamination with micro organisms causing diarrhea before being exported to European Union members and Norway.

    The move came after EU members and Norway suspended exports of some fresh vegetables from Thailand after finding contamination with E coli and Salmonella bacteria in past lots which have caused diarrheal infections.

    The Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry has instructed the Agriculture Department to overhaul its agricultural produce standard control measures, including improving tests for the organisms from the beginning of the agricultural production process to ensure that the vegetable produce is safe.

    The Department will first register farms producing vegetables for export so that it can locate the origins of the produce, and then check for the organisms in advance because the process can take up to seven days.

    Those farms would also be listed under the food safety programme, under which they would be required to produce vegetables in line with the department's instructions on good agricultural practice.

    Feedlot comes under fire

    The Capital Press reports that Double C Farms near Oakley, Idaho, has racked up more than $800,000 in state fines for alleged violations that include the injection of waste lagoon run-off directly into the aquifer.

    The feedlot was found to be in violation of the Idaho Beef Cattle Environmental Control Act and the Idaho Waste Disposal and Injection Wells Act, state officials said.

    The shallow aquifer has tested negative for total coliform bacteria and E. Coli., while the deep aquifer has tested positive for both contaminates, DEQ groundwater manager Dave Hovland said.

    The IDWR is seeking civil penalties of $214,700 against Double C Farms and an associated business, Lambert Produce Inc., for the alleged violations. The operation also faces fines of $643,000 from the state agricultural department for roughly 33 violations.

    The alleged violations by Double C Farms aren't representative of how most Idaho cattle feedlots are operated, representatives of the Idaho Cattle Association said.

    Go ahead and pet the animals

    The Chronicle reports that thousands of visitors will soon flock to the Twin Cities for the Southwest Washington Fair. And interacting with farm animals is as much a part of most people's fair experience as elephant ears and cotton candy.

    Sheep, pigs, horses, goats and many other barnyard dwellers can carry illnesses and bacteria that can be easily transferred to humans. Many of these cross-contaminations reported each year happen at fairs and festivals.

    What many visitors to the six-day extravaganza do not recognize is contact with perfectly healthy animals can also make them sick. The National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes organisms including E. coli 0157-H7, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Cryptosspordium are found in the feces of most livestock, which often contaminates the animals' fur, hair, skin and saliva. If ingested by humans, these bacteria can cause symptoms such as fever, vomiting, nausea and diarrhea.

    The CDC lists the following recommendations to stay healthy at animal exhibits:

    • Find the nearest hand-washing station and use it after touching animals or their enclosures, and especially before eating and drinking.
    • Consider carrying a bottle of hand-sanitizing gel in case hand-washing stations are unavailable.
    • Keep food and drink out of animal areas.
    • Do not allow children to put hands or other objects in their mouths while interacting with animals.
    • Never share food with animals -- this will keep both you and the animal healthy.
    • Senior citizens, children younger than 5, pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems should limit exposure.

    E. coli lawsuit filed against Olive Garden

    Marler Clark filed an E. coli lawsuit Monday in Multnomah County Circuit Court against the Olive Garden Italian Restaurant, on behalf of Jodi Greer, a Troutdale, Oregon resident who became ill with an E. coli infection after eating at the restaurant's Gresham store in April 2005.

    The complaint states that Ms. Greer suffered severe gastrointestinal symptoms including bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever, chills, muscle aches, and fatigue, and was treated at the Providence Portland Medical Center ER 3 days after dining at the Gresham Olive Garden.

    She later submitted a stool sample to the Multnomah County Health Department (MCHD) that cultured positive for Enterotoxigenic E. coli -- E. coli O169:H41. During their outbreak investigation, the MCHD determined that Ms. Greer was one of at least 18 people who succumbed to E. coli after eating at the Olive Garden.

    People don't go out to eat at a chain restaurant and expect to get sick. Olive Garden owed a duty to Jodi, and to all of its other customers, to sell food that was safe for human consumption, and the restaurant failed to perform that duty.

    Meatpacking Refined: '02 Recall Was 'Life-Changing' Event for Industry

    The Omaha World-Herald reports that changes in the meatpacking industry are driven by consumer demands and the government to control deadly pathogens such as E. coli and mad cow disease, also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE.

    In recent years, packing plants have invested money to make plants cleaner and to cleanse carcasses more thoroughly.

    In 2002, Swift & Co.'s Greeley plant recalled 18.6 million pounds of ground beef because of contamination by E. coli O157:H7, which can cause serious illness and even death. It became the nation's largest meat recall ever.

    The recall was a "life-changing" event for the plant, said Keith Belk, an animal-science professor at Colorado State University. "It's been truly remarkable the change in the entire culture inside that plant."

    Swift washes cattle hides and then puts carcasses through two high-temperature pasteurization washes. Swift is the first company to implement double pasteurization at every facility.

    The industry's efforts have reduced contamination by 78 percent from 2002 to 2004, according to the Food Safety and Inspection Service. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cites a 42 percent decline in E. coli infections from 1996 to 2004.

    Wash hands after petting fair animals

    Zena Edwards of The Olympian reminds us that direct contact with animals can carry a variety of pathogens that are capable of causing diseases in humans. Humans might become ill from contaminated food and water or from contact with animals or their environment. Persons touching animals or surfaces in the animal's environment might contaminate their hands.

    Fortunately, although the potential for illness from animal contact exists, much of the risk can be reduced by good hand washing. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that "hand washing is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection."

    If hands are not washed thoroughly after contact with animals or their environs, the bacteria can infect these persons through hand-to-mouth contact.

    In addition to washing hands after touching animals and before eating, the Washington State Department of Health has developed these recommendations for fair and petting- zoo visitors to help them stay healthy while having fun:

    • Avoid touching your face or mouth before washing hands.
    • Do not eat or drink while in the animal area.
    • Toys and pacifiers should not be used in the animal area.
    • Do not drink unpasteurized milk or milk products.

    In addition, these hand washing habits are important for good health in general:

    • Wet hands using running water (warm if available).
    • Use soap and scrub for 20 seconds.
    • Rinse with running water (again, warm if available).
    • Dry with a paper towel.
    • Use the towel to turn off the faucet and open the bathroom door.

    Cider house rules: No more raw cider sales starting in 2006

    The Business Review reports that cider legally sold in New York state must now be treated to kill E. coli and other microorganisms, which will be a disappointment for those who enjoy natural unpasteurized apple cider.

    Gov. George Pataki signed a bill into law this month that requires cider to be pasteurized or exposed to ultraviolet light. Each method destroys microorganisms like the potentially deadly E. coli 0157:H7, and cryptosporidium. Cider made for production of hard cider or vinegar is exempt from the treatment requirement.

    The New York Apple Association asked the state Legislature to approve the cider-treatment requirement following an E. coli outbreak last fall that was traced to cider from an orchard in Peru, Clinton County. More than 300 people were sickened by the tainted cider.

    The treatment requirement goes into effect in mid-January 2006, getting most orchards through the processing of the 2005 crop and giving farmers time to comply with the new rules.

    State officials urge visitors to practice good hygiene during fair season

    Nearly 30 state, county and community fairs are scheduled before the end of September all around the country.

    As much as it is a great opportunity for kids to see a sheep sheared, a cow milked, a chick hatched and - best of all - to hug or pet a cuddly baby calf or a newborn goat, state officials are reminding families to be cautious, especially around the animals.

    State officials don't want an outbreak of a potentially deadly strain of E. coli bacteria like the one that infected 26 people, most of them children, at fairs in Florida over the past winter.

    This month, about 70 fair managers from across the state attended a two-day workshop on preventing food- and animal-borne illness.

    Fairgoers will see more hand-washing stations this year than in the past, along with signs reminding them to do so. 4-H and Future Farmers of America volunteer groups have also joined in, to encourage visitors leaving animal barns to wash their hands.

    In addition, the North Carolina General Assembly passed legislation this month that requires stricter sanitation requirements for petting zoos, and at the Saratoga County Fair in New York managers placed hand sanitizer on poles scattered about the grounds.

    "Go to the fair and enjoy it," said John R. Brooks, deputy secretary of the Maryland Department of Agriculture and a veterinarian. "Interact with animals, but use good hygiene practices, commonsense things like washing your hands after petting the animals."

    Disease detectives report on progress in fighting foodborne sickness

    Scripps Howard News Service reports that accelerated testing of the meat supply may have caused a significant decline in rates of E. coli infections, but there is still very slow progress against contamination by drug-resistant strains of salmonella. There is also an increasing rate of contamination of shellfish - mainly raw oysters - from a bacterium called vibrio that can be lethal to people with chronic liver problems.

    The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last year detected salmonella infections at the rate of 14.7 cases per 100,000 people - more than double the government's "healthy people" goal. There were similarly high rates of salmonella infections from 2000 to 2003.

    Robert Tauxe, chief of the foodborne-disease unit at the CDC in averting outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7, a particularly virulent strain of the common pathogen that can attack the kidneys of young children and has killed some.

    Jim Hodges, president of the American Meat Institute Foundation, said that there has been a decline of salmonella in ground beef, but that contamination in poultry remains a problem.

    The U.S. poultry industry produces about 9 billion birds a year, mainly chicken. U.S. Agriculture Department statistics indicate that about 12 percent of chickens were positive for salmonella in 2001, 11 percent in 2002, and 13 percent in 2003.

    Researchers say one reason why outbreaks of food poisoning continue to be a problem is that people aren't heeding government food-safety warnings, such as avoiding alfalfa sprouts or heating deli meats before eating them.

    Research and Markets: Understanding Pathogen Behaviour: Virulence, Stress Response and Resistance

    Research and Markets, an online market research resource, has announced the addition of "Understanding Pathogen Behaviour: Virulence, Stress Response and Resistance" to their list of reports available online.

    After two introductory chapters on ways of analysing and modelling pathogens, Part 1 summarizes current research on what determines pathogenicity, stress response, adaptation and resistance. Part 2 reviews the behaviour of particular pathogens, reviewing virulence, stress response and resistance mechanisms in such pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and Campylobacter. The final part of the book assesses how pathogens react and adapt to particular stresses from heat treatment and the effects of low temperature to the use of disinfectants and sanitisers.

    "Understanding Pathogen Behaviour" summarizes the wealth of recent research and its implications for the food industry. Its editor is Mansel Griffiths, Professor of Food Science at Guelph University and Director of the Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety.

    Banquet hall will pay E. coli vicitms

    The Mississauga News reports that former owners of Trillium Banquest Hall in Mississauga will pay out as much as $1 million to high school students and other guests who became ill with E. coli poisoning.

    Nearly 90 graduates from E.C. Drury High School in Milton, who were there celebrating their prom night, fell ill from eating food at the Brunel Rd. banquet hall on June 25, 2003.

    During their investigation, Peel health officials determined the source of the E. coli infection in the students to be the meal served at the banquet hall. They also reported five confirmed cases of E. coli poisoning in people who attended three other events at the Trillium Banquet Hall around the same time, including a wedding and corporate functions.

    The financial amount will be divided among at least 150 people and is part of a settlement reached this week during a class action lawsuit. Complainants will be paid on a scale of $500-$5,000 depending on the severity of the infection, according to the proposed settlement. A person who was sick for three days gets $500, while a person who displayed symptoms for more than a month receives $5,000.

    A superior court judge will hold an approval hearing on Aug. 15, when he will review the settlement in a Brampton courtroom.

    The hall shut down shortly after the lawsuit was filed.

    ABCs of barnyard hygiene

    The Flint Journal reports that the increasing phenomenon of bacterial infection outbreaks from exposure to animals have led experts to produce guidelines for staying safe at petting zoos, county fairs and rodeos this summer.

    Even healthy animals can make people sick, and the most common way for transmission is fecal-oral route, according to the CDC. But fur, hair, skin and saliva can be contaminated too with fecal organisms.

    Transmission occurs when people pet, touch, or are licked by animals and then eat or touch their mouths without washing their hands. What often happens is that a toddler will pet a sheep or goat, then stick his fingers in his mouth, as children often do.

    Guidelines from the Centers of Disease Control urge handwashing, staying clear of animal enclosures and steering families to places that have handwashing stations.

    They certainly can go and visit (petting zoos), but handwashing should be a part of the day, said Dr. Wailed Abuhammour, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Hurley Medical Center.

    New rapid technique detects food bacteria

    Scientists at Cornell University have developed a rapid, less costly and sensitive new technique for detecting group A streptococcus, the bacteria that cause scarlet fever. The technique can be applied to a wide variety of bacterial pathogens, including E. coli.

    The new biosensor works in a test tube and a positive result shows up as a red line on a strip, much like a pregnancy test. The method may help researchers and companies that are in the business of tracking food-borne pathogens, allowing technicians to determine a source quickly. It may also help to analyze a throat culture swab, to tell if someone has an illness like strep throat.

    Current biosensors rely on a time-consuming technique called gene amplification that requires costly equipment. With the new technique, the entire process takes only 35 minutes, while traditional gene amplification techniques may take many hours. Early results suggest this new method could detect fewer than 100 cells of a pathogen in just half an hour.

    "We hope to see this technique commercialized, because it is very rapid compared to all the standard methods right now," said Sam Nugen, a graduate student in Cornell's food science department and the study's lead author. "It would be great if we came up with something that became a standard."

    Hemolytic uremic syndrome in children

    Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by acute kidney failure, low red cell count and low platelet count. In children, HUS most often occurs after several days of diarrhea, often bloody, due to a specific strain of E. coli named O157:H7.

    E. coli O157:H7 causes inflammation of the intestine. It also produces a toxin that causes damage and swelling in the lining of blood vessels, especially the small blood vessels (glomerular capillaries) in the kidney. As red blood cells travel through the damaged blood vessels, they're often destroyed (hemolysis). This may result in acute kidney failure.

    Additional signs and symptoms of HUS include:

    • Pale skin tone
    • Fatigue and irritability
    • Small, unexplained bruises or bleeding from the nose and mouth
    • Decreased urination
    • Swelling of the face, hands, feet or entire body

    Treatment may include:

    • Kidney dialysis
    • Red blood cell transfusions to correct anemia
    • Platelet transfusions if bleeding occurs

    Most children with diarrhea-associated E. coli infection don't develop HUS. Those who do, require hospitalization and careful management.With appropriate treatment, the majority of children will recover with no permanent kidney damage.

    Petting Zoo Safety

    In a recent article about petting zoo safety, Dr. Jeanne Ellen Hyrciuk, MD, FCAP, discussed how to safeguard against the hazards of disease-inducing bacteria after contact with petting zoo animals and look out for signs of illness such as nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea or fever.

    With the rise in popularity of petting zoos, there will be increased potential for the rise of e-coli and salmonella infections, mostly as a result of people not washing their hands, especially young children who are susceptible to putting their hands in their mouths.

    Taking the simple precautions of washing immediately after visiting a petting zoo and not preparing food with hands that have touched potentially infectious animals can make all the difference.

    Sandstorm over health

    Newsday reports that recent studies suggest that the nation's beaches are filled with E.coli and other organisms that may threaten human health.

    Scientists conducting the studies say E.coli may not be the only infectious worry. Richard Whitman, chief of the Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station, says that his research shows that "there are other pathogens."

    Whitman found that E.coli levels were 10 times higher in sand than in the water. The organisms can gain entry into the body through any opening, especially the eyes, ears and mouth. In addition to infection, swallowed water contaminated with high levels of certain organisms can trigger gastrointestinal symptoms.

    Ocean waves are more likely to carry bacteria away from the shore. In lakes, the water is more stagnant and the risk of bacterial growth is higher, which is why more lake areas get closed due to contamination.

    Federal public health laws currently only mandate the testing of water. The nonprofit Clean Beaches Council wants public health laws to include the testing of sand. The Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have also expressed interest in testing sand.

    Walter McLeod, president of the Clean Beaches Council, advises parents to make sure their children are washed down when leaving the beach, and make sure they keep their hands out of their mouths, ears and eyes.

    Petting area slated to reopen for patrons

    The Blade News reports that less than a month after officials warned they might close it for the summer because a routine animal screening detected an infectious bacteria, The Toledo Zoo's petting zoo is scheduled to reopen.

    The petting zoo closed June 24, after one Lucas County child became infected with campylobacteriosis. Although a portion of the zoo reopened a short time later so that visitors could view the animals, today's full opening means that children can pet the animals again.

    Campylobacteriosis is extremely common. Once passed to humans, it can cause a fever, diarrhea, and vomiting that typically lasts several days, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, in rare cases, it can be life-threatening.

    Dr. Wynona Shellabarger, the zoo's interim veterinarian, said the petting zoo's cows, sheep, pigs, alpacas, miniature donkeys, and other animals have been tested for campylobacter. "The results are all coming back negative, and the animals are healthy," she said.

    The animals in the petting zoo that are on loan at the zoo for the summer will be tested about once a month. Among other precautionary steps, the zoo now sanitizes petting zoo handrails twice daily. Sanitizing wipes and hand-washing stations are provided.

    Is the party over?

    The Brandon Times reports that since the E. coli outbreak earlier this year at the Florida Strawberry Festival, requests for Pony Party Plus have dried up.

    Pony Party Plus, owned by Jennifer Borg, is a mobile petting zoo - complete with pony rides, goats, chicken, sheep, pigs and rabbits. The reptile portion of her business brings shows to children in the area featuring snakes, frogs, scorpions, alligators and tarantulas.

    The decline in Borg's bookings is similar to other petting farms and mobile zoos. It started after a scare in March, when several people contracted life-threatening kidney infections after visiting petting zoos at fairs across the state. Most tested positive for the E. coli bacteria, becoming ill after touching the animals and not washing their hands properly.

    The business has lost about $7,000 since the outbreak, and Borg doesn't know if things will improve any time soon. It costs between $600 and $800 a month just to feed the animals.

    Bluegrass Fair scraps animal exhibits

    The Herald-Leader reports that outbreaks of E. coli infection, from handling petting zoo animals at festivals and fairs around the nation, has prompted Lexington Lions Club Bluegrass Fair organizers to skip its popular live farm animal display and petting zoo.

    Last winter, more than 26 people were infected with E. coli after handling petting zoo animals at three Central Florida fairs. The illnesses were traced back to animals from a traveling petting zoo. The North Carolina State Fair last fall also had a petting-zoo-related outbreak - 112 people were sickened with diarrhea and 15 of them developed a life-threatening complication of E. coli infection that causes kidneys to shut down.

    Though they have had a petting zoo in the past, the Kentucky State Fair will also not be having one this year.

    "Animals wallow around in feces," said Christine Atkinson, an environmental health supervisor at the Lexington-Fayette County Health Department. "Then kids touch the animals, kids stick their fingers in their mouths -- and the fun begins." Contact with animals is a rarer cause of E. coli infection -- such illness is more often caused by fecal contamination of undercooked ground beef or by ingesting human feces, resulting from a lack of handwashing after using the bathroom.
    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is advising animal exhibit operators to provide sinks with running water, soap, towels, and signs and staff directing people to wash their hands. Waterless hand sanitizer products are not preferable to handwashing, but is probably better than nothing. They also said that food, beverages, smoking, pacifiers, baby bottles and sippy cups should not be allowed near an animal exhibit.

    More than 25 outbreaks have been linked to animal exhibits between 1990 and 2000 nationwide.

    E. coli: The Good, The Bad, The Resistant

    According to this month's Ontario Pork Newsletter, Patrick Boerlin, Department of Pathobiology professor at the University of Guelph, is collaborating with researchers at the University of Guelph and the Public Health Agency of Canada to understand and lesson antibiotic resistance in bacteria using a genetic approach.

    Specifically, Boerlin and his collaborators are identifying and locating the bacterial genes responsible for disease and antibiotic resistance in two forms of E. coli bacteria - one good, one bad.

    The bad form, pathogenic E. coli, can cause disease. The good form, known as commensal E. coli, isn't a direct threat - but it can aid in spreading antibiotic resistance genes to harmful bacteria. Because the two forms of E. coli can readily exchange genes for antibiotic resistance between one another, resistance in good E. coli may still increase antibiotic resistance levels in both bacteria types.

    Knowing more about the linkage between genes will help researchers develop and select appropriate antibiotics for treatment - that is, antibiotics that effectively destroy these virulent bacteria without causing resistant strains.

    Keeping a close eye on animal health

    Animals are always a big draw at fairs, both for sale, show, and petting - and so their health and safety is a big concern.

    Animals are checked for a variety of diseases and conditions, including ringworm, contagious warts, respiratory disease and general illnesses. Dr. John Been, the Sauk County Fair's head veterinarian, said with all the variety and number of animals, it's important to make sure all are healthy from the start and stay that way.

    Some diseases can be spread through the air, or though nose contact or passage of fluids, so Been said it is helpful the fair has enough facilities to avoid overcrowding of animals.

    Last year's swine erysipelas detection and subsequent mass quarantine was an example of fair organizers being safe instead of sorry, said Been.

    Been and his staff will also be on the lookout for other diseases that can be passed to humans, though, including salmonella and cryptosporidium. "We watch for these especially because they can cause intestinal problems in humans," Been said.

    Health department cracking down on meat vendors at farmers market

    Seth Slabaugh of the Muncie Gannett reports that The Delaware County Health Department wants to prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness - but their crackdown on how local vendors handle their food might cause a few of them to stop selling their wares at the Minnetrista Farmers' Market.

    "The health department is just doing their job," said Tari Lambert, director of marketing and merchandising at Minnetrista. "They're doing it not to be mean, but to keep us as safe as possible."
    Meat, for instance, must be kept in a freezer that a vendor could plug in at Minnetrista. Or, he would be required to have the freezer at his home inspected by the Wells County Health Department and the freezer at his farm inspected by the Blackford County Health Department. Coolers of ice are not acceptable.

    In addition, vendors who sell baked goods at Minnetrista must prepare their food in approved kitchens subject to inspection, such as church kitchens. Baked goods cannot be prepared in people's homes and sold to the public.

    "We don't want food that is sold to the public to be coming from my house or your house or someone else's house. It has to come from an approved facility open to the public and subject to inspection," says Bob Jones, administrator of the Delaware County Health Department. "Home use of a freezer is not acceptable. We don't go into someone's home to do an inspection. By statute, rules and ordinance, you can't sell out of a home."
    There is also now a $55 permit that vendors must obtain in order to sell foods that require inspection.

    Vendors are looking at other farmers' markets to see if regulations might be different elsewhere.

    E. coli temporarily clears Oak Creek

    Larson Newspapers reports that Slide Rock State Park officials cleared visitors from the waters of Oak Creek during the Fourth of July weekend due to high readings of E. coli 0157:H7.

    E. coli is a bacteria that can cause severe intestinal illness. Infection can occur from consuming contaminated foods or liquids, or by swimming in sewage-contaminated water, and an infected human can also pass the disease if hygiene or handwashing is inadequate.

    It is not unusual for E. coli levels to rise in Oak Creek and other water in the area this time of year. Possible sources of contamination include wild and domestic animals waste. In addition, residences and businesses along the creek may have contributed, since the majority of septic tanks for summer homes between the confluence of West Fork Creek and Sedona are within 60 meters of the Oak Creek Channel.

    Animal health officials prepare for county fair season

    For fair managers, livestock exhibitors, animal health officials, and the public, this is the time of year to prevent such problems as E. coli O157, vesicular stomatitis or any other disease-related issues that may threaten the fun associated with going to the fair.

    One way to keep fairs safe is to keep animals healthy. A certificate of veterinary inspection and an Oregon import permit are mandatory for all animals coming in from other states. Fair managers can and should double check the paperwork to ensure each animal is legally cleared to be in Oregon. Animals entering the fair are also routinely checked by on-site veterinarians who will report and treat sick livestock.

    The animal-to-human disease issue is E. coli O157, which caused dozens of illnesses at the Lane County Fair in 2002. This year, there will be more handwashing stations to keeping food away from areas where livestock is kept.

    Oregon Department of Agriculture reports that:

    "At this year's fairs, look for more signs encouraging people to enjoy the animals safely and to thoroughly wash hands after interacting with animals," said John McCulley, executive secretary of the Oregon Fairs Association. "Fairs will provide handwashing stations to help fairgoers. However, people attending fairs should not eat or drink in the livestock barns. That goes for the exhibitors too. Small children should be carefully watched around animals so that their hands are washed immediately after visiting the petting zoo or seeing animals in the barns. It's a good idea to just look at the animals and not touch them. More and more fairs are also using cleansers to disinfect pens and walkways."

    "Animals are one of the most popular attractions at a fair," he continued. "The advice to Oregonians is simple: Go to the fair, enjoy the animal exhibits, ask questions of those tending the livestock, and use common sense about the need for minimizing exposure to germs. That means following mom's advice: 'Always wash your hands.'"

    Small meat-producers seek to opt-out of USDA regulations

    Angela Eckhardt of the Capital Press reports that across the nation, it has become more and more difficult for small farmers to access restaurants and grocery stores, especially if they produce meat, fish or dairy. With federal legislation requiring meat to be processed through USDA-licensed processing facilties, shipping products to and from those facilities is not cost-effective.

    At present, there is nothing in place that allow for smaller ranchers to process their meats locally like they do in England. Here, in the United States, if meat is not processed at a USDA-licensed facility, it cannot be sold.

    The problem with the requirement of only processing meat at larger, industrial-sized facilities is that when there is an E. coli outbreak, for instance, the problem and subsequent recall of the product is massive. So are the number of infected consumers and hospital bills.

    Ranchers in Wallowa County, Oregon, have been meeting to discuss having a local USDA-licensed processing facility. Unfortunately, it is no cheap nor easy task to accomplish.

    But a move towards more localized licensed facilities would allow for quicker, closer inspection should an outbreak occur, which would minimize risk for consumers. Not only would consumers and retail outlets know exactly where the meat came from, but producers and processors would also have a strong incentive to protect their reputations with quality commitments.

    Fund set up to help mother, recovering sons

    The Daytona Beach News-Journal reports that a family nearly evicted as a result of unforeseen medical expenses prompted by an E. coli infection now has a bank fund set up to help with their costs.

    The Port Orange chapter of the global Friendship Force, affiliated with chapters in 60 countries around the world, started a fund to help Kimberley Kleinschmidt, a single mother whose two sons are now home recovering from the E. coli outbreak. Kleinschmidt has been out of work for weeks, tending to her children. The fund has been started at the Fifth Third Bank with $100.

    Medicaid paid for the boys' hospitalizations. But living expenses have been piling up for the single mother of three who has a daughter, Cynthia, 7.

    An anonymous donor also came forward and paid the family's back rent until Aug. 1. A local business paid for August's rent.

    Not All Inflammation in the Right Lower Quadrant Is Appendicitis

    As E. coli O157:H7 can present with signs and symptoms often ascribed to the acute abdomen, it is imperative that doctors are all familiar with this infection and its clinical ramifications.

    Originally described in 1983, E. coli O157:H7 is now recognized as a common cause of bloody and nonbloody diarrhea and is responsible for most cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children in North America. In the United States alone, E. coli O157:H7 is believed to cause more than 20,000 infections and approximately 250 deaths each year.

    Ingestion of undercooked bovine meat such as hamburger patties has been responsible for many of the large outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7, but other modes of transmission have been reported as well. Infection from pork, chicken, steak, unpasteurized milk, yogurt, vegetables from manured gardens, apple cider, and municipal drinking water have occurred. Sporadic cases have also been attributed to swimming in contaminated lakes, and person-to-person transfers have also been documented in child-care centers, nursing homes, and between family members in the home.

    The range of symptoms are broad, often making diagnosis difficult. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with nonbloody diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombocytopenia purpura, seizure, coma, or death. Typically, patients experience crampy abdominal pain and diarrhea, which becomes bloody after 48 hours, and some may have nausea, vomiting, and low-grade fever.

    No specific therapy has been proved effective in the treatment of E. coli O157:H7 colitis. Management of HUS includes meticulous attention to fluid balance and electrolyte replacement. Quite often, transfusion of blood products and plasmapheresis is required.

    When seeing the patient in consultation, as always, obtaining a thorough history and physical at the time of presentation is of paramount importance. Early suspicion of E. coli O157:H7 infection should lead to more rapid diagnosis, improved hospital courses, and decreased long-term morbidity and mortality.

    Summer food safety tips

    While it's a pleasure to cook and eat outside during warm-weather months, the risks for contracting food-borne illnesses are higher when you prepare and serve a meal out of doors. There are several ways to make sure you don't unwittingly infect yourself and your guests with dangerous illnesses like salmonella, E. coli and campylobacter.

    First, wash your hands with soap and running water before preparing, serving or eating any food. People often skip this step when eating outside because running water isn't readily available.

    Secondly, handle raw meat and poultry safely. Make sure the raw meat and poultry or their juices don't come in contact with any raw fruits or vegetables that are on the menu. It's also important to not re-contaminate the cooked meat or poultry by putting it back on the dish that held it when it was raw, since bacteria could still be living there.

    Thirdly, cook meat and poultry properly. Use a food thermometer that reads the meat or poultry's internal temperature. The USDA recommends that chicken breasts be cooked to 170 degrees, hamburgers to 160 degrees, and steaks to 145 degrees.

    Finally, protect your salads by thoroughly washing fresh fruits and vegetables under running water to remove all dirt and visible contamination. Cut away bruised or damaged parts, which are great spots for bacteria to thrive. Once you have cleaned and cut up the produce, keep it cool until you are ready to serve it. Even fresh fruit and veggies can grow harmful bacteria like salmonella when sitting outdoors in warm temperatures.

    These days, people don't make their own mayonnaise with raw eggs, instead using a store-bought product made with pasteurized eggs and an acid, like vinegar, when making things like potato salad. Though this keeps unsafe bacteria at bay, it's still important to keep dishes made with mayo cold.

    To make sure your summer gatherings stay fun, follow this rule of thumb: keep your cold foods cold and your hot foods hot, and your guests will go away happy and healthy.

    William D. Marler, Food Poisoning Attorney - Lawyer

    William D. Marler, an attorney at Marler Clark LLP PS has extensive experience representing victims of bacterial and viral food poisonings. Since 1993, Marler Clark has represented victims of most of the largest foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, including the 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli, 1998 Odwalla E. coli, 1999 Sun Orchard Salmonella, 2002 ConAgra E. coli and Chili's Salmonella outbreaks, the 2003 Chi Chi's Hepatitis A outbreak, and the 2004 Sheetz Salmonella outbreak.

    Bill feels that a lawyer should do more than just sue corporations. That is why he speaks frequently on issues of safe food and formed Outbreak, Inc., a not-for-profit business dedicated to explaining to companies why it is in their interest to avoid food illness litigation. Bill also has created Marler Blog as a way of updating the Web on issues of interest to him.

    Legislators Approve Tougher Petting Zoo Regulations

    Two-year-old Aedin Gray was among the 43 people contracted E. coli at a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair last October. The Carrboro toddler spent 36 days in the hospital, sustained permanent damage to her kidneys and pancreas and now wears an insulin pump to handle the diabetes she has since developed.

    Aedin was recognized by the General Assembly as lawmakers gave final approval to what has become known as "Aedin's Law".

    The law requires petting zoos to obtain permits and undergo inspections. Hand-washing facilities will also be mandated at petting zoos under the new regulations. The North Carolina Department of Agriculture will hire two inspectors specifically to oversee petting zoos.

    Kyle and Liz Gray, Aedin's parents, said they hope the legislation will prevent other children from going through the same trauma their daughter endured.

    Don't let the food poisoning bug get you

    Many people turn to cranking up the grill outside during warmer months, which is also when most food poisoning cases happen. Warmer weather is the perfect environment for bacteria in food to multiply rapidly so it's very important to take those extra precautions for safe food handling during this time, especially when you're preparing perishable foods such as meat, poultry, seafood and egg products, and salads that contain mayonnaise.

    Below are some great tips that will help keep your outdoor feasts safe this summer:

    • Wash your hands with hot, soapy water before and after handling food.

    • When shopping, buy cold food like meat and poultry last

    • Completely defrost meat and poultry before grilling so it cooks more evenly. Use the refrigerator for slow, safe thawing or thaw sealed packages in running water. Only defrost in the microwave if the food will be used immediately on the grill.

    • When marinating for long periods of time, it is important to keep foods refrigerated. Don't use sauce that was used to marinate raw meat or poultry on cooked food. Boil used marinade before applying to cooked food.

    • Be sure there are plenty of clean utensils and platters. To prevent food borne illness, don't use the same plate and utensils for raw and cooked meat and poultry.

    • Use a meat thermometer to ensure that food reaches a safe internal temperature. Hamburgers should be cooked to 160F, whole large cuts of beef such as roasts and steaks may be cooked to 145F for medium rare, or to 160F for medium. Cook ground poultry to 165F and poultry parts to 170F. Fish should be opaque and flake easily.

    • When carrying food to another location, keep it cold to minimize bacterial growth. Use an insulated cooler with sufficient ice or ice packs to keep the food at 40F or below. Pack food right from the refrigerator to the cooler immediately before leaving home. Keep the cooler in the coolest part of the car.

    • Refrigerate any leftovers promptly in shallow containers. Discard any food that is left out more than two hours (one hour if the temperatures are above 90F).

    William D. Marler, E. coli Lawyer

    William Marler is the managing partner in the law firm Marler Clark L.L.P., P.S. Since 1993, Mr. Marler has represented thousands of victims of E. coli, Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Listeria, Shigella, Campylobacter and Norwalk Virus illnesses in over thirty States. As a trial lawyer, Mr. Marler has been involved with several cases of national importance. He represented the children murdered by Wesley Alan Dodd, an escaped Washington State convict; the family of William Louth, who died when a crane collapsed during Kingdome roof repairs; the Terlicker family in its suit against Martin Pang and the City of Seattle stemming from an arson fire; and Brianne Kiner in her $15.6 million E. coli settlement with Jack-in-the-Box. This settlement created a state record for an individual personal injury action. Mr. Marler resolved several other Jack-in-the-Box E. coli cases for more than $2.5 million each.

    In May of 1998, he settled the Odwalla Juice E. coli outbreak for the families of children who were severely injured after consuming Odwalla apple juice for $12 million. He represented several children in an E. coli outbreak stemming from E. coli contaminated swimming pool water in Georgia. In 2001 he successfully tried to verdict an E. coli case involving a school lunch program in Washington State. The jury returned a verdict of $4.75 million. He also resolved dozens of E. coli cases in 2003 related to one of the largest meat recalls in United States. Mr. Marler recently settled an E. coli case for a young girl for $11 million.

    Continue Reading...

    Lawmakers approve bill to make N.C. petting zoos safer

    The Associated Press reports that "Aedin's Law," a bill to set stricter sanitation requirements for petting zoos, awaits North Carolina Governor Mike Easley's signature after winning final approval by the Legislature.

    The legislation was prompted by an E. coli outbreak that struck 108 visitors to petting zoos at the North Carolina State Fair last fall.

    The law will require petting zoo operators to be inspected and obtain a permit from the state Agriculture Department. It also allows the department to set rules regarding animal care, hand-washing facilities, signs warning the public of health and safety issues, and any other requirements to protect visitors from potential harm.

    The bill is called "Aedin's Law" in honor of 2-year-old Aedin Gray of Orlando, Fla., one of 15 children whose exposure led to HUS, a life-threatening kidney ailment.

    E. coli O157:H7

    An estimated 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths occur in the United States each year from E. coli O157:H7.

    Most illness has been associated with eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. Infection can also occur after drinking raw milk and after swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water, as well as through person-to-person contact.

    Consumers can prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection by thoroughly cooking ground beef, avoiding unpasteurized milk, and washing hands carefully.

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have answered a few of the most frequently asked questions regarding E. coli:

    What illness does E. coli O157:H7 cause?

    E. coli O157:H7 infection often causes severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps; sometimes the infection causes nonbloody diarrhea or no symptoms. Usually little or no fever is present, and the illness resolves in 5 to 10 days.

    In some persons, particularly children under 5 years of age and the elderly, the infection can also cause a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. About 2%-7% of infections lead to this complication. In the United States, hemolytic uremic syndrome is the principal cause of acute kidney failure in children, and most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome are caused by E. coli O157:H7.

    How is the illness treated?

    Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease, and it is thought that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Antidiarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should also be avoided.

    Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. With intensive care, the death rate for hemolytic uremic syndrome is 3%-5%.

    What are the long-term consequences of infection?

    Persons who only have diarrhea usually recover completely. However, about one-third of persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome have abnormal kidney function many years later, and a few require long-term dialysis. Another 8% of persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome have other lifelong complications, such as high blood pressure, seizures, blindness, paralysis, and the effects of having part of their bowel removed.

    What can you do to prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection?

    • Cook all ground beef and hamburger thoroughly. Because ground beef can turn brown before disease-causing bacteria are killed, use a digital instant-read meat thermometer to ensure thorough cooking. Ground beef should be cooked until a thermometer inserted into several parts of the patty, including the thickest part, reads at least 160F. Persons who cook ground beef without using a thermometer can decrease their risk of illness by not eating ground beef patties that are still pink in the middle.

    • If you are served an undercooked hamburger or other ground beef product in a restaurant, send it back for further cooking. You may want to ask for a new bun and a clean plate, too.

    • Avoid spreading harmful bacteria in your kitchen. Keep raw meat separate from ready-to-eat foods. Wash hands, counters, and utensils with hot soapy water after they touch raw meat. Never place cooked hamburgers or ground beef on the unwashed plate that held raw patties. Wash meat thermometers in between tests of patties that require further cooking.

    • Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, or cider. Commercial juice with an extended shelf-life that is sold at room temperature (e.g. juice in cardboard boxes, vacuum sealed juice in glass containers) has been pasteurized, although this is generally not indicated on the label. Juice concentrates are also heated sufficiently to kill pathogens.

    • Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, especially those that will not be cooked. Children under 5 years of age, immunocompromised persons, and the elderly should avoid eating alfalfa sprouts until their safety can be assured. Methods to decontaminate alfalfa seeds and sprouts are being investigated.

    • Drink municipal water that has been treated with chlorine or other effective disinfectants.

    • Avoid swallowing lake or pool water while swimming.

    • Make sure that persons with diarrhea, especially children, wash their hands carefully with soap after bowel movements to reduce the risk of spreading infection, and that persons wash hands after changing soiled diapers. Anyone with a diarrheal illness should avoid swimming in public pools or lakes, sharing baths with others, and preparing food for others.

    You can't judge a burger by its color

    Use a food thermometer to make sure food is safe.

    Most people think they can check the doneness of burgers, pork chops and chicken breasts just by "eyeballing it." They look at it and judge the doneness by its appearance. They trust their experience. Experience is good, but it might be misleading.

    According to a recent USDA study, one out of every four hamburgers turns brown in the middle before it has reached a safe internal temperature.

    Eating undercooked meats or poultry increases the risk of food-borne illness. Many pathogens live naturally in the intestinal tracts of food animals.

    Surveys of meat sold in retail food stores indicate that between one-fourth and three-fourths of all meat and poultry cuts sold in 1999 might have been contaminated with food-borne pathogens.

    Bacteria most commonly associated with undercooked meats are campylobacter, salmonella and E. coli O157:H7.

    Continue Reading...

    A Taste of Food Poisoning

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are 76 million cases of food-borne illness a year in the United States. The problem sends nearly 325,000 people a year to the hospital; 5,000 a year die from it. The young, the old and the immune-compromised are hit hardest.

    One of the main reasons for this is that many sick people don't seek attention, resulting in most food-borne infections going undiagnosed and unreported. Of those who do, many are not tested. In the case of salmonellosis, the CDC estimates that 38 cases occur for every one that's actually reported.

    Of those that are admitted to hospitals, stool cultures are rarely taken due to the length of time - a few days - that it takes for results to come back. By then the patient has usually been released - unfortunate, because stool cultures are the standard diagnostic test for food-borne illness.

    In addition, many doctors try to quickly diagnose the symptoms as appendicitis or a gastrointestinal virus, rather than take the steps to guarantee that it isn't a food-borne illness.

    Although infections caused by E. coli O157:H7, campylobacter, cryptosporidium, listeria and yersinia have declined, salmonella infections have showed the smallest declines. Of 15,806 laboratory-diagnosed cases of food-borne, more cases were from salmonella than any other pathogen.

    Bill Strengthens Meat and Poultry Safety Rules

    Wisconsin Ag News reports that Wisconsin Senators Herb Kohl and Russ Feingold joined Sen. Tom Harkin of Iowa in co-sponsoring legislation to strengthen rules against microbial pathogens in meat and poultry.

    "Kevin's Law" was named after Kevin Kowalcyk of Mount Horeb, who died in 2001 at the age of two from E. coli infection.

    "Kevin's Law" would give the U.S. Department of Agriculture the authority to enforce basic safety and sanitation standards in the production of meat and poultry. These rules, called Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, are critical to ensuring that microbial pathogens are kept out of meat and poultry sold to consumers in restaurants and on grocery store shelves.

    Ground Beef Still the Main Source

    A new review by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta shows that ground beef continues to be the main consumed food contaminated by E. coli.

    Approximately 52 percent of all E. coli outbreaks during the 20-year period were caused by food sources, and of these, 41 per cent resulted from ground beef, by far the largest single food source. Many stemmed from home-prepared meals, where ndercooked ground beef, as well as uncooked raw vegetables, have been implicated in several outbreaks.

    Although the median size of E. coli outbreaks has declined over the 20-year period, a newly recognised transmission route has emerged in the form of direct live animal contact with humans.

    Free Handwashing Signs for Community Petting Zoos

    The Allegheny County Health Department is offering free signs to community fairs and festivals that have petting zoos with farm animals, to encourage visitors to wash their hands after visiting such exhibits.

    "Petting zoos and farm animal exhibits are a tradition at many community events every summer and can be a lot of fun and very educational, but children and adults alike should always remember to wash their hands after having contact with the animals," said County Health Director Dr. Bruce W. Dixon.
    Health officials suggest these tips on how to enjoy petting zoos without contracting diseases that animals can sometimes carry, such as E. coli, Salmonella and a number of other infections:

    • Don't kiss the animals and limit your contact with them and the surroundings, such as fencing, stalls and gates, because manure may be present on their body and in their environment.
    • Supervise young children and advise them to keep their hands out of their mouths.
    • Don't take food or drink into the animal area.
    • Wash your hands as soon as you exit the animal area, and help young children wash their hands properly. Washing with soap and warm water is best; use antibacterial towelettes or lotion if handwashing facilities are not available.
    • Clean your shoes when you return home and after doing so wash your hands.
    • Call your doctor if you or your children get sick with stomach cramps, vomiting or diarrhea within a week of visiting a petting zoo. Tell the doctor you were around farm animals.

    E. coli still concern at petting zoos

    School's out, and summer vacations being planned. If there are little ones in your household, the probability of visiting fairs, zoos, theme parks or child-oriented special events are probably high on your list -- including a petting zoo. Despite the recent cases of E. coli outbreaks at petting zoos, there's no need to panic if you arm yourself with some facts and err on the side of caution.

    When children touch animals, or touch something that has been in contact with animals, they become vulnerable to infection. They are also vulnerable when they come in contact with others, since the offending bacteria can be passed from person to person.

    To help prevent E. coli infection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has outlined their recommendations:

    • Clean hands after visiting petting zoos or touching objects animals have been in contact. Washing hands is best, but hand sanitizers can be rubbed on hands to destroy germs. Tote-along size containers of hand sanitizers are readily available at supermarkets and discount stores.

    • Always clean hands before touching food. Do not bring food or beverages into areas where there is direct contact with animals.

    • Keep children away from the animals' food and water dishes. If you are visiting an indoor area with animals, there should be adequate ventilation.

    • Keep toys, pacifiers, sippy cups, baby bottles, etc. out of the petting zoo area. Avoid thumb sucking or otherwise putting hands into mouths until they are sanitized.

    Canadian food companies escape food poisoning litigation; because of Medicare, lawyer says suits are not lucrative enough to attract lawyers

    Today's Ontario Farmer reports that Canadian food poisonings lawsuits are every bit as spectacular as the U.S. cases. The largest in Canadian history involved lunchmate products from Schneider Corp., and there is an ongoing lawsuit between Schneiders and cheese supplier Parmalat.

    From the article:

    However, U.S. lawyer Bill Marler of Seattle, Washington, has said even though Canadian lawyers might file class-action lawsuits, but there won't be much money for the victims, since Medicare has spared Canadian food companies from multi-million-dollar lawsuits when their products poison consumers.

    Marler talked about the lack of legal action in Canada in response to a question about the recent food poisonings of dozens of people who ate at a cafeteria at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton.

    Marler was further cited as saying that the publicity surrounding the cases he has brought to trial in the United States has probably done more to improve food safety than the multi-million-dollar penalties companies face, since jury awards such as the $25 million settlement made by ConAgra to consumers poisoned by E. coli O157:H7 are often covered by insurance.

    Fortunately, he said, the incidence of E. coli 0157:H7 has declined significantly in meats since the high-profile lawsuits, but there is a rising tide of cases involving sprouts and fresh fruits and vegetables as well as those cases involving salmonella.


    Wash to Stay Healthy

    After handling or petting animals, whether it be at the zoo, the fair, or a rodeo, the most important thing to do is wash your hands.

    "Animals carry certain germs or bacteria and those bacteria, if you don't wash your hands can make you sick," says Mike Reas, Environmental Health Supervisor, adding that "the two main ones are E. Coli and salmonella."
    Washing your hands at the zoo is simple. Hand-washing stations are usually right inside the petting zoo. After petting animals, kids need to know that they need to wash their hands.

    Infectious bacteria in animals closes Children's Zoo

    The Blade News reports that the Children's Zoo at the Toledo Zoo was shut down yesterday following the discovery of an infectious bacteria in several of its animals.

    Two baby calves sharing the same stall tested positive during routine testing for a bacteria known as Campylobacter, a common cause of gastrointestinal illness. A sow that had just given birth in an adjacent stall also tested positive. Campylobacter was found in fecal matter collected from a group of about a half-dozen sheep in the children's zoo petting area.

    Zoo officials said none of the other animals showed signs of sickness, and there were no reports of patrons who have become ill.

    The children's zoo's animals are loaned to the zoo by area farmers and institutions for the summer. The zoo's calves and pigs arrived in May from several area farmers, while the sheep arrived in May from the University of Findlay.

    The children's zoo was shut down an hour before closing yesterday and will be closed for the entire weekend while animal care staff assess the situation and decide on a long-term solution to the problem.. Zoo officials said last night that the petting portion of the children's facility could remain closed for the rest of the summer.

    Petting precautions

    ''Wash your hands, guys,'' said Mike Lindsey, stopping some students who had wiped their hands on their pants after feeding some goats, the Detroit Free Press reports. Lindsey was helping to supervise the Crouse Elementary School class visiting the Akron Zoo.

    ''I've heard about the scare of E. coli at (petting zoos),'' Lindsey said, ''and the importance of washing your hands.''

    A recent federal study covering 1990 to 2000 blamed petting zoos and fairs in more than two dozen outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 - usually referred to as E. coli - which can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and in about 2 percent to 7 percent of cases, life-threatening kidney complications.

    The main recommendation is a simple one - wash your hands. The CDC suggests that you scrub your hands vigorously with soap and water (preferably hot water) for at least 20 seconds.

    Making sure meat is safe

    The 2002 ConAgra recall was one of this nation's largest beef recalls. Tainted meat was linked to the sickening of dozens of people through E. coli infection.

    Marler Clark represented many who ate tainted beef in 2002. As I told the Associated Press today:

    "I think that the ConAgra E. coli outbreak was a major tipping point in the meat industry and their commitment to dealing with E. coli."

    The timeline leading to the recall was as follows:

    • January 2002 -- Ground beef from Montana Quality Foods in Miles City, Mont., tests positive for E. coli. Operator John Munsell recalls 270 pounds of meat.

    • February 2002 -- Additional beef samples return positive for E. coli. Munsell claims the tainted meat originated from ConAgra Beef Co., a supplier.

    • Mid-June 2002 -- Dozens of people in 16 states ate ConAgra beef and fell ill from E. coli infection, according to a report from the Office of Inspector General. Federal Food Safety and Inspection Service testing found E. coli at a Colorado meat grinder, but later testing indicated the contamination source as beef from a ConAgra plant in Greeley, Colo.

    • Late June 2002 -- ConAgra Beef Co. issues a recall of 354,200 pounds of ground beef products for possible contamination of E. coli.

    • July 2002 -- ConAgra issues a recall for 19 million pounds of beef trim and ground beef products for possible E. coli contamination, after a review by FSIS.

    • January 2003 -- National Cattlemen's Beef Association hosts an industry-wide summit to look at the issue of E. coli and ways to address potential contamination.

    FSIS has enacted numerous changes since the E. coli outbreak, including improved training for inspectors and requiring greater accountability from supervisors. Plants that do their own testing are no longer exempt from agency testing, and FSIS is moving toward increased testing at higher-volume facilities.

    Fred Angulo with the Centers for Disease Control and Protection believes that the meat processing industry is doing something right. He cites data showing a 42 percent drop in E. coli incidence between 1996 and 2004, including what he called "remarkable declines" in the past two years.

    "All indications we have are the beef industry made remarkable investments in their processing plants to contribute to this decline," he said told the Associated Press.

    Meat safety still a hot-button issue

    The Associated Press reports that small meat processing plants feel the pressure from USDA inspections far more than their larger corporate counterparts, as John Munsell of Montana Quality Foods and Tom Osterloh of Galligan Wholesale Meat Company learned.

    Both plants tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 from processing meat products originally provided by ConAgra in 2002. However, both processors feel that the USDA failed to follow up on their claims to check the large meatpacker that sent the meat to them.

    Months later, ConAgra was involved in one of the nation's largest beef recalls - 18 million pounds. Tainted meat from ConAgra was linked to dozens of infected people.

    In 2003, the Office of Inspector General faulted ConAgra and the Federal Food Safety and Inspection Service, saying the agency took no "decisive" action.

    The ConAgra outbreak was a major tipping point for the meat industry and its commitment to dealing with E. coli, said Bill Marler, an attorney who's handled e. coli cases and represented many who ate tainted beef in 2002. Steven Cohen, an FSIS spokesman, said the agency has enacted numerous changes since the outbreak, including improved training for inspectors and requiring greater accountability from supervisors. Plants that do their own testing are no longer exempt from agency testing, and FSIS is moving toward increased testing at higher-volume facilities.

    Fred Angulo, a veterinarian with the CDC, believes industry is doing something right. He cites data showing a 42 percent drop in E. coli incidence between 1996 and 2004, including what he called remarkable declines in the past two years.

    FDA looks at sprouts for food-borne illness

    The Wall Street Journal reports that the FDA says developing stricter safety standards for sprouts -- which include mung, alfalfa, clover, broccoli and radish seedlings -- is a top priority to reduce diseases rising from E. coli and salmonella contamination.

    Despite being high in fiber and free of fat, fresh sprouts were flagged in the government's two latest dietary guidelines as a health risk tantamount to undercooked beef or eggs. Food researchers say a contaminated sprout can contain millions of bacteria. A tainted chicken carcass, in contrast, usually contains around 100.

    Since 1996, raw or slightly cooked sprouts have caused around 1,636 cases of illness, or 40% of all food-borne illness linked to produce. In 1999, after the number of illnesses linked to sprouts spiked, the FDA urged producers to chlorinate seeds before they sprout.

    However, chlorination has proved irritating to the skins and respiratory tracts of sprout producers, according to Bob Sanderson, head of the International Sprout Growers Association. He hopes that the FDA will define a standard, but leave it up to the sprouting industry to use its own methods to meet that standard.

    Color coded pathogens offer safer food formulation

    A Cornell University research group has created a system in which food pathogens can be tagged with "nanobarcodes" that fluoresce under UV light that can then be read by a computer scanner or fluorescent light microscope.

    "We wanted something that could be done with inexpensive, readily available equipment," said Dan Luo, Cornell University assistant professor of biological engineering.
    The researchers have already tested the system using samples containing various combinations of E. coli and tularemia bacteria, and have found the color codes could clearly distinguish several different pathogens simultaneously.

    Food safety and the development of early warning systems is a growing area of study, given the emphasis on food safety and the perceived threat of terrorism.

    Recent US government safety figures show that these developments in the field of nanotechnology are making food safer. From 1996 to 2004, the incidence of E. coli O157 infections decreased 42 percent, campylobacter infections fell 31 percent, cryptosporidium dropped 40 percent, and yersinia decreased 45 percent.

    Germs lurk when cooking outdoors

    Before you fire up the grill this summer, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns about dangerous food-borne diseases that can be transmitted by the consumption of improperly prepared foods.

    An estimated 76 million cases of food-borne disease occur each year in the United States. The CDC estimates that there are 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths related to these diseases each year.

    In general, refrigeration or freezing prevents virtually all bacteria from growing. Microbes are killed by heat. If food is heated to an internal temperature above 160 degrees for even a few seconds, this is enough to kill almost parasites, viruses or bacteria.

    In the kitchen or on the picnic table, microbes can be transferred from one food to another food by using the same knife, cutting board or other utensils to prepare both without washing the surface or utensil in between. A food that is fully cooked can become re-contaminated if it touches other raw foods or drippings from raw foods that contain pathogens.

    Even lightly contaminated food, such as potato salad made with mayonnaise, left out on a warm summer day can become highly infectious in a matter of hours. If the food were refrigerated promptly, the bacteria would not multiply at all.

    Here are some tips from the Partnership for Food Safety Education:

    • Always wash your hands with hot, soapy water before and after handling food.

    • When marinating, keep foods refrigerated. Don't use sauces that were used to marinate raw meat or poultry on cooked food. Boil used marinades before applying to cooked food.

    • When grilling foods, preheat the coals on your grill for 20 to 30 minutes, or until the coals are lightly coated with ash.

    • Use a meat thermometer to ensure that food reaches a safe internal temperature. Hamburgers should be cooked to 160 degrees, while roasts and steaks may be cooked to 145 for medium rare or to 160 for medium. Cook ground poultry to 165 degrees and chicken breasts to 170. Fish should be opaque and flake easily.

    • When taking foods off the grill, do not put cooked food items back on the same plate that previously held raw food.

    • A full cooler will maintain its cold temperatures longer than one that is partially filled, so it is important to pack plenty of extra ice or freezer packs to insure a constant cold temperature.

    Escherichia coli O157:H7 Frequently Asked Questions

    Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging cause of foodborne illness.

    An estimated 10,000 to 20,000 cases of infection occur in the United States each year. Infection often leads to bloody diarrhea, and occasionally to kidney failure. Most illness has been associated with eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. Person-to-person contact in families and child care centers is also an important mode of transmission. Infection can also occur after drinking raw milk and after swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water.

    Consumers can prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection by thoroughly cooking ground beef, avoiding unpasteurized milk, and washing hands carefully. Because the organism lives in the intestines of healthy cattle, preventive measures on cattle farms and during meat processing are being investigated.

    Continue Reading...

    Issues abound, no matter what's on the menu

    A growing market of food shoppers are becoming sensitive to how their food is made.

    Some people talk of how buying some foods undermines the world's rain forests or coastlines. Others campaign to save the American family farm or improve conditions for foreign laborers. Some call for the American system of big farms and companies to get bigger and deliver ever cheaper food.

    Some only shop organic or support only locally grown produce. But on the other hand, international trade has allowed us to have cherries and pineapples in the Midwest in the winter. Although wild salmon may taste better and be healthier due to the lack of contaminants and added antibiotics, open fishing unfortunately can meet only half the global demand.

    The global market gives Americans a variety of food once unimagined. But those who advocate buying locally say such imports reduce the incentive of U.S. farmers to grow produce and encourage them to turn to more subsidized commodity grains.

    But buying from foreign countries is not always the simplest of solutions either. Buy chocolate and you risk supporting Ivory Coast plantations notorious for using child slave labor to grow and harvest cocoa. Drink java, and unless it's shade-grown, you could be accused of encouraging destruction of South American rain forests to make room for your coffee beans.

    In 1997, an outbreak of potentially fatal hepatitis A from frozen strawberries shipped from Mexico sickened 270 persons in five states, 130 Michigan schoolchildren among them. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says imported food is three times more likely than U.S.-grown food to be contaminated with illegal pesticide residues.

    The Environmental Working Group found those chemicals on 18.4 percent of strawberries, 15.6 percent of head lettuce and 12.3 percent of carrots imported from Mexico. Whether that poses a health risk is controversial.

    Hand washing is not enough to prevent E. coli

    While well-intentioned, the Illinois Department of Agriculture's recent hand-washing guidelines simply may not be good enough to protect children from E. coli and other potentially deadly bacteria at petting zoos, particularly since hand washing does nothing to prevent spread of E. coli by inhalation.

    The Animal Welfare Act only requires petting zoos to give certain animals enough room to stand up and turn around. Many petting zoos fail to meet even these minimal standards. Crowded pens increase the possibility of pathogens to enter the air and into human lungs.

    E. coli has also been determined to exist not only on animals at fairs and petting zoos, but also in rafters, on bleachers, on the walls and in sawdust on the floor.

    E. coli bacteria also sickened 82 people at the Lane County Fair in Washington in 2002, and investigators believe that the bacteria was spread through the air inside the goat and sheep barn.

    The Taste of Fear

    People's love-hate relationship with fast food holds a special place in our catalog of food fears. We love fast food, but we're afraid of germs and food contamination. We're afraid of getting fat, so we stop eating for pleasure.

    In addition, people flock to a type of group mentality when it comes to media. Wendy's reportedly lost $2.5 million in the Bay Area following the now infamous story of a severed finger in their chili. The story quickly became fodder for late-night television jokes, playing into a long-running national narrative about the dangers lurking within fast food. Now, even after the accuser's imprisonment and Wendy's distribution of free Frosties to win back customers, there are always going to be lingering feelings of disgust associated with that company.

    Janet Chrzn, a nutritional anthropologist at the University of Pennsylvania, points out that many of our negative perceptions about fast food are largely class based. Fast food in America has come to be associated with the lower classes and minorities, she says.

    Leon Rappoport, professor emeritus of psychology at Kansas State University and the author of How We Eat: Appetite, Culture and the Psychology of Food, says fast food fears are rooted in our mistrust of food service workers - socially "marginal" groups that include teenagers, recent immigrants and the poor.

    "Should we trust our health to very low paid marginal workers, who for all we know may be pissed off or alienated enough to not bother about hand washing and other food safety practices?" he asks rhetorically.

    Although rare, unappetizing foreign bodies do turn up in fast food. A $17.5 million lawsuit stemming from a 9-year-old girl who bit down on a rat head between the buns of her Big Mac is winding through Canadian courts. A few weeks after the Wendy's incident, a man sued the owner of an Arby's restaurant in Ohio, claiming he found a 3/4-inch slice of human skin in his chicken sandwich. And last month a North Carolina man found a severed finger in his frozen custard. In addition to these recent cases, fast food contamination from E. coli, listeria and salmonella and other bacteria is well known.

    As omnivores, humans are compelled to eat a number of different foods. But an omnivorous diet is fraught with danger. Some foods are dangerous. From a biological point of view, it just makes sense to be cautious of what we eat.

    Common-sense measures ease E. coli fears at petting zoos

    This summer, as with every summer, children will be visiting fairs, zoos, theme parks or other child-oriented places such as petting zoos. If you arm yourself with some facts and err on the side of caution, they should be safe from the worries of contracting E. coli and similar pathogenic diseases.

    Not only do children become vulnerable to infection when touching animals, they can then spread the infection to others, since bacteria can be passed from person to person.

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have recommendations to help keep this summer a safe and happy one:

    • Clean hands after visiting petting zoos or touching objects animals have been in contact with. Does the petting zoo have washrooms or sinks nearby or hand sanitizing areas at the exit of the petting area? Hand sanitizers can be rubbed on hands to destroy germs. Tote-along-sized containers of hand sanitizers are readily available at supermarkets and other stores.

    • Always wash hands before touching food. Do not bring food or beverages into areas where there is direct contact with animals.

    • Keep children away from animals' food and water dishes. If you are visiting an indoor area with animals, there should be adequate ventilation.

    • Keep toys, pacifiers, sippy cups, baby bottles and the like out of the petting zoo area. Avoid thumb-sucking or otherwise putting hands into mouths until they are sanitized.

    • Soiled animal bedding, as well as manure droppings, should be removed immediately from the petting zoo area. If you observe these conditions, inform one of the petting zoo workers.

    • Keep a close eye on children and discourage touching objects that the animals have been in contact with such as toys, brushes or feed dishes.

    UCLA awarded more than $6 million for biodefense and infectious disease research

    UCLA has been awarded more than $6 million over four years by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to support research for countering threats from bioterrorism agents and infectious diseases. UCLA will be a major component of the Pacific Southwest Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, a consortium of more than a dozen universities and research institutes in California, Arizona, Nevada and Hawaii.

    "Our hope is to increase fundamental knowledge on bacterial and viral pathogens and help mitigate the bioterrorism threat," said Jeffery F. Miller, professor and chair of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics at UCLA, and the center's associate director for basic research.

    Wash Hands After Contact With Animals To Prevent Disease

    Contact with animals at fairs and petting zoos can be fun, but it also can lead to the transmission of various serious infectious diseases if proper precautions are not taken.

    Children are most susceptible to infection from bacteria and parasites from animals because they are more likely to put their fingers or other objects into their mouths. Since animal fur, hair, skin and saliva can become contaminated with fecal organisms, transmission of disease can occur when persons pets, touch or are licked by animals.

    Proper hand washing can reduce transmission of bacteria and parasites:

    1. Wet hands with running water
    2. Place soap in palms and rub hands together to make a lather
    3. Scrub hands vigorously for 20 seconds
    4. Rinse soap off hands
    5. Dry hands with a disposable towel and use a disposable towel to turn off the water

    Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective against many of the germs that animals can carry, but are not effective against bacterial spores, some parasites and certain viruses.

    The Illinois departments of Agriculture and Public Health have designed five posters with the following precautions that persons should take when having contact with animals:

    • Do not bring pacifiers, food or beverages into animal areas
    • Closely supervise children to avoid touching manure, animal bedding and enclosures
    • Do not put hands to the mouth after petting animals
    • Wash hands after petting animals or touching the animal enclosure
    • Assist young children with hand washing

    The posters have been sent to all 105 county fairs in the state.

    Parents fight for answers on E. coli

    E. coli is nothing to be trifled with, especially when it involves children. A recent E. coli outbreak in an Indiana day care center has prompted questions as to the health and safety of children in their care.

    More than 10 children at the center have tested positive for E. coli, and the parents of those children are frustrated at the lack of information being provided by the Fort Wayne-Allen County Department of Health while their children spend nearly a month in area hospitals.

    They do know, however, that some children at the child-care center had had diarrhea for two weeks before any children came down with E. coli, but that had been attributed to the fact that some of the children were teething. The child-care center accepted children when they were sick, as long as the illness was regarded as "mild".

    At least one child has developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially deadly kidney complication that destroys red blood cells.

    The DOH has refused to identify the child-care center, but has announced that tests have found no evidence of E. coli in either the food or water at the center.

    Investigators suspect at this point that the outbreak was the result of person-to-person contact, but even that has not been confirmed. If it is established that that was the cause, the person who was the source will not be named.

    Avoid bite of nasty bugs

    Last month, petting zoo animals caused an outbreak of 26 E. coli infections at three central Florida fairs. In North Carolina, more than 100 people, mostly children, were infected by E. coli at the state fair last year.

    Two E. coli outbreaks in Pennsylvania and Washington in 2000 led the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to establish recommendations for preventing the disease when people come in contact with animals.

    E. coli O157:H7 can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and in about 2 percent to 7 percent of cases, life-threatening kidney complications.

    In addition to animals at petting zoos, "pocket pets" such as hamsters, mice, reptiles, and amphibians are notorious for carrying a dangerous multidrug-resistant form of salmonella. As many as 70,000 people contract salmonellosis from reptiles in the United States each year.

    To prevent possible infection, the CDC suggests that you scrub your hands vigorously with soap and water (preferably hot water) for at least 20 seconds after contact with animals.

    Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective against many organisms. However, hand sanitizers are not effective against bacterial spores, Cryptosporidium and some viruses. Hand sanitizers are also less effective when hands are visibly dirty.

    In addition, the CDC recommends:

    • Supervise children closely at petting zoos and fairs, making sure to discourage hand-to-mouth contact.
    • Do not take food or beverages, toys, pacifiers, baby bottles or sippy cups into the animal contact areas.
    • Fairs and zoos should limit access to animal areas, with hand-washing stations at the gates and in food concession areas.

    Summer season uncages health risks

    petting zoo ecoli safetyQ: Our family is going to visit the zoo this summer. Do we need to be concerned about touching the animals?

    A: Animals at the zoo or county fairs can carry infectious diseases that cause illness or even death. If hands are not washed after handling animals, bacteria can transfer to food and into the body. Children tend to put their hands in their mouths more than adults, so it is especially important to wash their hands. There have been several outbreaks of illness after handling animals and then consuming food. In 2000, two incidences occurred in Pennsylvania and Washington causing illness due to E.coli infections. Fifty-six children became ill and 19 were hospitalized, all due to direct farm animal contact. Another incident occurred in 2002 at an Oregon county fair. After visiting the sheep and goat exhibits, 82 people became ill. And just this year, more than 20 people became ill after handling animals in Florida petting zoos.

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    Take a few precautions with pocket pets

    It's not just petting zoos that can make kids sick. Some pets are proving risky too.

    Earlier this month, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that "pocket pets" such as hamsters, mice and rats have infected 30 people - mostly children - in 10 states with a dangerous multidrug-resistant form of salmonella, a bacteria that can cause diarrhea, fever and stomach pain.

    Reptiles and amphibians are also notorious for carrying salmonella. About 70,000 people contract salmonellosis from reptiles in the United States each year.

    Baby chicks and ducklings often carry salmonella. Parakeets and parrots can carry the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, which can cause fever, chills, headache, muscle aches and a dry cough.

    The CDC has recommendations on how to choose a "pocket pet":

    • Don't pick one that is quiet, tired, has diarrhea, looks sickly or has discharge from the eyes or nose. The pet should be lively and alert with a glossy coat free of droppings.
    • Unfortunately, the signs for turtles are not as obvious; salmonella occurs naturally in turtles, and those carrying the bacteria usually do not appear sick in any way.
    • Don't choose an animal that is sharing a cage with another animal that has diarrhea or looks sick.

    Should you decide to keep a "pocket pet", the CDC has the following recommendations:

    • Always wash hands after handling pets.
    • Children under 5 years old and people with weak immune systems (such as HIV/AIDS) should avoid contact with reptiles.
    • Don't allow children to kiss pets.
    • Reptiles and amphibians should not be allowed in child-care centers or nursing homes.
    • Do not allow reptiles and amphibians to roam freely throughout a home.
    • Do not allow reptiles and amphibians in the kitchen.
    • Do not use kitchen sinks to clean cages or aquariums.

    Precautions cut food-borne illnesses

    Experts say following a few precautions can keep food poisoning from being an uninvited guest at your summer picnics and cookouts. Food-borne illnesses such as salmonella and E. coli sicken about 76 million Americans a year. The great majority of those cases are mild, but about 5,000 people die every year.

    "This time of year, the most important thing is to make sure the food is kept in the proper temperature range," says John Merkle, food program manager for the Northern Kentucky Health Department.
    Merkle's advice is simple:

    • Refrigerate leftovers quickly
    • Serve foods that need to be kept cold on ice
    • Keep hot foods in chafing dishes
    • Bring food out in small amounts during an event
    • Hamburger should be cooked to 160 degrees, and 170 degrees for chicken breasts

    In addition, the "Fight Bac" campaign advises that :

    • Cooks should wash their hands, cooking utensils and surfaces in hot, soapy water
    • Use separate utensils for raw and cooked foods
    • Keep raw meat, fish and poultry separate from other foods
    • Sauces and marinades used on raw foods should be heated to boiling before they're applied to cooked foods

    Avoid zoo fever

    Tracy Wheeler, Beacon Journal medical writer, reports that recent federal study covering 1990 to 2000 blamed petting zoos and fairs in more than two dozen outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 which can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and in about 2 percent to 7 percent of cases, life-threatening kidney complications.

    The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has established recommendations for preventing the disease when people come in contact with animals:

    • Supervise children closely at petting zoos and fairs, making sure to discourage hand-to-mouth contact.
    • Do not take food or beverages, toys, pacifiers, baby bottles or sippy cups into the animal contact areas.
    • Fairs and zoos should limit access to animal areas, with hand-washing stations at the gates and in food concession areas.

    The CDC suggests that you scrub your hands vigorously with soap and water (preferably hot water) for at least 20 seconds. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective against many organisms, including E. coli, if soap and water are not available. However, hand sanitizers are not effective against bacterial spores, Cryptosporidium and some viruses. Hand sanitizers are also less effective when hands are visibly dirty.

    "It's not rocket science -- if you wash your hands, you're fine,'' said David Barnhardt, the Akron Zoo's marketing director. "It's just a matter of getting them to do that. We certainly can't force them, but we can strongly encourage them to do it. If it's up to the kids, they'll run on to the next thing.''

    As I told the Journal:

    Bill Marler of Marler-Clark says that state legislatures should pass laws requiring hand-washing stations, signs explaining the threat of E. coli and other pathogens and the risk to small children, sanitary walkways and railings, ventilation in buildings to reduce airborne contamination, and a ban of food sales near areas where there is contact with animals. Currently Pennsylvania is the only state to have such laws.

    E. coli requires disclosure

    The Allen County Department of Health has no business shielding the location of a small, local day-care center where nine children have been stricken with a deadly strain of E. coli bacteria.

    The department's interpretation of a state law meant to protect people goes well beyond the reasonable intentions of the statute. The department has offered bits and pieces of information, an approach that has only brought on more questions rather than delivered answers.

    The county health department said Indiana law forbids it to reveal the name and location of the day-care center, as well as the names of the children, according to Mindy Waldron, a department spokesperson. Waldron said the county consulted the Indiana State Department of Health in interpreting the law, which prohibits, except under extreme circumstances, public disclosure of "medical or epidemiological information involving a communicable disease or other disease that is a danger to health."

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    Guidelines affect kids' farm visits

    The Fayetteville (NC) Observer reports that before opening Crystal Pines Alpaca Farm to the public, Joe Picariello - who runs the farm -- said he visited several petting zoos and took classes that helped him establish guidelines for encouraging healthy interaction between people and animals.

    School children visit the farm to see its hundreds of animals, including alpacas, chickens, goats, turkeys and miniature donkeys, sheep and Sofie, the miniature cow, but they cannot cross fences to hold the animals, feed them or sit on the ground.

    Picariello is sticking to the rules announced by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture to encourage healthy interaction between people and animals. Mary Ann McBride, a veterinarian with the department, said the rules were developed as a result of last year's outbreak of E. coli bacteria that got more than 100 people sick after they visited the petting zoo at the N.C. State Fair.

    "We are sympathetic to the families that were affected," McBride said, "and we want to provide an improved environment... We hope to minimize that risk and these guidelines are a key part."
    The guidelines recommend that signs be posted to warn people about the risks of animal contact and that staff members be present at events to promote safety and educate patrons. The rules encourage visitors to reach through fences to pet the animals and not carry food and drinks or strollers and other baby accessories such as bottles and pacifiers into animal areas. The guidelines also urge people to wash their hands after touching animals.

    E. coli infection

    The E. coli bacterium has hundreds of strains or types. Most are harmless, and a couple of pathogenic E. coli strains cause only uncomfortable yet benign symptoms such as diarrhea. However, E. coli O157:H7 causes far more destructive results.

    E. coli O157:H7 inhabits the intestines of healthy cattle, and is therefore present in their feces. Humans get infected when they consume undercooked ground beef that has been contaminated during slaughter, contaminated drinking water and improperly washed contaminated fruits and vegetables.

    Sometimes, the diarrhea is mild and the illness resolves, but often it turns bloody and is accompanied by abdominal cramps and low grade fever. About two to seven percent of people who get infected develop life-threatening complications. The most common of these complications is hemolytic uremic syndrome, a condition marked by destruction of red blood cells and kidney failure. HUS often affects the nervous system and causes seizures and coma. It is estimated that at present, 73,000 cases of the infection that result in 61 deaths occur annually in the United States.

    Antibiotics are not routinely used in the treatment of E. coli O157:H7 infection, because, according to some experts, they may even precipitate kidney failure.

    E. coli O157:H7 infection can be prevented by:

    • Cooking ground beef thoroughly
    • Washing fruits and vegetables adequately
    • Not drinking milk, milk products and juices that have not been pasteurized
    • Making sure drinking water is safe
    • Observing good personal hygiene and sanitary practices (e.g., wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet and before preparing food)

    Petting Farm Squeezing By

    Old McMicky's has been a favorite field trip destination for Bay area schools for 14 years, the Tampa Tribune says today. Janice and Earl Rodda provide an interactive farm experience where children can milk cows, ride ponies and feed chickens.

    But since the Central Florida E. coli outbreak, where almost 30 people were infected with E. coli, petting zoos all around Florida have seen lower attendances and cancellations.

    Old McMicky's is one of the few petting farms to be state-licensed. State officials inspect the farm at least once a year and make unannounced visits as well. The farm has added extra hand-sanitizing stations and now requires all visitors to sanitize when they enter and exit the farm.

    The farm has lost nearly $35,000 since the E. coli outbreak. The Hillsborough County School District has cancelled all of their field trips to the farm this year, which usually accounted for 75 percent of the farm's springtime bookings. They have gone from 45 bookings a week to 8.

    Canceled bookings have affected animal feed supplies, facility upkeep and the farm's 20 employees. If the farm closes, Rodda said it's not only the owners and employees who will suffer. "There will be a whole lot of kids who will never experience farm life,'' Rodda said in today's paper.

    Children on the Frontline Against E.Coli

    Typical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

    A thirteen-month old infant presented with classical hemolytic- uremic syndrome (HUS), but with negative cultures for Escherichia coli (E. coli) 0157:H7. HUS is commonly linked to infection with E. coli 0157:H7; however, traditional culture has demonstrated poor sensitivity. Pathogenesis of the organism in HUS involves the production of a Shiga-like toxin (STX), resulting in a triad of symptoms. An early and accurate differential diagnosis, based on patient presentation with acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, is critical for supportive treatment and improved prognosis. Patient prognosis is related to the duration of renal failure and dialysis treatment. Research is aimed at improved detection of E. coli 0157:H7 or the STX produced, and future vaccination to eliminate typical HUS.

    Continue Reading...

    Divided court rules pair can't sue over E. coli

    The Associated Press reports that in a split decision, Wyoming Supreme Court dismissed a lawsuit seeking damages against the town of Alpine for an E. coli outbreak in 1998.

    At least 62 people became ill in what health officials said at the time was the country's largest outbreak of the infection linked to possible contaminated wildlife waste in the town's municipal water source.

    Lisa and Kim Wilson, who claimed they were poisoned while staying in the western Wyoming town on July 2, 1998, filed the initial claim in 1999, which was denied. They then sued the town in 2000. The Wyoming Supreme Court agreed with the 2004 decision on Monday.

    The case was dismissed in 2004 because the Wilsons had not certified the initial claim with their own signatures. It is a requirement in the state of Wyoming that for a claim against the government to meet constitutional muster, it must be sworn to by the claimant through a personal signature, not an attorney's signature.

    The case is Lisa G. Wilson and Kim Wilson v. Town of Alpine, 2005 WY 57.

    Keeping Kids Safe At Petting Zoos

    Parents may wonder if taking their kids to petting zoos might not be a good idea due to the recent E. coli outbreaks in Central Florida, but following a few simple tips can help keep children healthy when playing with animals.

    "Animal(s are) contaminated with its own bacteria even when it's healthy, and many of those bacteria are dangerous, pathologic (which can) cause disease to human beings," said Dr. Mark Tanenbaum, a pediatrician.
    With the right precautions, many experts and parents agree taking a child to a petting zoo is worth the very small risk:

    • Avoid any petting zoo where the animals seem dirty or sick.
    • Make sure kids know not to put their fingers in their mouths after touching the animals.
    • Make sure to wash hands with soap and water before leaving the zoo.

    Running water and soap and paper towels, that's the way to go, Tanenbaum says.

    Where Bacteria Get Their Genes

    According to new research from The University of Arizona in Tucson, bacteria acquired up to 90 percent of their genetic material from distantly related bacteria species. The finding has important biomedical implications because lateral gene transfer is the way many pathogenic bacteria pick up antibiotic resistance or become more virulent.

    "To maintain effective treatments and develop new antibiotics, it's important to monitor the rates and patterns of lateral gene transfer," said team member Howard Ochman, a UA professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics and a member of UA's BIO5 Institute.
    In their study, the scientists focused on the best-studied group of bacteria, the Gamma-Proteobacteria. It includes many human pathogens, including Salmonella, Shigella, pathogenic E. coli, and Pseudomonas.

    Being able to classify bacteria is crucial for medicine, Ochman said:

    "If you go to the doctor with strep throat he can be pretty certain that it's the result of an infection with a species of Streptococcus and can therefore prescribe an appropriate antibiotic. If you couldn't classify bacteria because they have genes from all over, doctors wouldn't be able to do this."
    Genes are most commonly transmitted by bacteriophages - viruses that specifically hijack bacteria cells. Phages inject their own genetic material into the host bacteria cell, forcing it to produce new phages. Genes from the bacterial genome can then be incorporated into the newly made phages, creating newly modified genetic loads, which are then injected into other bacteria.

    The research report is published in the current issue of PLoS Biology, available on www.plosbiology.org.

    Hygiene important, LSU AgCenter says

    LSU AgCenter experts say it's important to remember the importance of good hygiene in preventing the spread of diseases, including proper hand washing, particularly before eating but also in a variety of other situations.

    Hand washing is especially important for people to use and avoid contracting E. coli, or Escherichia coli - the disease that's been in the news recently because of an outbreak in Florida. Dr. Beth Reames of the LSU AgCenter says to practice good personal hygiene, such as hand washing, to prevent contracting E. coli.

    At least four strains of E. coli cause gastrointestinal diseases. The diseases include infant diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, dysentery and severe bloody diarrhea and other life-threatening illnesses.

    The LSU AgCenter has several educational programs, such as their Hooray for Hand Washing is an interactive educational program that is used to teach adults and children about the importance of hand washing to prevent diseases.

    "Several people said they were very appreciative of the fact that we had hand-washing stations set up," said Cathy Agan, an LSU AgCenter agent in Monroe. "A lot of parents were happy we asked the children to wash their hands, because it reinforced what they were trying to teach the children."
    Although proper hand washing is important in reducing your chances of contracting E. coli, additional means of preventing illness include keeping refrigerator temperatures at 40 degrees F or lower, cooking foods to recommended temperatures and keeping hot foods hot and cold foods cold while serving them.

    Visiting Petting Zoo? How to Avoid Disease

    Petting zoos and animal exhibitions are a key attraction at many fairs, festivals, carnivals, and farm markets. Although they may appear generally harmless, they can carry disease-causing organisms - some of which cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms in humans.

    Generally, disease-causing organisms of concern are passed along from three sources -- blood, saliva and manure. If you do come into contact with these vectors, control both the amount as well as the duration of the contact, and eliminate it from your clothes and body as soon as possible to minimize spreading it to others.

    Bob King, PhD, of Cornell Cooperative Extension, recommends the following:

    • Wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds after touching an animal, especially before you eat.

    • Do not use baby wipes in place of hand washing, as they do not kill germs such as E. Coli.

    • Avoid hand-to-mouth activities in livestock areas, such as eating, smoking, nail biting, carrying toys, and pacifiers.

    • Do not drink raw milk.

    • High-risk individuals such as children less than 5 years old, elderly, pregnant and immune compromised should use heightened precautions.

    • Only touch animals in petting areas. Always ask the owner or handler for permission to touch exhibited animals.

    • Always wear clean clothes to animal exhibitions and wash your clothes when you get home to avoid further contamination. Pay particular attention to your shoes to make sure that they are clean.

    • If you have recently been in an area suspected of animal disease, please wait at least five days before visiting and coming into contact with any other animals.

    Cause of child's death revealed

    Kayla Nicole Sutter's death in March was once thought to be linked to the recent E. coli outbreak in Central Florida because she had visited the same petting zoo at the Florida Strawberry Festival in Plant City that was related to several cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially fatal kidney disease.

    But the Pinellas-Pasco Medical Examiner's Office recently pinned the girl's cause of death to bronchopneumonia, a far more common illness.

    "Pneumonia can be life-threatening," said Bill Pellan, director of investigations. "People do die of pneumonia. Just like someone can die from complications of it, or from influenza. You see deaths during flu season, and this is just regular old pneumonia."
    "Pneumonias are nasty," said Dr. Marc Yacht, director of the Pasco County Health Department. "What they're basically doing is, they're compromising the person's ability to get oxygen because their respiratory tree is filling up with fluid."
    According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 69,954 people died nationally of the respiratory diseases pneumonia and influenza in 2002.

    Common germ leads to serious blood infections

    Group Health researchers in the May issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases found that E. coli bacteremia may affect as many as 53,000 non-institutionalized people, aged 65 and older, each year.

    "E. coli is a less serious problem in the urinary tract, but if it spreads to the bloodstream it causes bacteremia, which can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure called septic shock," explained Lisa Jackson, MD, MPH, a senior investigator at Group Health's Center for Health Studies and the lead author of the study. "Bacteremia is associated with a death rate of about 10 percent," Jackson added.
    While there is a vaccine to protect seniors from pneumococcal bacteremia, which starts in the lungs, there is no similar vaccine to protect against E. coli bacteremia.
    "Our study finds E. coli bacteremia three times more common than the pneumococcal infection," said Jackson. "That suggests that development of a vaccine could save many lives."
    Certain health behaviors can help prevent urinary tract infections, and, by association, may also help reduce the risk of bacteremia. Information on these preventive measures is available online from the National Institutes of Health.

    Petting Zoo Health Concerns

    Many diseases carried from animals to humans show no signs in the animal but can be potentially fatal to humans, such as ringworm, cat scratch fever, bacterial diarrhea, and E coli. All of these diseases can be prevented by common sanitary practices, especially hand-washing.

    In the case of E. coli, most forms of the bacteria are not harmful. However, E. coli 0157:H7 causes not only gastroenteritis, fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea, but can also cause hemolytic uremic syndrome, which destroys kidneys and can be fatal.

    The source of E. coli 0157:H7 is usually contaminated meat; unpasteurized milk, cheese, orange juice, or apple juice; and contaminated drinking water (or swimming pools). Petting animals can also be a possible source, especially in petting zoos where fecal matter may be present.

    Treatment for HUS requires hospitalization and blood transfusions. About 50% of children with HUS develop permanent kidney damage and require dialysis and kidney transplant. About 5% with HUS will die.

    The following measures should be taken to reduce the risk of HUS:

    • Wash hands with warm water and soap after handing animals, using the restroom, or changing diapers.
    • Do not eat undercooked hamburger meat (the center should be heated to more than 160 degrees F and will not look pink when done).
    • Freeze all meat that will not be eaten in 48 hours.
    • Do not thaw frozen meat at room temperature (on counters).
    • Place meat on the lowest rack in the refrigerator to prevent dripping on other food.
    • Do not use the same surfaces/plates for uncooked and cooked meat.
    • Wash food utensils thoroughly between uses.

    Foodborne Illness Web Site Offers Resources on Common Causes of Food Poisoning

    With media attention on product recalls due to potential contamination with such bacteria and viruses as E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and hepatitis A and outbreaks of illnesses caused by these pathogens comes consumers' need to know about foodborne pathogens. Marler Clark re-launched its Web site about foodborne illness, www.foodborneillness.com, in mid-April.

    The site offers practical information about several forms of food poisoning, including the symptoms and risks associated with infection, how infections are diagnosed, and possible ways to prevent infection. The information on this site lends itself to the media, individuals, and the families of individuals who have been affected adversely by eating bad food.

    Hundreds of people use this Web site every day to learn more about foodborne illness -- its origins, consequences, and most importantly, victims' rights.

    Petting zoo precautions

    Extra caution has been enforced recently by reports of an outbreak of E. coli traced to fairs in Florida and involving mostly children. It never hurts to be safe, and one way to do that, according to all the doctors and veterinarians questioned, is extremely simple and very basic: wash your hands after any and all contact with animals.

    To encourage proper precautions, there are hand-washing stations in all barns at the Elkhart County 4-H Fair., be used after all contact.

    "The animals are in an environment where bacteria could flourish. Children and those with compromised immune systems should be sure to take care," says Dr. Jerry Sellon of Weldy & Associates Animal Clinic in Wakarusa, the veterinarian for the Fair.
    Regular veterinary checks and inspections are also helpful. The Elkhart County 4-H Fair's animals are inspected before coming to the Fair. Before joining the petting zoo at South Bend's Potawatomi Zoo, animals are tested and quarantined for 30 days from whenever they arrive. And the animals at the Scidmore Park Petting Zoo in Three Rivers, Mich., there is a 10-day quarantine and periodic check by veterinarians.

    Taking along a bottle of anti-bacterial hand sanitizer is strongly suggested by Sarah Burkholder, Elkhart County Health Department community health nursing manager.

    "Health-care workers have used it for years," she said. "It's an effective means to interrupt the transmission of any infectious disease."
    Reba Locher, pediatric nurse practitioner at the Family Medicine Center in Goshen, agreed, adding
    "Especially with 2-to-4-year-olds. They tend to touch and then put their fingers in their mouths."

    Petting zoos are taking precautions to protect public

    "Wash your hands", though simple, could help keep E. coli from ruining your family's next visit to the petting zoo, the Courier-Journal reports.

    "It's by far the best way to make sure that you're going to be safe," said Dr. Matt Zahn, the Louisville Metro Health Department's medical director for communicable diseases. "Eat before or eat after (you interact with the animals), but don't mix those two habits at all."
    "Wash your hands after you touch animals," said Roy Burns, staff veterinarian at the Louisville Zoo. "That's a good thing to do at home. It's a good thing to do at the zoo, at work -- whatever."
    E. coli 0157:H7 sickened more than 100 people who went through a petting zoo at last year's North Carolina State Fair, as well as over 26 children in Florida this year. Some of them developed serious complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to sudden kidney failure.

    State officials in North Carolina announced new guidelines late last week that call for visitors to reach through fences to pet the animals, instead of mingling with them, and for people to wash their hands afterward.

    "Bacteria can end up on animals' hides and on different parts of the animal, so ... when you pet the animal, there's the possibility that there are going to be bacteria on the animal's fur," Zahn said. "The bacteria is so easily passed around from animal to animal to animal that trying to eradicate it from the animal population is just about impossible. And trying to find out which of the animals have it and which don't is very difficult."
    High-risk individuals include children, who are prone to sticking their fingers in their mouths, a route for the bacteria. That's why officials are focusing on personal hygiene.
    "The venues try to do the best they can to decrease the possibility of (the public) being exposed to 0157, but we don't know that that's entirely possible, and so the recommendation is always going to be wash your hands well afterward," Zahn said. "If you do, you should be fine."

    Pet animals, then wash your hands

    florida fair zoo ecoli outbreaksBoth the Louisville Zoo, which has a year-round petting zoo, and Huber's Orchard & Winery in Starlight, Indiana, are determined not to let E. coli spoil their patrons' fun.

    Huber's petting zoo, which will open for the season on Sunday, has existed for 17 years without incident, spokeswoman Jan Huber told the Courier-Journal:

    "We feel confident that it's a clean and safe petting zoo," she said. "Our history speaks for itself." The existing restroom is already "very accessible," Huber said, but the business plans to add some anti-bacterial foam stations so that people have additional places to clean their hands.
    Petting-zoo visitors to the Louisville Zoo receive an introduction that includes instructions on how to behave. There's no eating, drinking or smoking, and people are told to wash their hands. Roy Burns, staff veterinarian at the Louisville Zoo, said staff at its Boma African petting zoo has been briefed about E. coli so that it can educate visitors.

    The zoo plans to start testing animals once or twice a year for E. coli 0157:H7 -- the strain associated with a recent outbreak in Florida. It already quarantines new animals for at least 30 days. The entire zoo is also subject to periodic inspection by its accrediting organization, the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, and has steered clear of 0157 outbreaks.

    Laws protects zoo animals, not you

    Today Darla Carter of the Courier-Journal said petting zoos are loosely regulated. Under the Animal Welfare Act, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has some say-so over petting zoo and animal exhibits.

    "If you're exhibiting an animal, you're going to have to be licensed with us," said Jim Rogers, a spokesman for the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
    But the act doesn't include testing for E. coli and other infectious diseases that affect humans - it's set up to protect the animals from inhumane care. So the Department is trying to do its part to help raise awareness about the bacteria by handing out materials from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to remind facilities of things like the importance of providing a place for people to wash their hands.

    The CDC recently endorsed recommendations from the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians to help protect the public. Among the recommendations:

    • that venue operators, exhibitors, staff and visitors be educated about reducing the risk of disease transmission;
    • that proper cleaning and disinfecting take place;
    • that children be adequately supervised;
    • that there be transition areas, between animal areas and nonanimal areas, where signs should be posted to tell people to wash their hands.

    Since these are tips and not rules, organizations such as local, state, public health, agricultural, environmental and wildlife agencies are allowed to establish their own guidelines or regulations for reducing disease risk when animals and people come in contact at places and events, such as petting zoos, carnivals and farm tours.

    Even with the tips outlined for them, Kentucky and Indiana state public health departments still do not regulate petting zoos, and feel that they would only become involved if an E. coli outbreak were to occur. Indiana's State Board of Animal Health doesn't regulate petting zoos, though they may be covered by a local or county ordinance, spokeswoman Denise Derrer said. Neither the Indiana Department of Natural Resources nor the Clark County Health Department is involved either. The Kentucky Department of Agriculture requires a certificate of veterinary inspection indicating that the animal is in good health and free from any reportable diseases, but that does not include E. coli, spokesman Bill Clary said.

    "That's not something that by statute we have the authority to do; it kind of falls into the realm of suggestion and prevailing on people's sense of good citizenship," Louisvile Metro Health Department spokesman Dave Langdon said.

    Health fears nearly cancel petting zoo

    Bill E. Wambeke, a writer for American News, reports that Brown County Fair Manager Larry Gerlach told Idaho commissioners Tuesday that after attending a seminar in Wisconsin earlier in the month on how animals can spread E. coli to small children, the fair board considered closing the petting zoo at their Fair.

    Gerlach said that it crossed his mind not to have the petting zoo, but the fair board decided to instead adjust the zoo's practices. Now, a hand-washing station will be built next to the petting zoo so that children and adults can wash their hands after their visit.

    With young kids, everything goes in their mouths, Gerlach said in reference to children touching animals and then putting their fingers in their mouths.

    E. coli causes severe cramps and diarrhea. The symptoms are worse in children and older people, and especially in people who have another illness, and can be fatal. Animals in petting zoos spread it by laying in manure that is infected with E. coli. Children then touch the animals that have been laying in the infected manure.

    While E. coli is potentially deadly simple precautions can send it packing

    The recent E. coli outbreaks in Florida set off alarms among county fair organizers, zoo operators and extension service agents nationwide.

    The Salt Lake Tribune reports that in Utah, children are most likely to come in contact with barnyard animals at working farms such as Thanksgiving Point's Farm Country, Salt Lake County's Wheeler Farm and the American West Heritage Center in Cache County. Petting yards are also often offered at county fairs, as well as the Utah State Fair, and some 4-H clubs bring animals on visits to elementary schools.

    Utah does not license or regulate petting zoos or animal exhibits, but "we do encourage them to make sure their animals are healthy," said Larry Lewis, public information officer for the Utah Department of Agriculture. "Petting zoos are a recognized risk factor for this type of E. coli, so it is something we are always vigilant for," said Marilee Poulson, a state food-borne disease epidemiologist.

    "Many kids just see [barnyard animals] in books or goofy comic strips, so they do want to touch them," said Debra Stielmaker, director of the Agriculture in the Classroom foundation for Utah State University Extension Services. According to the CDC, 73,000 Americans develop E. coli infections each year.

    USU's Extension Service and the Health Department all promote the single best method of avoiding an infection - hand washing. Soap and water are the gold standard for protection, but hand sanitizers are a great substitute.

    "We stress the point that when you work with animals, touch animals, you should always wash your hands. Milk a cow, wash your hands. Pat a goat, wash your hands," says Mack Dalley, Farm Country director. They offer soap and sanitizers - as well as a fluorescent lotion that illuminates any bacteria that still remains. They also do not allow guests to eat food while inside the farm, and work closely with USU Extension Services to make sure it is providing as safe and educational an experience as possible.


    Warm weather signals time for food poisoning

    Food safety experts say the war against food pathogens is far from over. Microbes evolve, and produce now comes from all around the world, including countries that have ineffective sanitation.

    "We like to think that we're winning the battle to maintain control, but we have to realize that we live in a biological ecosystem where we are constantly changing and where on a microscopic level things are changing, too," said Trent Wakenight, a food safety expert with Michigan State University's National Food Safety and Toxicology Center. "We've still got 76 million incidences of food-borne illnesses a year in this country. There is still a lot to do."
    Listeria is a pathogen that is found in prepared meats and cheeses, while Salmonella is mainly found in poultry and eggs. Vibrio is a pathogen that develops in raw oysters and shellfish. Campylobacter have been linked to later development of arthritis and the acute paralysis called Guillain-Barre syndrome. And E. coli O157:H7 is one of thousands of strains of E. coli that develop in the gut of animals and end up in ground meats as well as vegetables washed in contaminated water or grown close to the soil. While other strains are harmless, contamination by E. coli O157:H7 in children can cause lethal kidney disease.

    The battle against pathogens has to be taken into home kitchens where most food contamination occurs today. The U.S. Department of Agriculture says the problem with food pathogens could be reduced if cooks prepared meats to temperatures greater than 160 degrees, thoroughly washed vegetables and avoided cross-contamination. Summertime is the peak season for contamination with food-borne pathogens because bacteria multiply faster in warm weather than cold, and people need to remember their thermometers, which are sometimes forgotten in backyard cooking or on summer picnics.

    Stricter guidelines set for N.C. petting zoos

    New guidelines set by the Department of Agriculture will now require visitors to reach through fences to pet the animals at petting zoos and animal exhibits, and carefully wash their hands afterward, in response to recent E. coli-related outbreaks.

    Under the guidelines, the petting zoos at this year's fair will feature signs warning that contact with animals can spread disease - especially to young children, the elderly, pregnant women and sick people - and encouraging patrons to wash their hands before leaving.

    Before, children would sit down in the animal bedding, drop things in the bedding and then put them in their mouths, according to Mary Ann McBride, a department veterinarian who helped develop the new guidelines.

    Agriculture officials also will provide the guidelines to anyone operating an animal display or petting zoo and ask that they abide by them, too. That means petting zoos could become less intimate at county fairs, local carnivals and farms, but will be safer for visitors.

    Coalition Urges Steps Against E. Coli At County Fairs

    handwashing helps prevent petting zoo ecoli outbreaksA coalition that includes the Maryland Association of Agricultural Fairs and Shows, the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service and the state agriculture and public health agencies is demanding that county fair operators should place hand-washing stations near livestock exhibits and limit public access to animals to prevent outbreaks of illness from E. coli and other organisms.

    The group's recommendations are voluntary but the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene may consider regulating such events, spokeswoman Karen Black said. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidelines for managing public contact with animals at fairs, farm tours and petting zoos.

    Becky Brashear, president of the MAAFS, said county fair operators have been directed to work with their local public health directors on strategies for preventing disease outbreaks. Brashear, who also manages the Great Frederick Fair, said the fair association has made dispensers of alcohol-based hand sanitizer available to county fair operators for at least five years and that the group was looking at the possibility of buying water-equipped hand-washing stations for the fairs.

    E. coli infections

    The Times Democrat had an editorial today on the many theories why the current E. coli outbreaks in Florida have happened.

    Possible explanations include the emergence of new strains of bacteria, and humans' lowered resistance to disease because of increasing urbanization. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that this strain of E. coli - O157:H7 - is responsible for an average of 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths in the United States each year.

    No matter what the theories, it is a fact that E. coli infection is a more common occurrence and a threat in human association with animals - which should prompt people to examine their own habits more than question the safety of animal exhibits.

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stress the importance of something that nearly every person has heard thousands upon thousands of times in their lifetimes: washing your hands. Hand washing is one of the most important things you can do to keep from getting sick and from spreading germs to others. By frequently washing your hands, you wash away germs that you have picked up from other people, or from contaminated surfaces, or from animals and animal waste.

    The CDC says when people forget to wash their hands, particularly after petting or handling an animal, or bring food into an area where animals are being housed, they are at risk of becoming ill. Washing your hands regularly can certainly save on medical bills. Because it costs less than a penny to wash your hands, you could say that a penny's worth of prevention can save you a $50 visit to the doctor, and quite possibly a whole lot of pain and suffering.

    Unfortunately, it's not always that simple. We have seen cases where kids who never touched an animal or even got out of their strollers got sick.

    Petting-zoo infections grow

    The Orlando Sentinel has reported that are now three more cases of E. coli-related illnesses in Central Florida due to petting zoos at fairs.

    The new confirmed cases bring the total to 26 children and four adults. 47 suspected cases are still under investigation.

    Investigators determined last week that the E. coli bacteria were spread through contact with infected animals from Plant City-based AgVenture Farm Shows' petting zoos at three fairs in Tampa, Orlando and Plant City in February and March.

    Dairy cow bedding affects safety of meat

    Ohio State University veterinary researcher Jeff LeJeune has found that the kind of bedding that cows sleep on affects the volume and survival rate of potentially deadly E. coli 0157:H7 in the farm environment.

    LeJeune's study found the prevalence of the bacteria in animals from sand-bedded herds was significantly lower than in animals from sawdust-bedded herds. The total number of positive samples in sand-bedded animals was less than half that found in sawdust-bedded animals, 56 out of 1,800.

    Sand bedding contains less available organic matter and nutrients, so it isn't as hospitable to reproducing bacteria as sawdust bedding.

    "Approximately 17 percent of ground beef comes from dairy cows that go to slaughter," LeJeune said. "One cow contaminated with E. coli 0157:H7 that is sent to the slaughterhouse can contaminate many other cows, and this can result in the contamination of millions of pounds of ground beef."

    Farms feel the pain of E. coli, too

    The negative publicity associate with the recent outbreak of E. coli and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Central Florida is causing petting zoos all across Florida to have diminished business, if any at all.

    Parents have stopped taking kids to the petting zoos. PTAs have cancelled animal appearances at spring festivals, and the Hillsborough County School District has imposed a moratorium on all field trips to petting zoos and farms.

    Old McMicky's Farm in Odessa, for example, usually gets more than 200 children an hour and entertain more than 32,000 Pasco, Hillsborough, and Pinella schoolchildren a year. Now, with the moratorium and negative publicity, they have lost $30,000 in revenue and are in danger of going under.

    "If people stay frightened through the summer, we'll have to close," said Janice Rodda, president and program manager for Old McMicky's Farm. "We don't know what to do.
    "Jennifer Borg, owner of Pony Party Plus in Tampa, provides animals for birthday parties, catering to 20 people in a back yard as opposed to 5,000 people at a fair. But her business is also down 50 percent. Granma's Hug-n-Farm in northeast Hillsborough, which normally would welcome 600 children a week, had only 34 visitors - a 90 percent drop. Owner Harriet Brooks just had to sell 11 of her sheep so that she could feed the rest of her animals.
    "I feel very bad for these people," said Liz Compton, spokeswoman for the state Department of Agriculture. "For the most part, (petting zoos) put on a very good business. For many, and for the public, with the urbanization of America, this is the only opportunity kids have to come face-to-face with animals."
    The school district understands the educational value of petting farms, said school district spokesman Mark Hart, and that it may lift the ban within days. District officials want the state to complete its investigation into the outbreak before allowing children back on farms.
    "It seemed prudent under the circumstances to take that precaution," Hart said. "We just want to talk to somebody (at the Health Department)."
    28 people statewide have been confirmed to have contracted an E. coli-related illness and an additional 46 others are suspected of having been afflicted - something that parents and school districts are trying to avoid repeating.

    Foodborne Illnesses Continue Downward Trend: 2010 Health Goals for E. Coli 0157 Reached

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) have filed a report that shows important declines in foodborne infections due to common bacterial pathogens in 2004.

    The full report, "Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food -- Selected Sites, United States, 2004" appears in this week's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (April 15, 2005).

    "This report is good news for Americans and underscores the importance of investments in food safety. Our efforts are working and we're making progress in reducing foodborne illnesses," said CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding. "The continued reduction in illnesses from E. coli O157 is a tremendous success story and we are committed to continuing this positive trend in the future," said USDA Secretary Mike Johanns.
    For the first time, cases of E. coli O157 infections, one of the most severe foodborne diseases, are below the national Healthy People 2010 health goal. From 1996-2004, the incidence of E. coli O157 infections decreased 42 percent. Campylobacter infections decreased 31 percent, Cryptosporidium dropped 40 percent, and Yersinia decreased 45 percent. Salmonella infections dropped 8 percent, but only one of the five most common strains declined significantly.

    On the other hand, the incidence of Shigella, which is found in a wide variety of foods, did not change significantly from 1996 through 2004. Vibrio infections increased 47 percent. Vibrio infections, which are primarily associated with consumption of certain types of raw shellfish, can be prevented by thoroughly cooking seafood, especially oysters.

    Zoo adds sanitation station to help keep children safe

    Due to the E. coli outbreak that caused kidney disease in several people who had played with animals in petting zoos at three fairs in Florida, a children's zoo in Cedar Rapids is taking steps to protect children from similar illnessses.

    Backers of the zoo at Bever Park say it's not a petting zoo. But just in case children touch the animals, a hand-sanitizing station has been donated so children and parents can practice good hygiene.

    The station, located at a new barn, was donated as part of a 535-thousand project to update the zoo by the Junior League of Cedar Rapids.

    BSE, food defense top-of-mind topics among U.S. officials

    Dr. Lester Crawford, administrator of the Food and Drug Administration, and Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns were keynote speakers at this year's U.S. Food Safety Summit, held recently Washington. The topics of issue at this year's summit were food defense and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

    Johanns said, "Expanding our research efforts to improve the understanding of BSE and other food-related illness pathogens will strengthen the security of our nation's food supply. These projects will help improve food safety by enhancing our research partnerships with the academic community and establish another tool to aid our response to food-related disease outbreaks."
    Johanns announced that almost $2 million in funding had been redirected to enhance research into BSE and that $5 million had been awarded to 17 colleges and universities to establish a Food Safety Research and Response Network.

    The newly funded projects include international collaborations with the Veterinary Laboratory Agency in Great Britain, the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory, and the University of Santiago de Compostela in. About $750,000 will go toward a bio-containment facility now under construction at the ARS National Animal Disease Center in Ames, Iowa.

    The Food Safety Research and Response Network will include a team of more than 50 food safety experts from 18 colleges and universities who will investigate several of the most prevalent food-related illness pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter.

    "(Food defense) is one of FDA's highest priorities and one we share with our colleagues at USDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention," Crawford said of the second topic of the summit. "It is also one that we can't accomplish without the close cooperation and collaboration of key representatives of the food industry."

    "FDA has developed both an operational risk management strategy and what we refer to as the CARVER process to assess the vulnerability of all segments of the food system," Crawford said. "With CARVER, we break a particular food system into its smallest 'nodes' in the farm-to-table continuum. We then analyze each node and identify the critical nodes that are most likely targets for terrorist attack. Identification of the critical nodes then leads to development of countermeasures to reduce the risk at these nodes."

    Two days prior to Crawford's keynote address, food processors attending the meeting had an opportunity to test their knowledge and skills during a simulated bioterrorism exercise. Officials from government, law enforcement, and corporate security coordinated the exercise and focused on protecting product, securing facilities and working with suppliers and staff. The specific steps that need to be taken during a crisis were addressed, and then participants were put through a simulated crisis.

    Researchers look to increase food safety

    A Food Safety Research and Response Network has been created by 50 researchers from 18 colleges, including North Carolina State University.

    The Network, funded by a $5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, was formed to share knowledge and findings in order to more efficiently process information about food safety and processing. Research is being conducted on toxoplasma, a parasite that can infect cattle, says Patricia Conrad, a professor in the pathology, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.

    Disease-causing microbes such as E coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter will be studied to determine their occurrence, sustainability and propensity to infect livestock.

    "Food safety and processing is much more diverse than simply inspecting animals in slaughterhouses," Conrad says. "The new food-safety network is important in order to find a way of assuring the purest water and food and are not infected with disease-causing agents."

    Marler Clark Calls for Legislation to Protect Visitors at Petting Zoos

    Marler Clark is calling on legislators nation-wide to put into law requirements for the protection of petting zoo visitors. Proposed requirements include increasing signage and warnings about health risks associated with human-animal contact, providing adequate handwashing facilities at strategic locations throughout petting zoos, and designing petting zoos with the intent of reducing the risks of human contact with animal feces.

    At this time, petting zoos must follow guidelines set out in the Code of Federal Regulations. Few states have laws governing human-animal contact at petting zoos; however, under Pennsylvania law:

    • An operator shall promote public awareness of the risk of contracting a zoonotic disease at the animal exhibition and of the measures necessary to minimize the risk of contraction by posting appropriate notices at the animal exhibition.

    • An adequate hand-cleansing facility for adults and children shall be conveniently located on the animal exhibition grounds. The operator shall post appropriate notices which designate the location of the hand-cleansing facility . . . and encourage the cleansing of hands after touching animals, using the restroom, and before eating.

    I realize the measures we are proposing might seem extreme. But we're looking at this from the standpoint of having represented dozens of children who visited petting zoos and ended up with kidney failure and life-long medical conditions.

    Pennsylvania has a start. The CDC released its Recommendations for Human-Animal Contact in 2001, but petting zoo operators haven't been paying any attention to those, so it's time the government stepped in and made actual laws that govern this, instead of relying on petting zoo operators to police themselves. Our kids' health is at stake. The longer politicians and the fair industry resist changes, the longer our children's health and the health of the fair industry will be at risk. If we can't make fairs be financially responsible through legislation, at least we can make them morally responsible.

    Fair's Petting Zoo Canceled, Replaced With Racing Pigs

    At this weekend's Lake County Fair, a scheduled petting zoo will be replaced by racing pigs, Local 6 News reports. AgVenture Farm Shows, the petting zoo who was supposed to be providing the animals, is currently under fire as the likely source of an outbreak that has sickened dozens of people throughout Central Florida.

    The infections and resulting kidney failure have been linked to petting zoos run by the Plant City-based company at the Central Florida Fair, Tampa's Florida State Fair and the Florida Strawberry Festival in Plant City.

    "The whole fair industry just feels for all of the families who are going through this," Fair manager C.E. "Happy" Norris said, who expects tens of thousands of people to attend this year's event. Even without the petting zoo, the Lake County Fair has decided to add four new hand sanitizers since the outbreak. There will also be new signs reminding people to wash their hands while at the fair.

    Watch food, drink when you travel abroad

    Dr. Bharat Sangani, MD, is a Doctor of Cardiology Disease and Internal Medicine with practices along the Mississippi Gulf Coast who also writes a health column for The Sun Herald. He answered a few questions about travel safety in relation to food and drink, especially a condition known as "traveler's diarrhea":

    In the past few months the cruise industry has suffered a lot due to frequent outbreaks. Ten to 50 percent of travelers may develop diarrhea. It is the most common illness of travelers. Men and women are at equal risk for developing travelers' diarrhea. Younger people are at a higher risk. Travelers at risk for diarrhea come from industrialized nations and travel to high-risk areas that are within less industrialized nations of the world, such as Latin America, Africa, Middle East and Asia. Lesser risk areas include China and Caribbean nations.

    What causes travelers' diarrhea?
    Travelers' diarrhea is contracted by ingestion of contaminated food or water. The single most bacteria causing this problem is E. Coli, which is estimated to cause up to 70 percent of all cases. Travelers' diarrhea does not vary from location to location and with the season of the year. Spices in food and changes in the climate do not cause this.

    What are the symptoms of travelers' diarrhea?
    Most commonly diarrhea occurs 4 to 14 days after arrival but can occur within a shorter time if the bacteria ingested is high. The patient may pass on average up to 5 loose bowel movements per day and cramping may occur. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue may occur also.

    What is the treatment for travelers' diarrhea?
    The goal is to prevent dehydration, so fluid replacement is essential. Antibiotics and anti-motility agents may be required. Most cases resolve on their own within 3 to 5 days of treatment with fluid replacement. Antibiotics will shorten the disease duration and anti-motility drugs may decrease the symptoms.

    When should someone seek medical attention?
    The person with fever, blood in stool, and vomiting should seek treatment. These patients may require fluid in the vein and medications in the vein to relieve the symptoms and treat the dehydration.

    How is travelers' diarrhea prevented?
    Food is the major source of infection. Foods should be well-cooked and served warm. Avoid raw vegetables, uncooked meat or seafood. Avoid foods maintained at room temperature. Other high-risk foods include dairy products, tap water and ice. Safe foods include carbonated beverages, beer, wine, hot coffee, tea, fruits that can be peeled, and canned products.

    Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982--2002

    Here are some statistics provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center:

    • Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes 73,000 illnesses in the United States annually.

    • E. coli O157 outbreaks reported to CDC from 1982 to 2002 were reviewed.

    • In that period, 49 states reported 350 outbreaks representing 8,598 cases, 1,493 (17%) hospitalizations, 354 (4%) hemolytic uremic syndrome cases, and 40 (0.5%) deaths.

    • Transmission route for 183 (52%) was foodborne, 74 (21%) unknown, 50 (14%) person-to-person, 31 (9%) waterborne, 11 (3%) animal contact, and 1 (0.3%) laboratory-related.

    • The food vehicle for 75 (41%) foodborne outbreaks was ground beef, and for 38 (21%) outbreaks, produce.

    A closer look at produce washes

    With recent E. coli outbreaks nationwide, consumers are become more and more aware that the bacteria can reside in food products other than ground meats. Fruits and vegetables are also at risk - and the University of Minnesota wants to make sure that consumers are informed as to how to properly clean fruits and vegetables:

    • Before working with any foods, wash hands with soap and water. Also, make sure preparation areas are sanitary.

    • Under clean, running water, rub fruits and vegetables briskly with your hands to remove dirt and surface microorganisms.

    • Wash produce just before serving - not before storing, as washing will cause produce to spoil faster.

    • Produce with a firm skin or hard rind like carrots, potatoes, melons or squash may be scrubbed with a vegetable brush and water.

    • Discard the outer leaves of leafy vegetables such as lettuce and cabbage before washing.

    • Always wash squash and melons, even if you don't eat the rind or skin because when cut, dirt or bacteria that is on the outer surface can be transferred to the inner flesh.

    • DO NOT wash produce with detergent or bleach solutions. Fruits and vegetables are porous and can absorb the detergent or bleach, which is not intended for use on foods and consuming them on fruits and vegetables have the potential to make you sick.

    There are "produce wash" products on the market today, but studies show that washing produce in tap or distilled water is just as effective. In fact, those "produce washes" that recommend soaking produce can actually be harmful, since the water can either add contaminants or remove nutrients from the produce. On the other hand, vinegar and lemon juice, both weak organic acids, have proven to be rather effective anti-microbial and anti-browning agents, especially when combined with water rinsing and agitation.

    Cold tempurature storage is also helpful in combating bacterial populations on produce. Salmonella does not grow at 10F, listeria stops growing at 4F, and E. coli O157:H7 stops at 5F.

    Some Basics about E. coli Infection

    The following is some basic information on E. coli, as well as helpful tips on how to avoid E. coli infection, provided by the US Department of Agriculture:

    What is Escherichia coli O157:H7?
    E. coli O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Although most strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, this strain produces a powerful toxin and can cause severe illness. E. coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a cause of illness in 1982 during an outbreak of severe bloody diarrhea; the outbreak was traced to contaminated hamburgers.

    How is E. coli O157:H7 spread?
    The organism can be found on a small number of cattle farms and can live in the intestines of healthy cattle. Meat can become contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be thoroughly mixed into beef when it is ground. Bacteria present on the cow's udders or on equipment may get into raw milk. Eating meat, especially ground beef, that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli O157:H7 can cause infection. Contaminated meat looks and smells normal. Although the number of organisms required to cause disease is not known, it is suspected to be very small.

    What illness does E. coli O157:H7 cause?
    E. coli O157:H7 infection often causes severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Little or no fever is present, and the illness resolves in 5 to 10 days. In some persons, particularly children under 5 years of age and the elderly, the infection can also cause a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. About 2%-7% of infections lead to this complication. In the United States, hemolytic uremic syndrome is the principal cause of acute kidney failure in children.

    How is E. coli O157:H7 infection diagnosed?
    Infection with E. coli O157:H7 is diagnosed by detecting the bacterium in the stool. Most labs that culture stool do not test for E. coli O157:H7, so it is important to request that the stool specimen be tested on sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) agar for this organism.

    How is the illness treated?
    Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease, and it is thought that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Antidiarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should also be avoided. Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. With intensive care, the death rate for hemolytic uremic syndrome is 3%-5%.

    What are the long-term consequences of infection?
    Persons who only have diarrhea usually recover completely. About one-third of persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome have abnormal kidney function many years later, and a few require long-term dialysis. Another 8% of persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome have other lifelong complications, such as high blood pressure, seizures, blindness, paralysis, and the effects of having part of their bowel removed.

    What can be done to prevent the infection?
    E. coli O157:H7 will continue to be an important public health concern as long as it contaminates meat. Preventive measures may reduce the number of cattle that carry it and the contamination of meat during slaughter and grinding. Research into such prevention measures is just beginning.

    What can you do to prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection?
    Cook all ground beef and hamburger thoroughly. Because ground beef can turn brown before disease-causing bacteria are killed, use a digital instant-read meat thermometer to ensure thorough cooking. Ground beef should be cooked until a thermometer inserted into several parts of the patty, including the thickest part, reads at least 160F. Persons who cook ground beef without using a thermometer can decrease their risk of illness by not eating ground beef patties that are still pink in the middle. If you are served an undercooked hamburger or other ground beef product in a restaurant, send it back for further cooking. You may want to ask for a new bun and a clean plate, too.

    Continue Reading...

    Liverpool scientists uncover how E.coli became lethal

    Dr Heather Allison, from the a University of Liverpool's School of Biological Sciences, has discovered how the food poisoning bug E.Coli 0157 became deadly to humans.

    Allison's team has determined that twenty-three years ago, a harmless gut bacterium called E. coli developed the ability to kill people through food poisoning, bloody diarrhea and kidney failure by becoming infected with a virus. The virus can infect E. coli by recognizing a newly identified but common receptor on the surface of E. coli cells which allows the viruses to gain entry into the bacteria. Once inside, the virus gives new genetic material to the bacterium, providing it with the ability to produce Shiga toxin.

    She explains: "Sometime before 1982, an unknown virus that attacks bacteria passed on a part of genetic coding to E. coli that allows some strains to make Shiga toxin. This lethal poison causes the notorious food-borne infection that results in bloody diarrhoea and sometimes kidney failure in people."
    Normally E. coli bacteria live in the intestine and don't pose any danger, but some varieties can cause fatal food poisoning. The most serious is E. coli O157, which is carried by livestock (mainly cattle), and can enter the human food chain through contaminated meat and inadequate food processing.

    Dr Allison suggests that to reduce E. coli infection to avoid undercooked beef and any other food in general that have come into contact with livestock feces and have not been cooked or properly washed. In addition, untreated water (which might be contaminated with livestock feces) should be avoided, and any cooked food that may have come into contact with contaminated, uncooked meat products.

    Find out what you can do to prevent E. coli's spread

    An estimated 73,000 cases of infection and 60 deaths occur in the United States each year due to E. coli infection. Consumers can help prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection if they understand the risks and know what precautions to take. Here is some information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:

    What is Escherichia coli O157:H7?
    E. coli O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Although most strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, this strain produces a toxin and can cause severe illness.

    How is E. coli O157:H7 spread?
    The organism can be found on a small number of cattle farms and can live in the intestines of healthy cattle. Meat can become contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be thoroughly mixed into beef when it is ground. Eating meat, especially ground beef, that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli O157:H7 can cause infection. Contaminated meat looks and smells normal. Among other known sources of infection are consuming sprouts, lettuce, salami, unpasteurized milk and juice, and swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water.

    What illness does E. coli O157:H7 cause?
    E. coli O157:H7 infection often causes severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps; sometimes the infection causes nonbloody diarrhea or no symptoms. Usually little or no fever is present, and the illness resolves in 5 to 10 days. In some people, particularly children younger than 5 and the elderly, the infection can cause a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, in which red blood cells are destroyed and kidneys fail.

    What are the long-term consequences of infection?
    People who have only diarrhea usually recover completely. About one-third of people with hemolytic uremic syndrome have abnormal kidney function years later, and a few require long-term dialysis. An additional 8 percent of people with hemolytic uremic syndrome have lifelong complications, such as high blood pressure, seizures or paralysis.

    What can be done to prevent the infection?
    Cook ground beef until a meat thermometer hits at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid eating ground-beef patties that are still pink in the middle. Keep raw meat separate from ready-to-eat foods. Wash hands, counters and utensils with hot soapy water after they touch raw meat. After contact with animals, especially farm animals, wash your hands often and make sure your children do the same.

    Make sure that people with diarrhea, especially children, wash their hands carefully with soap after bowel movements and that people wash hands after changing soiled diapers. Anyone with a diarrheal illness should avoid swimming in public pools or lakes, sharing baths with others and preparing food for others.

    Vacationers cautioned about E. coli

    For those planning a trip to Florida this spring, they might want to think about packing a few extra items - like hand sanitizer.

    The Indiana State Department of Health is cautioning residents planning trips to the Sunshine State about a recent outbreak of a potentially dangerous, deadly strain of E. coli that has made at least 22 people ill in Florida due to visits to fairs.

    Because many families and college students head to Florida this time of year, "we're just trying to be more proactive," said Andy Zirkle, risk communication director for the Indiana Department of Health. Officials caution Hoosiers who may have visited these events during recent travels to be on the lookout for symptoms of bloody diarrhea and stomach cramping - signs of E. coli infection.

    If symptoms develop, residents should immediately contact their health-care provider. The most serious cases of this strain of E. coli, a bacteria, cause kidney failure. Young children and the elderly are at the highest risk of complications, particularly hemolytic uremic syndrome, which causes the kidneys to suddenly shut down.

    In addition, nearly 10 percent of individuals who become infected with this strain -- E. coli 0157:H7 -- develop hemolytic uremic syndrome, a condition that can shut down kidneys and cause permanent kidney damage. The symptoms of HUS may not develop until several weeks after gastrointestinal symptoms are present.

    Pet, then wash carefully

    Florida health officials reported last week that over 20 people there who visited agricultural fairs with petting zoos have developed a kidney condition called hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS -- is a rare complication arising from an initial infection most commonly associated with a strain of E. coli known as E. coli O157:H7. E. coli is a bacterium found in undercooked beef and contaminated food. It can live in the guts of cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants and can be picked up by petting, nuzzling or feeding the animals. The recent Florida outbreak has been linked to petting zoos at local fairs.

    Many family members who are braving visits to petting zoos this spring are arming themselves with sanitizing wipes and making doubly sure that they as well as their children are practicing good hygiene. Local petting zoos are also implementing changes to make it easier for visitors to stay healthy.

    Last year in Virginia, 40 cases of E. coli O157:H7 were reported, but none could be linked to petting zoos, health officials said.

    In response to the scare in Florida, The Maymont Foundation has installed a dispenser of hand sanitizer at the feed machines around their Children's Farm and put up signs reminding visitors to wash their hands after feeding and petting the animals. Traveling petting zoos, like Laughing Place in Chesterfield County, follow similar guidelines, and pass out hand sanitizers at birthday parties and other special events.

    Dr. Carl Armstrong, director of the office of epidemiology for the Virginia Department of Health, agrees with Wyatt.

    "There are lots of different forms of E. coli out there. We as human beings carry it," he said. "And there are a number of different kinds of pathogenic E. coli that can cause disease. That's what we are concerned about. But illness is easily prevented by good hygiene." The most important thing, Armstrong said, is to wash hands often, especially before eating.

    Springtime Tallahassee Petting Zoo Canceled for E. coli Risks

    Springtime Tallahassee Petting Zoo Canceled for E. coli RisksKids and their parents had been looking forward to seeing Boo this spring. Boo, a 28-inch-tall miniature cow, amongst other animals, were planned to be part of this year's Springtime Tallahassee festivities at Kids Park in West Peck Green Park on Saturday. Instead, they will be playing video games, tug-of-war and sack-race events, attending a book swap, and jumping inside inflatables - things that are at every other festival all across the country.

    The organizers of the downtown festival canceled Boo's appearance, as well as the whole petting zoo itself, namely due to hearing about visitors contracting E. coli at Central Florida Fair and Florida Strawberry Festival.

    Susie Hall, the executive director of Springtime Tallahassee, gave the Tallahassee Democrat this statement:

    "In light of the scare that has been broadcast nationwide, we just didn't feel at this point that we wanted to (create) any greater risk than what was necessary."
    The Central Florida Fair and Florida Strawberry Festival outbreaks are thought to have been brought on by contact with animals at petting zoos or tainted food sold through festival vendors.

    On Wednesday, the Florida Department of Health reported that 19 children and 3 adults had confirmed cases of E. coli or a HUS. Another 15 children and 9 adults have suspected cases of E. coli.

    Florida Fair E. coli Outbreaks Inspire Guidelines in Massachusetts

    handwashing helps prevent petting zoo ecoli outbreaksRecent Central Florida Fair or the Florida Strawberry Festival E coli outbreaks have caused the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) to update its website with a list and guidelines for farms and zoos that allow human contact with animals.

    Florida Health Secretary John Agwunobi announced recently that there were 14 confirmed cases of petting-zoo related illnesses earlier in the month, including one girl's death. The illnesses are believed to be linked to E. coli bacterial infections from human-animal contact.

    The MDPH's guidelines include hand-washing facilities, animal health care and ID tags, and strict supervision during visits. Supervisors should make sure that visitors do not sample animal produce (such as raw milk), allow animals to lick them, advise against eating and drinking in or near petting areas, and prohibiting visitors with cuts and wounds from petting animals.

    Visitors to all outdoor festivals can heed by following these directions to minimize their risk of E. coli exposure and infection:

    • Wash hands often.
    • Wash hands immediately after contact with domestic or farm animals.
    • Do not eat undercooked meat.

    Got Raw Milk?

    Most consumers are used to pasteurized milk - the rapid heating and cooling kills most of the organisms, good and bad, and prevents disease-causing agents such as campylobacter, salmonella, E.coli and listeria from building up during the time the milk is handled, processed, packaged and shipped to stores. Colorado regulations currently require that milk must be pasteurized.

    However, a group of dairy farmers are proponents of raw milk - milk that is unpasteurized. David Lynch, Colorado's chief advocate for raw milk and the inspiration behind Guidestone Farm, a tiny organic co-op tucked in a little valley near the Big Thompson River, maintains that raw milk has been a human staple for almost 10,000 years. Lynch and others argue that raw milk contains a suite of enzymes and bacteria that the body needs. It's a healing food, he said.

    Lynch, 56, and several other raw-milk producers and drinkers found a loophole in the law: They buy and sell shares in the cows and pay for their upkeep, then get the milk for free. State health officials have known of the cow-share arrangement for several years but never sought to regulate it. Lynch is now pushing a bill that would make it legal for investors in a dairy herd to obtain raw milk from their cows. The measure, sponsored by state Sen. Steve Johnson, R-Fort Collins, survived a state House committee vote after passing the Senate last month.

    Colorado dairy producers don't think much of Lynch's raw-milk program. They feel one bad outbreak of milk-borne disease from unregulated raw milk could taint their food-safety image.

    "The thing our dairy farmers support is rigorous testing and oversight by the health department and FDA (Food and Drug Administration)," said lobbyist Cindy French of the Colorado Dairy Farmers.
    Lynch's bill would require producers to identify standards to maintain herd health and register with the Colorado Department of Agriculture. Lynch preaches a model of agriculture as it used to be: small organic plots tended by a landowner who sells a variety of products directly to local customers.
    "The minute you get to large-scale production, the risk to human health increases rather dramatically," he said. "But a person doing small-scale dairy can make it work. My goal is to see other small dairy farms with raw-milk operations in every county of the state."

    Lake County Fair Petting Zoo Canceled

    The Lake County Fair, which runs April 7 to 16, will not be offering a petting zoo this year, in response to news of multiple cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) affecting children who had attended fairs around the state earlier this month.

    There are currently 12 confirmed cases of HUS in Central Florida, which are linked to E. coli. Nine of the cases are in Orange, two in Volusia and one in Seminole, according to Dr. John Agwunobi, Florida's secretary of health. All of those infected have been children who reported contact with animals at petting zoos at either the Central Florida or Florida Strawberry Festival this month.

    There are no reported incidents in Lake County, but fair organizers don't want to take any chances.

    Dire Warning About E. coli is Necessary

    Mike Thomas of the Orlando Sentinel is demanding full disclosure at petting zoos and other exhibitions with live animals where children are allowed to touch the animals.

    His child has been to the Green Meadows Petting Farm in Kissimmee twice before and had enjoyed it thoroughly. Green Meadows is a fully interactive petting zoo, with activities that include learning how to milk a cow. The most recent school trip, however, was cancelled after children became critically ill after visiting petting zoos at the Central Florida Fair and the Florida Strawberry Festival in Plant City.

    Many more Florida schools are cancelling trips to petting farms and zoos, and Thomas agrees with the decision.

    "Can you imagine watching your boy feeding a lamb one day, then watching him barely clinging to life on a dialysis machine less than two weeks later? And nobody told you about that risk?" he said. "Nobody told you these infections have been going on at petting zoos around the country for years, and that in Pennsylvania a father had to donate a kidney to his daughter to keep her alive? I literally would go insane."
    Thomas suggests that health warnings around petting zoos are either too vague or do not take natural child behavior into account.
    "Yes, there are signs at petting zoos about eating in the animal pens and hand washing. I assumed they were basic hygiene warnings, like washing hands before dinner. Nobody mentioned consequences," he says.
    He compares two options for signs. Rather than "No eating around the animals and wash your hands" he would prefer to see something to the effect of "These animals may contain a deadly bacteria. If your child eats around them or does not thoroughly wash his hands after petting them, he could go into kidney failure."

    Dr. Marlene Coleman on Petting Zoos & Fairs: Danger at Hand

    Dr. Marlene M. Coleman, MD, is a Board Certified Pediatrician with an emphasis on adolescent medicine and a subspecialty in travel medicine, an Associate Professor of Family Medicine at the University of Southern California Medical school, and an attending physician at the California Institute of Technology.

    Cautionary reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that direct contact with animals may expose little hands to infection by E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, Cryptosporidia, West Nile virus, rabies, avian flu, or other diseases.

    Dr. Coleman mentions that while petting an animal may not in itself pose any threat, young children may quickly transfer bacteria from the animal's skin to their own mouth, eyes or nose, either by direct touching or by handling food with unwashed hands. With a few simple precautions, children can safely enjoy this tender and memorable experience:

    • Ask about certification. The U.S. Department of Agriculture sets standards for proper care of animals. Certification reduces the risk that visitors will get sick.

    • Evaluate risk. Children under 5, the elderly, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible to infection and should be particularly cautious about making contact with farm animals.

    • Wash hands. Everyone should wash hands thoroughly after visiting an animal enclosure even if the animals were not touched. Wash with hot, soapy water, lather for at least 20 seconds with special attention to fingernails, rinse thoroughly, and dry with air or disposable towels. (Baby wipes and waterless hand sanitizers have not yet been proven effective against animal-borne bacteria.)

    • Don't mix petting and eating. Be sure that children finish their lunches and snacks completely before visiting the animals.

    • Watch for hand-mouth contact. Wiping a sniffly nose, biting nails, sucking thumbs (or pacifiers), rubbing eyes, and other types of face-touching should be carefully avoided after touching animals and before washing hands. Also, children should be warned against kissing the animals.

    • Avoid animal droppings. Little children may be intrigued by animal feces, but should avoid touching them. If enclosures seem excessively dirty, cancel your visit rather than risk infection.

    • Bring along clean clothes. Until they're washed in hot, soapy water, clothes can be contaminated with bacteria, so a change of clothes is a good idea.

    • Be aware of symptoms. If symptoms such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea occur within a week of a visit to a petting zoo, see a right away.

    10 Healthy Foods That Can Kill Children

    About 76 million Americans this year will suffer from food-borne illness, and at least 5,000 will die. That's according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Most families try to avoid this by eating healthy foods, but that's not enough - Debra Holtzman, JD, MA, a nationally recognized safety and health expert, warns that there are hidden dangers in even the healthiest of foods.

    Holtzman has a list of tips for safer eating that can be easily followed:

    1. Lettuce: Holtzman recommends that you discard the outer leaves, separate the inner leaves, and wash thoroughly. All raw produce has the possibility of coming into contact with manure or irrigation runoff, and can harbor disease-causing bacteria. This does for organiz fruits and vegetables as well.

    2. Water: The Environmental Protection Agency recommends that private water supplies such as private wells and streams be tested at least once a year for contaminants. Public water utilities send out a consumer confidence report once a year.

    3. Raw sprouts: All sprouts (alfalfa, clover, radish) have been associated with salmonella and E. coli. Cooking thoroughly will kill the bacteria.

    4. Unpasteurized juices, milks, or cheeses: Always purchase pasteurized versions, since that is what kills the bacteria. Unpasteurized versions have been linked to salmonella, E. coli and listeria, and can all lead to death.

    5. Moldy peanuts: Check carefully for discoloration and/or mold. Mold on products such as peanuts, wheat, cereals, and corn create aflatoxins, which have been found to cause liver cancer.

    6. Raw or undercooked shellfish: Shellfish must be cooked thoroughly. Any animal protein, no matter where it comes from, has an increased potential for contamination and resulting illness.

    7. Swordfish, shark, mackerel and tilefish: The FDA advises children and women who are pregnant, nursing, or planning to get pregnant to avoid these fish. These fish have much higher levels of methyl mercury than other fish, and can be harmful to the developing brains of unborn children and young children - affecting cognitive, motor and sensory functions.

    8. Caesar salad: Many recipes for caesar dressing call for raw eggs, which should be avoided. If this is in a restaurant, make sure to ask.

    9. Honey: Never give honey to a baby under the age of one. The bacteria spores in honey can cause infant botulism, that affects the nervous systems of babies.

    10. Wild mushrooms: Only eat mushrooms you've purchased in a grocery store - only specialists can distinguish edible mushrooms from those that are not.

    Holtzman, an attorney, has a master's degree in Occupational Health and Safety, and has nearly two decades of experience in safety and health. She is the safety expert on the Discovery Health Channel's popular show "Make Room for Baby", and her book "The Safe Baby: A Do-it-yourself Guide to Home Safety" (Sentient Publications, 2005) is in bookstores everywhere.

    Douglas Powell Challenges Common Food Safety Misconceptions

    Douglas Powell of the Food Safety Network recently addressed a crowd of about 50 people at a recent Canadian Federation of University Women-sponsored meeting, in which he talked about basic hygiene and good and bad practices in the food production/preparation and fast food service industries. Powell is an associate professor in the Department of Plant Agriculture at the University of Guelph and director of the Food Safety Network.

    There are a host of dangerous food-borne bacteria and illnesses that are out there, from E. coli to mad cow to salmonella, but are for the most part preventable. Doug found that many people had misconceptions about the safety of what they eat and how to properly prepare it.

    He said a nasty and potentially deadly illness that could be lurking in your refrigerator or on the kitchen countertop is listeriosis, more commonly called listeria. The disease affects primarily pregnant women, newborns and adults with weakened immune systems. Listeria is found in soil and water. The bacterium has been found in a variety of raw foods, such as uncooked meats and vegetables, as well as in processed foods that become contaminated after processing, such as soft cheeses and cold cuts at the deli counter. Listeria is killed by pasteurization and cooking; however, in certain ready-to-eat foods such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after cooking but before packaging.

    Regular handwashing as an easy, effective disease prevention tool is a constant refrain from medical and health department officials. Doug said it's estimated that if everyone washed their hands properly, for 20 seconds, we could reduce incidence of illness by 25 per cent. At production/handling facilities like farms and restaurants, he said there should be paper towels, not cloth towels, hand pump soap, not bar soap, and foodstuffs stored in plastic, not wooden, crates, to reduce the incidence of cross-contamination.

    Miles City Processor Pleased by American Association of Meat Processors Intervention

    John MunsellIn January of 2002, John Munsell was notified that a sample of ground beef from his company, Montana Quality Foods and Processing, Inc., had tested positive for E. coli. The Miles City meat processor claims that he had told officials that the ground beef came from a larger plant in Colorado, but that his warnings were ignored.

    Munsell told the Associated Press that when he complained about being ignored by officials, he was told numerous times to rewrite paperwork "on threat of withdrawal of USDA inspectors". He subsequently decided to file a lawsuit against the US Department of Agriculture, citing that they unfairly protect large meatpackers and ignore smaller meat processors.

    Later that year, 19 million pounds of beef were recalled by ConAgra because of E. coli contamination at its Greeley, Colorado, plant.

    Munsell agreed to a voluntary recall of 270 pounds of ground beef that Montana Quality Foods and Processing distributed to stores. Since the recall, the company was inundated with calls from upset and frightened consumers. That, and the negative media coverage has caused Munsell to put his company up for sale.

    The American Association of Meat Processors decided two weeks ago to join Munsell's lawsuit and help cover legal expenses. The AAMP represents about 1,700 smaller meatpackers nationwide.

    On March 15, the group wrote in its newsletter, ""AAMP did not enter this case hastily, recognizing that many of its member plants also sell beef products to other plants for further processing. But it has many members who have been unfairly punished by FSIS (the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service) for actions beyond their control."

    "It denies the agency the chance to describe this as the lawsuit of one disgruntled man," said Munsell to the Associated Press. The AAMP will file to formally join the lawsuit next week.

    Petting Zoos Not Regulated to Protect Against E. coli, HUS

    petting zoo ecoli safetyThe Orlando Sentinel reports that the direct cause of the recent HUS outbreaks in Central Florida is still uncertain, but medical investigators know that one of the common factors have been visits to petting zoos by the children infected.

    Florida requires animals exhibited, whether at zoos or petting zoos, to have an Official Certificate of Veterinary Inspection. The examination is performed by a non-zoo veterinarian, and then verified by state inspectors at each exposition. However, the emphasis is on illnesses that affect the animals. No state or federal agencies regulate the sanitary conditions that people encounter at petting zoos.

    The state Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services is responsible for inspecting farm animals before they are exhibited at fairs as well as petting zoos, but much like the requirements for the Official Certificate of Veterinary Inspection, the examination is for visibly sick animals. Bacteria such as E. coli are carried by animals that are not affected by the bacteria. The USDA also inspects animals and licenses them for exhibitions, but their inspections are geared towards animal welfare - veterinary care, shelter and feeding, rather than actual illnesses.

    "Tests are not geared toward outbreaks like this," said Dr. Thomas Holt, state veterinarian and director of the Division of Animal Industry. "If it's E. coli, it's unlikely [inspectors] would pick it up or a private veterinarian would pick it up," Holt said. "The animal would have looked perfectly healthy."

    Dr. Darryl Heard, the zoo's veterinarian and an associate professor and service chief of the University of Florida's College of Veterinary Medicine, says it is not possible to screen for all potential disease-producing organisms. Disease-producing organisms are present in all human environments, and may be found in domestic animals, as well as those displayed in zoos, Heard said.

    The best preventative care is left in the visitor's hands.

    At the Central Florida Zoo in Sanford, signs encourage visitors to wash their hands after touching animals. Soap and water, as well as antibacterial liquid, are provided. At Uncle Donald's Farm in Lady Lake, staff members tell people at the beginning and end of animal encounters to make sure they wash their hands. They do not allow food or drink in the areas of animal-human interaction. A little humor is often used to get the kids' attention, too, Donna Morris of Uncle Donald's Farm said. They use a little scarecrow in a straw hat holds a sign that reads, "Don't be a dope, wash with soap. Some of these critters have germs."

    New hotline handles food-safety complaints

    food safety hotlineThe Seattle Times reported today on a new hot-line to handle food safety complaints. The new hotline, which has not been widely publicized -- why not?? -- has received about 30 food-safety complaints since it was launched on January 18. According to the paper, these are the types of calls they get:

    • A local woman whose son, allergic to walnuts, nearly ate from a bag of pre-cut salad mix that contained nuts even though they weren't listed as an ingredient. The woman worried that someone else might have an allergic reaction to the mislabeled product.
    • A man discovered mold on the meat-filled breakfast burrito he'd purchased at a convenience store.
    • A woman was dismayed to find larvae in an energy snack bar.
    These are among the calls consumers have made to the new toll-free Food Safety Consumer Complaint Hotline (1-800-843-7890) launched in January by the Washington State Department of Agriculture.

    Goal: to reduce the risk of food-borne illness by making it easier for consumers to lodge complaints and for officials to address them.

    The hotline takes food-safety complaints, then refers them to the appropriate agency.

    Nationally, an estimated 76 million cases of food-borne illness occur every year, though far fewer are actually reported because people often don't realize their symptoms are food-linked. A case of intestinal distress, for instance, may erroneously be attributed to flu instead of salmonella in food.

    Sand or sawdust? Livestock bedding affects food safety, E. coli risks

    livestock cattle sawdust sand food safetyLast week the Ohio State University Extension did a story on how sawdust bedding farmers use for their cows to keep costs down might have a hidden price tag: human health.

    Research done by Ohio State University veterinary scientist Jeff LeJeune suggests there is a direct link between this cheap livestock bedding and E. coli 0157:H7.

    LeJune tested cattle for E. coli O157:H7 during the summer and early fall of 2003 on farms that spread either sand or sawdust in stalls. A total of 3,600 fecal samples from 20 northeast Ohio commercial farms - 10 using sand and 10 using sawdust - were gathered and analyzed. Each farm was visited six times at two-week intervals to collect samples.

    Results showed the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in animals from sand-bedded herds (1.4%) is significantly lower than in animals from sawdust-bedded herds (3.1%). The total number of positive samples in sand-bedded animals (25 out of 1,800) was less than half that found in sawdust-bedded animals (56 out 1,800).

    "The choice of bedding has an unseen but real food safety risk," LeJeune says. "Bedding is one of the first factors affecting incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in dairy cows, as far as management practices, that has been proven through research."
    Cattle manure is considered the primary source of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in foods and the environment. Higher counts of this pathogen on dairy farms are a concern, LeJeune says, because of the increased risk of contamination to the environment, farm workers, farmhouses and people who drink unpasteurized milk. But the risk extends far beyond the farm.
    "Approximately 17% of ground beef comes from dairy cows that go to slaughter," LeJeune says. "One cow contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 that has been sent to the slaughterhouse can contaminate many other cows, and this can result in the contamination of millions of pounds of ground beef. One cow can excrete about one million E. coli organisms in each gram of feces. And it only takes less than 1,000 of those bacteria to make a person sick."
    Why does sand beat sawdust?
    Why cows on sand harbor less E. coli O157:H7 than those on sawdust is a complex question, LeJeune says. Under laboratory conditions, sawdust bedding not only yielded higher counts of E. coli O157:H7 than sand bedding, but it also harbored the pathogen longer. This was confirmed by on-farm sampling.

    The number of days when feces tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 was higher in sawdust-bedded herds (22 out of 60 days) as compared to sand-bedded herds (13 out of 60 days).

    One explanation may be that sand bedding contains less available organic matter and nutrients than sawdust. That means bacteria can't reproduce as easily . Sand also has lower water content, which is believed to inhibit bacterial growth in fresh bedding.

    But, there's another possible explanation:
    Bacterial contaminants present in bedding can be liberated into the air when handled, distributed or removed from the barn, LeJeune says. Airborne particles of dust are usually trapped in the upper airway and then swallowed. In addition, E. coli O157:H7 carried on dust particles may contaminate feed, water sources or the animals' hide.

    The results of the study were published in the January 2005 issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

    Mad Cow Disease Funding to Strengthen Security of American Food Supply

    As I touched on in my last post, Two UC schools to study food safety, the US government is investing a further $2 million to enhance research on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease") and $5 million to establish a Food Safety Research and Response Network.

    Agriculture secretary Mike Johanns says:

    "In a rapidly changing world marketplace, science is the universal language that must guide our rules and policies, rather than subjectivity or politics," said . "Expanding our research efforts to improve the understanding of BSE and other food-related illness pathogens will strengthen the security of our nation's food supply. These projects will help improve food safety by enhancing our research partnerships with the academic community and establish another tool to aid our response to food-related disease outbreaks."

    The further investment signals the United States' determination to guarantee complete safety of its beef supply in order to regain lost US beef export markets. Japan for example banned US beef and beef products after a single case of BSE in an 8-year-old cow imported into the United States from Canada was detected in December 2003.

    The US is now calling on Japan to remove its restrictions on US beef and beef products immediately, in accordance with the World Trade Organisation's (WTO) sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures.

    The announcement of further investment is therefore a further step in the battle to convince former markets that the most stringent BSE safeguards are in place.

    The BSE research funds will be used for new BSE projects and facilities and build upon President Bush's fiscal year 2006 budget proposal, which would increase BSE research by $7.3 million or 155 per cent over 2005 funding levels.

    The newly funded projects include international collaborations with the Veterinary Laboratory Agency in the UK to study the biology of the BSE agent, the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory to evaluate present diagnostic tools for detecting atypical BSE cases and the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain to compare North American and European BSE strains.

    About $750,000 will go toward a biocontainment facility now under construction at the ARS National Animal Disease Centre in Ames, Iowa. These facilities will eventually allow the long-term study of BSE infection in cattle and other large animals, which can take a decade or more.

    Two UC schools to study food safety

    Food Safety Research and Response NetworkInland Valley Daily Bulletin reported Sunday that two California universities will be part of a project to study food safety.

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture said it had awarded $5 million to 18 colleges and universities to set up a Food Safety Research and Response Network. Headed by North Carolina State University, the network will have 50 food safety experts studying E. coli, salmonella, campylobacter and other pathogens. Researchers will focus on where in the environment they are found and how they infect herds.

    Among the universities included in the project are the University of California campuses at Berkeley and Davis. The group also will serve as a response team to help control major episodes of food-related illnesses, such as agricultural bioterrorism.

    The government also announced it will spend an additional $2 million on research into mad cow disease.

    MSU study takes new approach to meat safety

    The road to insight can lead through a feed yard, according to MSU News Service. Researchers at Montana State University are studying the relationship between a strong immune system in calves and safer meat in the grocery store. The approach is a new one in the fight against E. coli.
    ecoli research
    As he explained his research recently, Kim Skinner walked through the livestock yards at MSU's farm in Bozeman and warned against stepping in the substance that might politely be called cattle scat. He walked past a few cows that have had a permanent opening in their sides for about 10 years. Researchers use the cows to examine the contents of their rumen, the largest compartment in their stomachs. The hole is usually plugged and doesn't bother the animals. But the rumen produces a powerful odor, even to someone like Skinner, a master's degree student in ruminant nutrition.

    Fortunately for Skinner, he's using 24 intact heifers for his two-month study into the connection between nutrition and E. coli. Newly weaned, the calves came from MSU's Red Bluff Research Ranch west of Bozeman.

    The goal is to find a way to protect people from E. coli 0157:H7 that can contaminate meat and cause consumers to become sick.

    Most E. coli is shed through animal feces. Focusing on early nutrition is a different approach from traditional efforts that concentrate on sanitation in packing plants to reduce the rate of E. coli shedding, said John Paterson, Skinner's advisor and the MSU Extension Beef Specialist. Experts usually address post-harvest conditions rather than pre-harvest.

    The animal science major is studying carcass trends over the past five years for cattle in the Montana Beef Network. After graduating in the fall of 2005, Skinner may apply his knowledge in the beef industry and maybe on the family ranch. His twin brother, Tim, has been working there since graduating from MSU in the spring of 2003.

    E. coli, HUS Survivor Inspires Raised Public Awareness in British Columbia

    kidney foundation of canadaJust over a decade ago, public knowledge surrounding E.coli O157:H7 was limited largely to the 1993 mess in which three children died after eating hamburgers at a Jack in the Box restaurant in Washington state. Looking back now, Vancouver resident Anne Nickerson says that she had heard of the illness but she certainly had no idea that she would soon become a crusader in raising awareness of the disease that nearly killed her infant daughter a year later.

    In August 1994, Nickerson and her husband, Larry Jackie, and their three-year-old girl, Lauren, attended a picnic where burgers were the main dish. Within a couple of days, Lauren started experiencing diarrhea. Nickerson thought it was a bad case of the flu, but her daughter's diarrhea soon turned bloody. Less than a week after that summer gathering, Lauren had been admitted to B.C. Children's Hospital and diagnosed with hemolytic-uremic syndrome, a complication that sometimes arises from an E.coli infection, kills red blood cells, and causes kidney failure. Little Lauren, whose kidneys had shut down, was put on dialysis and spent six weeks in hospital.

    After being discharged from hospital, Lauren spent another month on dialysis.

    From there, Lauren was put on medication for high blood pressure and started to follow a low-sodium, -protein, and -potassium diet. She's now 13 and, at least by all outward appearances, a "normal" teenager: she has an 11-year-old brother and loves dancing, skiing, and playing volleyball. But the consequences of her E.coli infection remain.

    In the Nickersons' case, HUS introduced the family to living-donor transplants. Nearly two years ago, Anne donated one of her kidneys to Lauren. But chances are good Lauren will need another transplant 20 or so years down the road.

    To help raise awareness of E.coli and HUS, Nickerson and her husband, along with the Kidney Foundation of Canada's B.C. branch, started the Jackie Family Fund in 1995. Money raised goes toward publishing educational brochures, like E.coli Bacteria: What You Need to Know, which are available through the foundation and at some schools, seniors centres, and grocery stores. The pamphlet outlines ways to prevent infection, such as washing your hands with hot, soapy water after using the washroom or changing diapers and before preparing food, especially if a family member has diarrhea; and always thawing meat in the microwave or fridge, never at room temperature.

    Are E. coli O157:H7 illnesses going down?

    safetables.org fighting foodborne illnessSafeTables.org reported this week that the United States Department of Agriculture's newly released data shows a precipitous drop, not in illnesses, but in ground beef samples that tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 in 2004 - the second such drop the USDA has announced in two years. S.T.O.P. members are simultaneously hopeful and troubled because the data collection system that backs these claims is fundamentally flawed.

    "It's hard to say whether this is real or not," says Barbara Kowalcyk, a professional biostatistician and S.T.O.P. Board member who lost her son to the disease. "The testing is still flawed. The samples are not randomly selected, it's not appropriately designed..." The end result, Kowalcyk says, is that the tests have no bearing on the actual prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in the ground beef consumers buy in the stores.

    In fact, Kowalcyk was so appalled by the study design last February that she volunteered to prepare an hour-long presentation for USDA economists. A year later, only a few of the needed corrective actions have been taken. FSIS' release backs its claims by noting that E. coli O157:H7 recalls and illness reports have gone down, but because both of those numbers are directly impacted by the testing program results, neither cannot be counted as reliable indicators. As S.T.O.P. continues to answer heartbreaking calls from victims and families of E. coli O157:H7 in 2005, there is reason for hope but equal reason for increased USDA vigilance against the deadly bug. In the words of Barbara Kowalcyk, "If you don't look for something, you're not likely to find it."

    E. coli a Risk for Recreational Swimmers

    swimming e. coli risksAlex Cukan, UPI Science Writer, reports on the health threats of recreational swimming:

    There is a growing U.S. public health threat from recreational water illnesses caused by germs such as cryptosporidium, shigella, and E. coli O157:H7.

    "People need to keep in mind they share the water with everyone else in the pool who may spread illness, including kids in diapers," says Dr. Michael Beach, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
    CDC asks swimmers to forego swimming when they have diarrhea. It also recommends swimmers refrain from getting pool water in their mouths and practice good hygiene by showering before swimming and washing their hands after visiting the restroom or changing diapers.

    E. coli: secret danger of playing in the countryside

    Helen Puttick, a Health Correspondent for Hands Clean, did a story this week on a two-year-old boy sickened with E. coli from what was supposed to be a fun playdate on the farm.

    "... a few carefree moments exploring the countryside of East Lothian as a small child has forever changed the life of Fraser Imrie, and turned his garden into a danger zone where Fiona, his mother, is afraid to let her children play."
    Just before his third birthday, Fraser was poisoned by E. coli O157:H7, which is carried by animals and spread through their droppings.

    Now, 10 years after the infection paralysed the toddler below the neck, the Scottish Executive has launched a campaign to raise awareness of the bacterium, and encourage visitors to the countryside to wash their hands as often as possible.

    From the article:

    "I can still see him as he looked that day," she said. "His eyes were sunk in his face and he could not move." She took him to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, where he slipped into a coma and spent a month in intensive care. When she finally took Fraser home, he was a prisoner in a body which would no longer obey messages from his brain.
    Parents, teachers and youth groups such as guide and scout packs are the target of the awareness drive, which comes amid concern that Scotland has the highest rate of e-coli 0157 infections in the UK. Like many, Mrs Imrie, from North Berwick, was not aware of the risks posed by the micro-organism which livestock harbour without suffering themselves.

    Today, Fraser is an articulate 12-year-old who attends mainstream school, but he also needs round-the-clock care. He may have some learning difficulties, but it is his physical mobility which has been destroyed by E. coli. He cannot sit up unaided.

    Fraser has two younger siblings, Lachlan, 10, and Iona, eight. Mrs Imrie is vigilant about protecting them from their environment, seeking advice after sheep wandered into their garden and being told not to let her children play in the grass for three months.

    Marler Clark Client Brianne Kiner, Jack in the Box E. coli Survivor

    A rise in the number of Escherichia coli cases requires diligent detection efforts, Debby Giusti, MT(ASCP) in a recent article by journalist Debby Giusti about Marler Clark client Brianne Kiner.

    Ten-year-old Brianne Kiner spent 40 days in a coma in 1993, while teams of medical personnel worked round-the-clock to keep her alive. Brianne has little memory of the 118 days she was on kidney dialysis or the 80 units of blood she received, nor does she recall the numerous times the doctors told her mother that Brianne wouldn't live through the night. What Brianne does remember is that her hospital ordeal left her with the dubious recognition of being the sickest child in the United States to survive Escherichia coli 0157:H7.1

    Over a 3-month period, more than 700 children and adults in four states in the northwest became ill after eating at various Jack in the Box restaurants. They suffered severe stomach cramps and diarrhea, often bloody, and close to 200 of the ill had to be hospitalized. Fifty-five cases progressed into hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a condition that can lead to kidney failure and even death. Children and the elderly are most at risk for HUS, and in the 1993 outbreak, four children died.2

    Epidemiologists quickly recognized that those infected had eaten undercooked hamburgers served at more than 90 Jack in the Box restaurants in the four state area.2 The beef shipped to the restaurants was found to be contaminated with E. coli 0157, and to date, the outbreak remains the largest in U.S. history caused by the organism.

    In the week of her exposure, Brianne had visited the same Jack in the Box twice, eating a hamburger each time. The double dose no doubt compounded the severity of her case. Some speculate that if the burgers had been cooked only 30 seconds longer, Brianne would not have become ill.

    Spending nearly 2 months in the pediatric intensive care unit of Seattle Children's Hospital and Medical Center and a total of 189 days in the hospital, Brianne suffered three strokes, 10,000 seizures and every organ in her body failed. Her initial hospital bill totaled $1.2 million.1 No matter what the cost, her mother calls her daughter's survival a miracle. The medical staff believes Brianne's age helped her win the fight against the terrible pathogen.

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    Soap cleans up in study

    Jessica Rocha of the News Observer's recent article "Soap Cleans Up In Study" says:

    The tried-and-true method of keeping hands clean turns out to be better than new-fangled antibacterial gels and hand wipes at getting rid of bacteria and viruses - even if it's just a 10-second splash.

    That's the word from researchers at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. They compared soap and water to alcohol-based antibacterial rubs and hand wipes commonly found in hospitals. Their findings are published in the March issue of American Journal of Infection Control.

    Soap and water works better over repeated use because water removes germs by washing them down the drain, said Emily Sickbert-Bennett, a public-health epidemiologist for UNC Hospitals, who helped write the study.

    With waterless rubs and wipes, you never rinse your hands. You are just rubbing a chemical into your hand and letting it dry.

    The old commonsense approach might not change how things are done in hospitals, the food-service industry or in other places where hand-washing is equally important, because hand-rub solutions are still considered highly effective, especially if there's no available alternative.

    Engel said hand gels are less effective if hands are visibly soiled, such as when children became violently sick by a strain of E. coli bacteria linked to a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair in the fall. A Department of Agriculture task force is reviewing petting-zoo sanitation policies.

    UC expert forecasts microbial food safety regulations

    Even though California's fresh produce industries have a good record in voluntary compliance, federal regulations for microbial food-safety are on their way, according to University of California postharvest specialist Trevor Suslow.

    Speaking to a group of vegetable growers and PCAs there recently, Trevor Suslow said the regulatory climate has been shaped by national consumer concerns after well-publicized outbreaks of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and other microorganisms.

    Suslow said he is "trying to build awareness of coming mandatory GAPs," or good agricultural practices, for microbial food-safety in fresh-market fruits and vegetables, just like those now required for chemical or physical safety.

    GAPs, he explained, are becoming a common marketing tool expected by food-safety conscious buyers, and "there's an expectation for record keeping that was not common 10 years ago."

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    Further Research Studies Support E. coli Cattle Vaccine Efficacy

    Today Bioniche Life Sciences Inc. a research-based, technology-driven Canadian biopharmaceutical company, announced that positive results were seen in the three latest University of Nebraska feedlot studies utilizing the E. coli O157:H7 cattle vaccine.

    In one study, with cattle receiving three doses of vaccine, there were 73% fewer animals detectably shedding E. coli O157:H7 bacteria in their manure. Another three-dose study analyzed colonization in the terminal rectal junction in the cattle, where the bacteria are known to colonize and reproduce. After vaccination, 97% fewer animals had detectable bacterial colonization. A third study, involving 19 feedlots and 21,691 cattle, demonstrated that the vaccine was effective in commercial feedlot settings. In that study, vaccinated cattle were 75% less likely to have detectable bacterial colonization.

    This is the third year of data generated through clinical trials of this vaccine, and we are seeing consistently satisfactory results in terms of its effectiveness in feedlot settings where E. coli O157:H7 bacteria are prevalent. The results of the latest University of Nebraska studies will be published in a peer-reviewed journal later this year.

    E. coli questions

    Why are children more susceptible?

    Because children are less likely to have developed the sanitary habits necessary to prevent the illness. Proper hand-washing, sanitation and awareness are the main ways to stop E. coli from spreading. Most children have no qualms about picking up a dirty pacifier, wiping the goat straw off and popping it back in their mouth. The disease is equally severe in the elderly, but they're less likely to pop a dirty pacifier into their mouths.

    Are all animals capable of spreading the disease?

    All mammals, especially cattle, are capable of spreading E. coli. It also transfers between people with improper sanitation. That's how a lot of kids can get sick quickly.

    Can't they test for the disease at petting zoos?

    Yes, they can. The problem is any animal could test clean on one day, then turn around and develop the bacteria overnight without making the animal sick. That's why proper sanitation is a better deterrent than testing the animals.

    Douglas County proposal to move fair food booths for E. coli prevention draws mixed reactions

    Last month I posted about John Sowell's News Review story on Fair safety issues prompting Douglas County Fair officials to rethink booth locations. In a new article, John talks about the attention being drawn to the plan to move fair booths.

    The News Review reports that reactions were mixed over the proposal to move the food booths at the 2006 Douglas County Fair away from a pig barn and relocate them next to a grass-covered area near Kidsville.

    Some of the food vendors who attended a meeting Wednesday with Fairgrounds Director Harold Phillips and Dan Hults, the fairgrounds operations manager, were nervous about leaving their dedicated spots along an alley leading south from near the main gate. Others welcomed the prospect of moving to an area they see as more inviting for customers and that could lead to increased sales.

    From the article:

    Phillips conceded that the risk for an E. coli outbreak at the fair might be small and he was unable to explain why there have been a rash of fair incidents involving E. coli in recent years when fairs have been held for more than 100 years with few problems. However, he said he didn't want to take any chances when it would be easy to relocate the food booths to an area south of the Floral Building.

    "I don't want to go to North Carolina and argue with some kid on dialysis about how he got E. coli," Phillips said. "I don't know why we can go 10 years and be clean, why we can go 25 years and be clean, why we can go 50 years."

    No changes will be made this year, but fair officials want to move the food booths at the 2006 fair to lower the risks of an E. coli bacteria outbreak. For the past few years, officials from both the fairgrounds and the Douglas County Health Department have been concerned about having the booths next to the Pavilion Arena, where pigs being shown by area youngsters are kept during the fair.

    Three years ago, 80 children and adults were infected by an E. coli outbreak at the Lane County Fair in Eugene. The outbreak, the largest in state history, was traced to dust produced by dried animal feces in the small animal barn.

    Last October, 108 people were sickened by an E. coli contamination at the North Carolina State Fair. Fourteen of those stricken had their kidneys shut down and four children had to be placed on dialysis. The outbreak was tied to a petting zoo at the fair.

    E. coli Report by USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service

    USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service released data showing a 43.3 percent drop in the percentage of E. coli O157:H7-positive ground beef regulatory samples collected in 2004 compared with samples collected during the previous year. Of the 8,010 samples collected and analyzed in 2004, 0.17 percent tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 -- down from 0.30 in 2003, 0.78 in 2002, 0.84 in 2001, and 0.86 in 2000. Between 2000 and 2004, the percentage of positive samples in FSIS regulatory sampling has declined by more than 80 percent, FSIS noted in a release. The news is even more noteworthy when one considers that the total number of samples collected in 2004 increased by more than 21 percent.

    In April 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in its annual report on foodborne illness in the United States, reported a 36 percent reduction in illnesses from E. coli O157:H7 in 2003 compared to 2002. The number of FSIS recall actions related to E. coli O157:H7 also continued to drop. There were six recalls related to E. coli O157:H7 in 2004 compared to 12 in 2003 and 21 in 2002.

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    U.S. Shows Progress on E. coli and Listeria

    Northwest Food Processors Association Food Safety News reports that a consortium of scientists, government regulators and food industry folks traded strategy in early February as part of annual beef industry meetings. The good news, said Dan Englejohn, a deputy administrator of FDA, is signifi cant declines in two of the most frequent foodborne illnesses -- Salmonella and E. Coli.

    When the latest statistics for Listeria were assembled in 2004, it was down to 0.26 cases per 100,000 people. "Listeria is well controlled in the facilities we control," said Englejohn. The problem seems to be in delicatessen and sandwich facilities where meat is sliced. He said the FDA is wrestling with the issue because it doesn't want to get into sampling microbes in retail coolers, a fi eld left to state and local government health inspectors. Englejohn said across all food products, inspectors are fi nding Salmonella in fewer than 3.8 percent of samples taken, compared with 10 percent just a few years earlier. The bad news, he said, is an increase of Salmonella in three classes of poultry.

    Inspectors Finding Less E. Coli In Hamburger

    The federal government reports a dramatic drop in the number of illnesses caused by a potentially deadly bacteria found in ground beef. It also reports a dramatic drop in the number of contaminated meat samples discovered -- even with more samples tested.

    The E. coli bacteria infects about 73,000 people each year and kills about 60 of them.

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that the number of E. coli infections declined 36 percent from 2002 to 2003, the most recent dates for which figures are available.

    The Agriculture Department said there was a 43 percent decline in the number of samples of contaminated meat. The department credits recent upgrades in plant procedures.

    Prepare Ground Beef Safely:

    -- Ground beef patties should be cooked to 160 F.

    -- Use an accurate, digital, instant-read thermometer to be sure of the temperature.

    -- Color is not a reliable indicator of the cooking temperature.

    FSIS Ground Beef Sampling Shows Substantial E. coli O157:H7 Decline In 2004

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service today released data showing a 43.3% drop in the percentage of E. coli O157:H7 positive ground beef regulatory samples collected in 2004 compared with the previous year.

    Of the 8010 samples collected and analyzed in 2004, 0.17 percent tested positive for E. coli O157:H7, down from 0.30 in 2003, 0.78 in 2002, 0.84 in 2001 and 0.86 in 2000. Between 2000 and 2004, the percentage of positive samples in FSIS regulatory sampling has declined by more than 80 percent.

    In April 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in its annual report on foodborne illness in America, reported a 36 percent reduction in illnesses from E. coli O157:H7 in 2003 compared to 2002. The number of FSIS recall actions related to E. coli O157:H7 also continued to drop. There were six recalls related to E. coli O157:H7 in 2004 compared to 12 in 2003 and 21 in 2002.

    "The reduction in positive E. coli O157:H7 regulatory samples demonstrates the continuing success of our agency's strong, science based policies aimed at reducing pathogens in America's meat, poultry and egg products," said Acting FSIS Administrator Dr. Barbara Masters. "Improvements in regulatory oversight and training have paid dividends, and we are committed to building on this strong foundation."

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    Food Poisoning Symptoms and Keeping Your Family Safe

    Last summer a 3 year old girl died and 118 others got extremely sick after being stricken with E. coli poisoning at the New York county fair. The E. coli bacteria had seeped into the water supply from the run-off of a cattle farm close to the fair where the cattle were infected with the deadly bacteria. The people at the fair who were infected came in contact with the bacteria either by drinking the water or eating something rinsed in the contaminated water.

    According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control about 76 million people per year in the U.S. will suffer from food poisoning. Of those, 5000 will die. Some forms of food poisoning turn into a condition called Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and this can damage blood vessels, create kidney failure, strokes, coma or blindness.

    Food-borne illness or food poisoning is frequently not recognized because of it's resemblance to the stomach flu. Both food poisoning and the stomach flu share these symptoms: headache, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever. Food poisoning symptoms don't necessarily show up immediately after eating the contaminated food; they can show up as late as 36 hours later. The one symptom that is unique to food poisoning and not the flu is bloody diarrhea- go to the doctor's immediately with this symptom. Left untreated some types of food poisoning can be fatal, so seek immediate medical attention particularly if the symptoms are present in a child.

    How can you reduce your chances of acquiring food-poisoning? By knowing how it is contracted and avoiding risky situations. Most people have been educated on the proper handling and cooking of meat products to reduce salmonella poisoning (heating it to 140 degrees and proper washing of preparation surfaces). Food items such as salads and desserts that sit out for long periods of time are often the cause of food poisoning. Also shellfish harvested from sewage contaminated waters can be infected with bacteria - so avoiding this food is wise. Beware of the bagged salads that are pre-cut in the grocery stores; they still need to be washed before eating to rinse any bacterial contamination off.

    What is E. coli?

    Although E. coli has been often in the news as a foodborne pathogen, the vast majority of E. coli strains are harmless, including those commonly used by scientists in genetics laboratories. E. coli is found in the family of bacteria named Enterobacteriaceae, which is informally referred to as the enteric bacteria. Other enteric bacteria are the Salmonella bacteria (also a very large family, with many different members), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella, which many researchers consider to be part of the E. coli family.

    E. coli bacteria were discovered in the human colon in 1885 by German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich. Dr. Escherich also showed that certain strains of the bacteria were responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis - an important public health discovery. Although the bacteria were initially called Bacterium coli, the name was later changed to Escherichia coli to honor its discoverer.

    Soon after its discovery, E. coli became a very popular lab organism because scientists could grow it quickly on both simple and complex mediums. E. coli can grow in air, using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor (aerobically) or without air, by what is called fermentative metabolism (aerobically). The ability to grow both aerobically and anaerobically classifies the E. coli bacteria as a facultative anaerobe.

    Increasing Product Safety

    By Richard Mitchell

    A host of rinse and chill technologies help packers and processors to further enhance the wholesomeness of their products.

    Interventions designed to kill bacteria during the rinse-and-chill cycles in meat and poultry plants are being given greater emphasis by manufacturers and users of antimicrobial treatments. Plant operators are incorporating an array of sophisticated pathogen-killing technologies that can be applied multiple times during processing to minimize contamination.

    "Treating meat and poultry with antimicrobial agents is a key way to improve food safety by reducing bacteria on carcasses," says Keith Johnson, marketing manager, meat and poultry markets, for Ecolab Inc., a St. Paul, MN-based developer of anti-pathogen solutions.

    Ecolab, which last summer merged with Redmond, WA-based Alcide Corp., is a supplier of the Sanova and InspexxTM 100 rinse-and-chill applications. Sanova developed by Alcide, contains acidified sodium chlorite, and it intended to combat such pathogens in poultry and red meat plants as Salmonella, E.coli O157:H7, Listeria, and Campylobacter.

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    Food Safety Summit to Feature 70 Speakers and 2 Dozen New Sessions

    The 7th Annual Food Safety Summit and Expo next month will focus on the latest developments in protecting the nation's food supply from being compromised by any potential food safety or food security incidents, including everything from E. coli to Salmonella to intentional contamination by terrorists, according to the organizers here.

    More than 1,800 food manufacturers, food processors, restaurant executives and food retailers are expected to attend the Summit on March 16-18, at the Washington DC Convention Center. The Conference program has been developed in conjunction with the Food Products Association (FPA), the National Restaurant Association (NRA), and other institutions.

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    Fair safety issues prompt Douglas County Fair officials to rethink booth locations

    The News Review reports on fair safety concerns over having food served from booths located next to a pig barn at the Douglas County Fair. Health risks, such as E. coli, have air officials considering moving food vendors to another location.

    David Bussen, director of the Environmental Health Services Division of the Douglas County Health Department, says the presence of E. coli bacteria in the feces of farm animals worries county heath officials who fear the bacteria could be transmitted to people and sicken them.

    There have been long-standing concerns with dirt from animal stalls blowing over food preparation areas in the booths. That dust and bacteria that could make people sick. Food courts should be moved away from the animal barn.

    Yet no changes will be made to the placement of food booths at this summer's fair. The soonest food vendors could be relocated would be for the 2006 fair, Fairgrounds Director Harold Phillips told the paper. The Fair Board would have to approve any change to booth placement.

    Last October, 108 people became sick from E. coli contamination during the North Carolina State Fair. The illnesses, in which 14 people suffered from their kidneys shutting down and four children were placed on dialysis, were linked to a petting zoo at the fair.

    In 2002, 80 children and adults were infected by an E. coli outbreak at the Lane County Fair in Eugene. The outbreak, the largest in Oregon history, was traced to the fair's small animal barn.

    Since the Lane County incident, local health and fair officials have taken steps to reduce the risk of E. coli contamination. They installed six hand-washing stations outside the animal barns, next to an arena and in the Kidsville area south of the food court.

    Signs encouraging people to wash their hands were also posted. In addition, a health education campaign was begun to alert youngsters involved with 4-H and FFA to the dangers and to encourage them to take precautions.

    When the health inspector calls

    Chris Tribbey, Napa Valley Register City Editor, did a story today on the relationship between the restaurants of Napa County and the inspectors from the Napa County Department of Environmental Health. They have an alliance, albeit an uneasy one. Both want good things for the restaurants, but being inspected isn't a restaurant owner or manager's idea of a good time.

    "We catch people when they least expect us. That's part of our game plan," said Ruben Oropeza, the county's environmental management coordinator.

    To get an understanding of how restaurants are inspected and graded, the Register went with Oropeza on an inspection of Celadon, a high-end restaurant and bar in downtown Napa. Normally, restaurant inspections are unannounced, however in this case the health department contacted Celadon and secured an agreement to let the newspaper come along.

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    Illinois Governor Blagojevich Announces Electronic Disease Reporting For Hospitals, Health Care Providers

    Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich today announced that hospitals, doctors and other health care providers now can electronically report infectious diseases to the state and local health departments as part of a continuing effort to improve the state's ability to respond to public health emergencies:

    "We are committed to strengthening the capacity of our public health system to meet health threats," the Governor said. "The roll out of this electronic disease reporting system to private health care providers enhances the state's ability to quickly identify health problems and direct the appropriate response."
    The inclusion of hospitals and other health care providers in the Illinois-National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (I-NEDSS) began this month. The system was initially launched in March 2004 so the state's 95 local health departments could be efficiently and securely linked through a Web-based computer connection to the Illinois Department of Public Health. Future applications will allow laboratories and others to utilize I-NEDSS. Chicago also is developing an electronic reporting system with its share of federal bioterrorism funds for the city's hospitals and health care providers that is not yet ready to go on-line. When Chicago's system is in place, it will be designed to share data with the state's I-NEDSS.

    Benefit planned for Crookston E. coli victim

    The Crookston Times reports that Crookston High School Leo Club and Pirates Cove are teaming up to raise funds for Bre Ann Fjeld, who survived a recent bout with a severe case of E. coli poisoning while in California. Bre Ann's mother, Belinda, teaches music at CHS.

    "Open Your Heart," a Valentine's Day benefit for Fjeld, will take place on Monday, Feb. 14 from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. in the CHS Commons, prior to the start of the Pirate boys' basketball game against Fertile.

    Cleaned fruits and veggies shouldn't make you sick

    We've all read or heard about safe preparation of meats to avoid food poisoning, particularly ground beef, pork and poultry. According to Ann Draughon, co-director of the University of Tennessee Food Safety Center of Excellence, we should be as careful when preparing fresh fruits and vegetables.

    Most people associate food-borne illness with improperly cooked foods of animal origin, but the fact is, the number of people getting sick from eating fruits and vegetables contaminated with pathogens has doubled since 1990.

    According to the congressional General Accounting Office, an estimated 20 to 25 percent of annual food illness cases are caused by vegetables and fruits. Meat, poultry, pork and eggs still cause about 40 to 45 percent of illnesses. Seafood and cheeses also account for a large percentage of food-borne illnesses.

    While cooking produce would kill most bacteria, many vegetables are preferred raw. More and more Americans are enjoying the year-round availability of fruits and vegetables harvested internationally. About 20 to 80 percent of certain types of produce are imported into the U.S. from other counties, especially in the winter months.

    Consider the following food safety practices to reducing your risk of food-borne illness:

    • Wash fruits and vegetables carefully under cool, running water using a brush to remove surface soil. Do not use detergents because they may leave harmful residues.
    • Remove and discard the outermost leaves of a head of lettuce or cabbage. Wash each lettuce leaf under running water. Scrub melons thoroughly. Do not clean by submerging the entire head of lettuce, melon or other fruits and vegetables in water. You may just be rinsing in contaminated water.
    • Sprays and washes that claim to clean fruits and vegetables may remove pesticide residues, but do not remove all microorganisms.
    • Beware of contaminating foods while slicing them on the cutting board. Bacteria can grow well on the cut surface of many fruits and vegetables. Be especially careful with melons. Avoid leaving cut produce at room temperature for several hours. Keep them refrigerated. Use a separate cutting board for produce and raw meat products. Boards must be sanitized by soaking in a bleach solution or using heat in the dishwasher.
    • Don't be a source of pathogens yourself. Wash you hands thoroughly with soap and water before preparing food and between handling raw and ready-to-eat foods. Avoid preparing food if you have a diarrheal illness. Changing a baby's diaper during food preparation is a bad idea and can easily spread illness if hands are not washed thoroughly after the change.

    Food handlers' gloves may not mean cleaner food

    CIDRAP News reports that the use of gloves by fast-food restaurant workers might be expected to result in cleaner food, but that isn't necessarily the case, according to a recent study published in the Journal of Food Protection.

    Testing of flour tortillas bought at about 140 fast-food restaurants in Tulsa, Okla., and Wichita, Kan., showed that those handled by gloved workers were more than twice as likely to have coliform bacteria on them as were those handled by gloveless workers, the report says. However, the number of samples was not large enough to make the difference statistically significant. A finding of coliform bacteria (a general term for intestinal microbes) indicates that pathogenic bacteria could be present.

    "Overall, the results of this study suggest that use of gloves by food handlers does not reduce bacterial contamination of foods and might even increase the risk of microbial contamination," says the report by Robert A. Lynch and colleagues at the University of Oklahoma Department of Occupational and Environmental Health in Oklahoma City.

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    Fast-food 'natural' chicken takes wing on safety fears

    From a USA Today report: Fast food's next better-for-you twist has wings: "natural" chicken.

    That's chicken with no additives. Some say it's tastier and healthier. It's certainly pricier. Arby's is about to announce plans to be the first national fast-food chain to sell only natural chicken. The move comes at a time when chicken of all types has emerged as fast food's hottest growth area.

    More fast-foodies are expected to follow Arby's. Two fast-casual chains, Panera Bread and Chipotle, are testing natural chicken. A few regional chains have sold it for years, including Chick-fil-A and Chicken Out.

    The label "natural" means the food contains no hormones, antibiotics or artificial ingredients and is "minimally" processed, says the U.S. Department of Agriculture. That's less stringent than rules for "organic" - and easier for fast-food chains to accommodate.

    Growing consumer interest in natural chicken and other natural meats has one key driver: safety concerns. Health concerns about everything from mad cow disease to E. coli bacteria have consumers seeking higher-quality meat, even at a fast-food joint.

    AMI Foundation funds four new projects to reduce pathogens in meat products

    According to an AMI Media Release, the Board of Directors of the American Meat Institute (AMI) Foundation has approved funding for four, new projects that explore methods of reducing the prevalence of pathogens. The projects address the reduction of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes.

    The collaborative project of Washington State University and Lakeside Research is entitled Role of Super-Shedders in Determining Feedlot Pen Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. The goal of the project is to determine that 'super-shedder' cattle are responsible for increased levels and spread of O157 in the feedlot.

    The Kansas State University project, Elimination of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Beef Trimmings Prior to Grinding Using a Controlled Phase Carbon Dioxide System: Process Validation and Quality Determinations after Packaging and Retail Display, seeks to validate the effectiveness of Controlled Phase Carbon Dioxide and determine the mechanism of action for
    reducing E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on beef trimmings used for ground beef manufacturing.

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    The Jungle's new century

    A human rights group has looked closely at a major industry in one country and found safety conditions like those of a century ago, systematic disrespect for workers' rights and widespread disregard of international labor standards. Yes, conditions for U.S. meatpacking workers are scandalous.

    Human Rights Watch last week released a comprehensive study of the meatpacking and processing industry. It's a damning report that shows the widespread effects on workers of constant corporate cost cutting, union busting and political irresponsibility.

    Worse, as Human Rights Watch acknowledges, much of the picture was already well documented, both in official papers and previous studies. The Human Rights Watch report gives particular credit to the chilling portrayal of workplace conditions in meat plants provided a few years ago by Eric Schlosser in "Fast Food Nation."

    As the Human Rights Watch report, written by Lance Compa, and Schlosser both observe, conditions today sadly mirror those in Upton Sinclair's classic work, "The Jungle." Sinclair's portrayal of meatpacking plants, which will reach its 100th anniversary next year, led to federal legislation that improved conditions for workers and made meat considerably safer for consumers.

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    PETA Says Focus Should be on Preventing Life-Threatening Disease

    PETA had hoped to place its brand-new billboard-- showing a middle-aged couple next to the tagline "Meat Causes Cancer ... Go Vegetarian"-- in Southern Pines in time for the North Carolina Meat Processors Association Conference next week, but it was rejected by the area's outdoor advertising company, despite the fact that the ad has been displayed in Baltimore, Houston, and Trenton, N.J. PETA wanted to remind residents that "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."

    Studies published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, the International Journal of Cancer, the American Journal of Epidemiology, and many other medical periodicals provide evidence that eating meat increases a person's risk of developing cancer and that a diet based on grains, fruits, and vegetables significantly decreases that risk. Consumption of meat and other animal products has also been linked to heart disease, strokes, obesity, and diabetes, as well as life-threatening bacterial infections such as salmonella, E. coli, and listeria. And of course, the best way to avoid contracting the human form of mad cow disease is to adopt a humane, environmentally friendly, healthful vegetarian diet.

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    What is E. coli?

    Although E. coli has been often in the news as a foodborne pathogen, the vast majority of E. coli strains are harmless, including those commonly used by scientists in genetics laboratories. E. coli is found in the family of bacteria named Enterobacteriaceae, which is informally referred to as the enteric bacteria. Other enteric bacteria are the Salmonella bacteria (also a very large family, with many different members), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella, which many researchers consider to be part of the E. coli family.

    E. coli bacteria were discovered in the human colon in 1885 by German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich. Dr. Escherich also showed that certain strains of the bacteria were responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis - an important public health discovery. Although the bacteria were initially called Bacterium coli, the name was later changed to Escherichia coli to honor its discoverer.

    Soon after its discovery, E. coli became a very popular lab organism because scientists could grow it quickly on both simple and complex mediums. E. coli can grow in air, using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor (aerobically) or without air, by what is called fermentative metabolism (aerobically). The ability to grow both aerobically and anaerobically classifies the E. coli bacteria as a facultative anaerobe.

    How may an E. coli O157: H7 infection be prevented?

    Eating undercooked ground beef is the most important risk factor for acquiring E. coli O157:H7. Cook all ground beef and hamburger thoroughly. Because ground beef can turn brown before disease causing bacteria are killed, use a digital instant read meat thermometer to ensure thorough cooking. Ground beef should be cooked until a thermometer inserted into several parts of the patty, including the thickest part, reads at least 160 degrees F. Persons who cook ground beef without using a thermometer can decrease their risk of illness by not eating ground beef patties that are still pink in the middle. If you are served an undercooked hamburger or other ground beef product in a restaurant, send it back for further cooking.

    • Avoid spreading harmful bacteria in your kitchen. Keep raw meat separate from ready-to-eat foods. Wash hands, counters, and utensils with hot soapy water after they touch raw meat. Never place cooked hamburgers or ground beef on the unwashed plate that held raw patties.
    • Wash meat thermometers in between tests of patties that require further cooking.
    • Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, or cider. Commercial juice with an extended shelf life that is sold at room temperature (e.g. juice in cardboard boxes, vacuum-sealed juice in glass containers) has been pasteurized, although this is generally not indicated on the label. Most juice concentrates are also heated sufficiently to kill pathogens.
    • Continue Reading...

    How is E. coli O157:H7 detected?

    Because there are so many different strains of E. coli, microbiologists classify it into more than 170 serogroups. Within each serogroup, there are one or more serotypes. For example, O126:H and O126:H27 represent two serotypes of E. coli, with the O126 signifying the particular serogroup to which these serotypes belong. E. coli O157:H7 was identified for the first time at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1975. However, it was not until seven years later, in 1982, that E. coli O157:H7 was conclusively determined to be a cause of enteric disease. Specifically, in 1982, following outbreaks of foodborne illness that involved several cases of bloody diarrhea, E. coli O157: H7 was firmly associated with hemorrhagic colitis.4 As a result of this association, E. coli O157: H7 was designated as an enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or EHEC.

    Historically, most procedures that were used to detect fecal coliforms or generic E. coli in foods used methods that did not detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7. It was not until the Jack in the Box E. coli O157:H7 outbreak occurred, in January 1993, that the importance of testing specifically for E. coli O157:H7 was truly understood. Infection with E. coli O157:H7 is usually confirmed by detecting the bacterium in the stool of the infected individual. Until recently, however, most laboratories did not routinely test stools for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Now, most hospitals and physicians know to test for this particular bacterium, especially if the potentially infected individual has bloody diarrhea. Still, it remains a good idea to specifically request that you or your child's stool specimen be tested with Sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) Agar for the presence of E. coli O157:H7.

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    Are we safe from animal-borne diseases?

    Animal-borne diseases can cause tremendous disruptions in the global economy. More than half of all emerging viral and bacterial diseases that threaten humans now come from animals, according to medical reports.

    News reports of animal-borne diseases, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or Mad Cow Disease), monkeypox, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and West Nile Virus have all appeared on a regular basis. Closer to home, there is concern over rabies, salmonella and diseases caused by tick bites.

    Here is what you should know about some of these animal-borne diseases.

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    New network of gastrointestinal immune cells discovered

    A previously unknown network of immune cells has been discovered in the mammalian gastrointestinal system by a research group based in the Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). The finding, reported in the January 14 issue of Science, could lead to better understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to dangerous bacteria and viruses and to new approaches to immunization and infectious disease treatment.

    "We found an extensive system of immune cells throughout the intestinal tract that take up bacteria and other antigens, giving us a new target for understanding the immune response," says Hans-Christian Reinecker, MD, of the MGH Gastrointestinal Unit, the study's senior author.

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    Fulfilling the Vision: New USDA Initiatives Keep Safety on Track

    In an exclusive interview with Elsa A. Murano, Ph.D., Under Secretary for Food Safety, U.S. Department of Agriculture, on July 2004, Murano released "Fulfilling the Vision: Initiatives in Protecting Public Health," a document that reviews recent successes and builds on the course laid out in 2003 to improve the prediction and response to food safety challenges in order to further reduce the incidence of foodborne illness.

    In 2003, Agriculture Secretary Ann M. Veneman challenged the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) to find creative and effective ways to continue to improve the safety of U.S. meat, poultry and egg products to better protect public health. FSIS, the public health agency of USDA, and its workforce of more than 7,600 inspection and veterinary personnel regulate the safety of these products in approximately 6,000 plants nationwide.

    The publication of Fulfilling the Vision marks the result of FSIS's activities to meet Secretary Veneman's challenge. Fulfilling the Vision presents a list of accomplishments for 2003, including enhancement to BSE safeguards, the development of new FSIS employee training programs, strengthened food security measures and modernization of enforcement activities. In the document, Dr. Murano also lays out an ambitious agenda of agency initiatives for the future improvement of food safety (See "Innovative Initiatives Inspire Improvements").

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    Extremely fast and sensitive test for E. coli launched

    FoodProcessing.com has reported on a new rapid and ultra-sensitive test for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in food. The product, which enables meat processors to test for the pathogen in less than five minutes (vs. up to 48 hours for other tests currently available) is exclusively licensed and marketed by Innovative Biosensors, Inc. (IBI), a College Park, Md.-based developer of rapid diagnostic technologies.

    The system is based on CANARY, a biosensor technology developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The CANARY technology's speed and sensitivity is unmatched by any of the current detection technologies. The assay protocol is simple, requiring minimal training and easy-to-use instrumentation. The E. coli O157:H7 detection system is the first in a series of upcoming IBI products for rapid pathogen detection.

    "This product will revolutionize pathogen testing by allowing food producers to test the safety of their products faster than ever without sacrificing sensitivity," said Joe Hernandez, IBI's CEO. "This test offers the best known combination of speed and sensitivity available, and we are excited to make this technology available to food producers and the food safety community at large."

    Hunterdon County E. coli Linked to Produce

    The Star-Ledger reports that the source of 10 E. coli infections confirmed in the Hunterdon County late last year was an agricultural product grown in California. John Beckley, Hunterdon County health department director, described the source only as "fresh, raw produce," declining to identify the food until the investigation is complete.

    Between late October and early November, 10 individuals were sickened by E. coli. The county and state health departments have been investigating the cases, focusing on Chili's restaurant in Flemington, where all the individuals had either dined or worked.

    The county department has been investigating the restaurant's produce sources, including a wholesale packaging plant in Pennsylvania that turned out to be uncontaminated. The food item was traced to farms in California.

    What are the typical symptoms of infection with E. coli O157:H7?

    After someone ingests a sufficient quantity of E. coli O157:H7, the bacteria travels through the stomach and small intestine, and then attaches itself to the inside surface of the large intestine and causes inflammation of the intestinal wall. This inflammatory reaction is caused by toxins secreted by the bacteria, and is believed to be the cause of hemorrhagic colitis.8,9

    Hemorrhagic colitis, the first E. coli symptom, is characterized by the sudden onset of abdominal pain and severe cramps, followed within 24 hours by diarrhea. As the disease progresses, the diarrhea becomes watery and then may become grossly bloody - bloody to naked eye. E. coli symptoms sometimes include vomiting, but rarely fever. The incubation period for E. coli O157:H7 infection (i.e., the period from ingestion of the bacteria to the start of symptoms) is typically 3 to 9 days, although shorter and longer periods are not that unusual. An incubation period of less than 24 hours would be unusual, however.

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    Vista eateries make the grade

    Today the North County Times (in Vista, California) did an article about local eateries, diners who carefully scrutinize restaurants before venturing in for a bite to eat, and how much work goes into keeping food safe.

    From the article:

    "I won't eat anywhere that doesn't have an A," said Julie Shipman, who was shopping at Vons supermarket in Vista. "There's too much going on that you can't see."

    But getting the grade can take as much preparation as passing the high school exit exam.

    For example, an "Awesome Blossom" from the A-rated Chili's Grill and Bar in Vista Village starts its journey long before an order is placed.

    The dish ---- a large, hand-battered and fried onion ---- is inspected before being deemed meal-worthy, then undergoes a 10-step preparation and cooking process before landing in front of a hungry customer.

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    E. coli survivor beats the odds

    Fjeld had a 5 percent chance of survival
    by Natalie J. Ostgaard, City Editor

    Seeing her family Christmas picture, one could never tell that two months ago, BreAnne Fjeld, a normally energetic, physically fit, healthy 22-year-old, lay in a Santa Barbara, Calif. hospital, hooked up to machines, severely bloated, weighing nearly 200 pounds. And as she found out shortly before leaving her home of nearly three weeks, she had only a 5 percent chance of survival.

    She was suffering from E. coli 0157:H7, the most severe strain of the bacterial infection.

    Fjeld spoke about her ordeal to Mrs. Henneberg's seventh-grade family consumer science students at Highland School this week to help kick off their food unit, which began with food safety procedures. As her mother Belinda, vocal instructor for Crookston Schools, tearfully recalled the experience while joining BreAnne for some classes, it became apparent the talk involved much more than food safety.

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    Scientists firm up kits to detect food pathogens

    Breaking News on Food & Beverage Development

    Stopping the distribution of contaminated foods from the farm to the fork is a ceaseless challenge for the food industry that relies heavily on technology to identify any anomalies.

    A constant threat to the food chain, in the US alone foodborne illness annually costs the country $5.79 billion. And as global food production, processing and distribution rises, so grows in parallel demand for food safety research to ensure the food supply remains secure. The food industry needs cost-effective analytical methods that are safe, accurate and minimise waste to develop methods to screen, detect, and confirm multiple chemical residues and harmful bacteria, including their toxins, in foodstuffs.

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    What is E. coli?

    Although E. coli has been often in the news as a foodborne pathogen, the vast majority of E. coli strains are harmless, including those commonly used by scientists in genetics laboratories. E. coli is found in the family of bacteria named Enterobacteriaceae, which is informally referred to as the enteric bacteria. Other enteric bacteria are the Salmonella bacteria (also a very large family, with many different members), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella, which many researchers consider to be part of the E. coli family.

    E. coli bacteria were discovered in the human colon in 1885 by German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich. Dr. Escherich also showed that certain strains of the bacteria were responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis - an important public health discovery. Although the bacteria were initially called Bacterium coli, the name was later changed to Escherichia coli to honor its discoverer.

    Soon after its discovery, E. coli became a very popular lab organism because scientists could grow it quickly on both simple and complex mediums. E. coli can grow in air, using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor (aerobically) or without air, by what is called fermentative metabolism (aerobically). The ability to grow both aerobically and anaerobically classifies the E. coli bacteria as a facultative anaerobe.

    Grove City teen moved to action by death of nephew

    The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette did a story today on 2004 Jefferson Award winner Nancy Buck:

    It would have been so easy, and completely understandable, for Nancy Buck to slide into the dark depths of despair when her 2 1/2-year-old nephew Kevin Kowalcyk died from E. coli infection in August 2001. Instead, the Grove City 10th-grader funneled her grief into much-needed action.

    After learning that Kevin's death might have been prevented if her family had been more aware of the risks of food-borne illnesses like E. coli, Buck asked her health teacher at Grove City High School if she could talk to classmates about food safety. She ended up giving about 30 presentations to Grove City freshmen during home economics class over the next three years.

    And that was just the beginning.

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    William D. Marler, Food Litigation Attorney

    William D. Marler (www.williammarler.com), an attorney at Marler Clark LLP PS (http://www.marlerclark.com) has extensive experience representing victims of bacterial and viral food poisonings. Since 1993, Marler Clark has represented victims of most of the largest foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, including the 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli, 1998 Odwalla E. coli, 1999 Sun Orchard Salmonella, 2002 ConAgra E. coli and Chili's Salmonella outbreaks, the 2003 Chi Chi's Hepatitis A outbreak, and the 2004 Sheetz Salmonella outbreak.

    Bill feels that a lawyer should do more than just sue corporations. That is why he speaks frequently on issues of safe food and formed Outbreak, Inc. (http://www.outbreakinc.com), a not-for-profit business dedicated to explaining to companies why it is in their interest to avoid food illness litigation. Bill also has created (http://marlerblog.com) as a way of updating the Web on issues of interest to him.

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    Houseflies May Contract E.coli from Cattle

    Houseflies on cattle farms may contribute to the spread of Escherichia coli O157:H7 among animals, their food supply and potentially humans say researchers from Kansas. Their findings appear in the December 2004 issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

    E. coli, one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases throughout the world, is responsible for more than 73,000 cases annually in the United States alone. E. coli O157:H7 can be life-threatening to children, the elderly and immuno-compromised patients. The intestinal tracts of cattle serve as the main reservoir for E. coli O157:H7 and the environment in which they are housed frequently attracts large populations of houseflies (HF).

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    William D. Marler, E. coli Attorney

    William Marler is the managing partner in the law firm Marler Clark L.L.P., P.S. Since 1993, Mr. Marler has represented thousands of victims of E. coli, Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Listeria, Shigella, Campylobacter and Norwalk Virus illnesses in over thirty States. As a trial lawyer, Mr. Marler has been involved with several cases of national importance. He represented the children murdered by Wesley Alan Dodd, an escaped Washington State convict; the family of William Louth, who died when a crane collapsed during Kingdome roof repairs; the Terlicker family in its suit against Martin Pang and the City of Seattle stemming from an arson fire; and Brianne Kiner in her $15.6 million E. coli settlement with Jack-in-the-Box. This settlement created a state record for an individual personal injury action. Mr. Marler resolved several other Jack-in-the-Box E. coli cases for more than $2.5 million each.

    In May of 1998, he settled the Odwalla Juice E. coli outbreak for the families of children who were severely injured after consuming Odwalla apple juice for $12 million. He represented several children in an E. coli outbreak stemming from E. coli contaminated swimming pool water in Georgia. In 2001 he successfully tried to verdict an E. coli case involving a school lunch program in Washington State. The jury returned a verdict of $4.75 million. He also resolved dozens of E. coli cases in 2003 related to one of the largest meat recalls in United States. Mr. Marler recently settled an E. coli case for a young girl for $11 million. In addition, Mr. Marler has been lead counsel in:

    Sheetz Salmonella Outbreak:
    www.about-salmonella.com/articles/Sheetz/Sheetz.htm
    Paramount Farms Salmonella Outbreak:
    www.about-salmonella.com/articles/paramount/paramount.htm
    Sequoias E. coli Outbreak:
    www.about-ecoli.com/news/sequoias.htm
    Chi Chi's Hepatitis A Outbreak:
    http://www.about-hepatitis.com/articles/chichis/chichis.htm
    Goldcoast Produce E. coli Outbreak:
    http://www.about-ecoli.com/news/goldcoast.htm
    Golden Corral Salmonella Outbreak:
    www.about-salmonella.com/articles/goldencorral/goldencorral.htm
    Habaneros E. coli Outbreak:
    http://www.about-ecoli.com/news/habanero.htm
    Chili's Salmonella Outbreak:
    www.about-salmonella.com/articles/chilis/chilis.htm

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    SteriFX productgets USDA approval

    SteriFX Inc., based in Shreveport, has gained USDA approval on FreshFx, a low-pH antimicrobial solution, for on-line reprocessing of poultry carcasses. This will give commercial poultry processors a new tool for preventing contamination of poultry by microorganisms such as Salmonella, Listeria and E. coli.

    "The approval of FreshFx is an important milestone in the reduction of Salmonella, E.coli and other harmful microbes which continue to present significant challenges to the poultry industry," said John Dankert, Ph.D., vice president of research and development at SteriFx. "We greatly appreciate the contributions of the innovators in the poultry industry who provided the in-plant trials that permitted us to achieve this milestone."

    Tracking headlines of '04 in Salinas Valley

    The Salinas Californian this morning says, "from a full year of front pages, it's not easy to pick the events and issues with the most dramatic, sweeping or long-lasting impact for the readers we serve -- but it's always enlightening to try."

    For one thing, 12 months of headlines have a tendency to blur together. Some important milestones may be forgotten as we race -- eagerly or not -- into a New Year.

    From the article:

    Thus, as we have for the past four years, the staff at The Salinas Californian has identified the biggest stories of 2004 for Salinas and Monterey County. This year's selections certainly reflect the many challenges facing the Salinas area in staying safe, providing basic services, managing growth and generally coping with life's unpredictability.

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    A tainted recall process

    A Times Editorial says the surprising part of Tommy Thompson's recent warning on the vulnerability of our imported food supply isn't that he waited to deliver it with his resignation, or that he failed to act on the knowledge while in office. What is baffling is that the Health and Human Services secretary didn't recognize the government's repeated failure to protect Americans from dangerous food grown and distributed right here at home.

    "I, for the life of me, cannot understand why the terrorists have not . . . attacked our food supply, because it is so easy to do," Thompson said, adding that someone could tamper with imported products from the Middle East.

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    The food industry digests a challenging year

    Elizabeth Weise of USA TODAY says the food industry held its breath this year. The dawn of 2004 followed the grim discovery of the first case of mad cow disease in the USA:

    This was a year of reaction and preparation for those who are responsible for keeping the food supply safe. While continuing efforts to curtail disease outbreaks from such sources as E. coli and salmonella, health authorities and food safety regulators faced the mad cow threat and concerns about bioterrorism.

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    BEEF INDUSTRY | Did Americans underreact to mad cow disease?

    Roxana Hegeman of the Associated Press reports that animal-feed rules designed to prevent future cases of mad cow have not been strengthened.

    After the nation's first case of mad cow disease was discovered, government regulators and industry officials worked quickly to reassure consumers it was safe to eat a steak. A year later, you would never guess there was any concern at all - the nation's appetite for beef has remained strong.

    But consumer advocates say there's a problem with that lack of reaction from the public - it might have diminished the effect of the mad cow case on improving food safety. Aside from several steps taken shortly after a single cow in Washington state was found infected with the disease, reforms that were promised remain unfulfilled.

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    New approach to meat safety taken in MSU study of E. coli

    The MSU News Service reported today on research being done at Montana State University. Researchers there have been studying the relationship between a strong immune system in calves and safer meat in the grocery store. The approach is a new one in the fight against E. coli.

    Researchers use the cows to examine the contents of their rumen, the largest compartment in their stomachs. Focusing on early nutrition is a different approach from traditional efforts that concentrate on sanitation in packing plants to reduce the rate of E. coli shedding. Experts usually address post-harvest conditions rather than pre-harvest.

    Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

    For information on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, see http://www.about-hus.com.

    Schools seek safe food rules

    Diane Turbyfill of Lincoln County's Home Newspaper reports that when the Lincoln County Board of Education policy committee met Monday night, food safety was among many topics discussed.

    Kathy Buelin, child nutrition director, provided a memo from the N.C. Department of Health & Human Services, N.C. Department of Environment & Natural Resources and N.C. Department of Public Instruction. The document cited an outbreak of E. coli in Robeson County Schools in 2001. The incident resulted in more than 40 sick children and at least one lawsuit.

    The memo listed suggestions for policies concerning food brought into school.

    High risk foods were listed as those originally from animals such as eggs, meat and milk. The document suggests that "under no circumstances should any school allow the following food items to be brought in from homes: ground beef products, venison in any form, unpasteurized milk or juices or products made with unpasteurized milk."

    Food brought to school should be limited to birthdays and holidays and be restricted to "lower risk" foods like cookies, cakes with commercial frosting, fruit pies, breads and canned, bottled or boxed drinks.

    Lincoln County currently has no policy concerning food brought to school, though some campuses enforce restrictions.

    E. coli 0517:H7 case probably isolated

    One confirmed and one suspected case of the strain E. coli with serious complications are not enough to say there's an outbreak of the illness in Gothenburg, local physicians say.

    Spokespersons at all three clinics--Gothenburg Family Practice, Costa Family Practice and Gothenburg Medical Arts--said there have been no confirmed cases of the illness.

    The sole case was confirmed at Kearney's Good Samaritan Hospital.

    Aaron Salomon, a physician's assistant at Gothenburg Medical Arts, said E. coli 0157:H7 causes serious problems in those infected.

    It's difficult to say how one local youngster became infected with the serious strain, Solomon said, but that pediatricians and infectious disease specialists share information to try and locate the origin.

    Preschooler hospitalized with serious symptoms

    Another 4-year-old has been struck with E. coli 0157:H7. Drew's mother thought he had the stomach flu when he started vomiting on Oct. 23. When bloody diarrhea followed, samples tested were negative for E. coli 0157:H7.

    When he vomited several times in a 24-hour period with continued diarrhea that contained bloody mucus, Lisa took her son to a local physician's assistant who sent him to Gothenburg Memorial Hospital for intravenous saline solution to combat dehydration and for blood samples.

    Once E. coli was diagnosed, Drew began receiving intravenous fluids followed by the insertion of a catheter on Oct. 29 as his kidneys started to fail.

    During this time, Drew also received two blood transfusions which boosted his hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin is the respiratory pigment in red blood cells.

    The preschooler was finally released from Good Samaritan on Nov. 5 when there was no more E. coli 0157:H7 evident in his stools. After arriving home, Lisa said Drew battled urinary tract infection from the catheter that was inserted when his kidneys started to shut down.

    No one knows what caused the infection.

    Verocytotoxin-producing E.coli food poisoning and its prevention

    Institute of Food Science & Technology 19.11.2004

    Summary

    Foodborne illness caused by verocytotoxin-producing E.coli (VTEC) - sometimes referred to as enterohaemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) - was first recognised in the early 1980s. Although the illness does not appear to be very common, VTEC is now regarded as an important pathogen because serious complications may follow infection. The O157:H7 serotype is the predominant cause in the UK and USA of human infections but other serotypes have also been implicated. In comparison with, for example, Salmonella, numbers of cases appear to be low but they seem to be increasing. Infection may produce a mild diarrhoea, or a severe or fatal illness. The infective dose may be very low.

    The main reservoir for VTEC is the bovine intestine. More than half of all the cases in the UK follow environmental transmission, which is particularly important in respect of sporadic cases. Food vectors linked to outbreaks include milk and milk products and ground beef. In recent years apple juice and sprouting seeds have become more frequently implicated particularly in the USA. Water has been responsible for many of the largest outbreaks.

    Continue Reading...

    Getting ready for new law

    The Tribune reports that restaurants and other eateries in Indiana that fail to meet the new Food Handler Certification requirement by Jan. 1 may be fined up to $100 per day.

    Representatives from the food industry proposed the rule, which the Indiana General Assembly passed in 2001, allowing a four-year grace period for infrastructure buildup.

    Designed to reduce food sickness caused by salmonella, E. coli and cross-contamination, the law applies to every facility that does any on-site cooking, including schools, churches, fraternity and sorority houses, bars, taverns and strip clubs.

    State health officials reported 67 foodborne outbreaks -- or incidents of contaminated food -- in Indiana between 1999 and 2003.

    Lights, Camera, HACCP!

    Julie Larson Bricher's Lights, Camera, HACCP! discusses the food safety programs used by today's food companies, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), which uses a proactive approach rather than reactive, emphasizing food hazard prevention rather than the detection of harmful defects in finished food products. Read it.

    Who Ordered the Food Poisoning?

    Most of us have experienced a bout of food poisoning: an episode of stomach pain or upset often associated with diarrhea and in some cases vomiting. Such encounters are usually inconsequential, of limited duration and rarely do we think to bother our general practitioner with them. Most of us assume it's something we have eaten or drunk, shrug it off and get on with our lives. Minor bouts of upset stomachs have become so common as to be something we all expect to experience sooner or later, and we rarely question their origin.

    Imagine the following scenario:

    It's lunchtime and three customers enter a restaurant. The first eats some meat and has a very severe reaction four days later from a virulent form of salmonella. The second eats chicken and three days later comes down with a bad bout of campylobacteriosis, with diarrhea, fever and vomiting. The third only eats imported cheese and nearly dies a few days later of meningitis. Far-fetched? Not at all. Food poisoning is rampant and it's increasing at an alarming rate.

    And the problem is not confined to fast foods.

    Potentially lethal bacteria are turning up daily in a wide variety of foods. Salmonella has also been found in other products such as fruit juices, bread and even chocolate.

    Continue Reading...

    Community bands together to help girl infected with E. Coli

    A benefit was held Saturday for a 2-year-old girl sickened with E. coli in September proved to be a success. The fund-raiser brought in $428 for the Emilie Allen Benefit Fund.

    Emilie Allen, a 2-year-old girl from Bonne Terre, contracted E. coli 0157:H7 back in September. Allen soon thereafter suffered kidney failure and was forced to go on dialysis.

    The benefit was held from 6-9 p.m. with performances by Sheriff Dan Bullock and the Deputies Band. Donations were accepted throughout the evening.

    A benefit account for Emilie has been set up at First State Community Bank. The Bonne Terre Eagles recently presented Allen's mother Valerie Allen with a benefit check for $680.

    The St. Francois County Health Department conducted routine inspections at two local restaurants on Oct. 4 in an attempt to identify the source of the E. coli that sickened Emilie.

    The Daily Journal reports that:

    "We have not made any direct links to any of the food establishments that we inspected with the origin of the strain of E. coli 0157:H7," said Jon Peacock, Environmental Public Health Specialist. "We were given information from the family of the infected person of places they had eaten prior to being infected."

    "We also took a water sample out of the private well at the residence of the family," Peacock said. "It came back negative."

    Fighting big beef

    Montanans, remember this name: John Munsell.

    Munsell, owner of Montana Quality Foods meat packing plant in Miles City, has just dropped a bomb of a lawsuit on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that, if successful, could bring about the most significant changes to America's meat-inspection system since the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 tried to limit the amount of crap one could legally shovel into a sausage.

    Munsell's family-owned operation was shipped beef contaminated with E. coli from the multinational ConAgra corporation as early as January 2002, but when Munsell notified the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), the government responded by making him rewrite his Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point plan 14 times and pay for additional testing while suspending him from grinding his own beef for four months.

    Convinced he could prove the contamination originated at another source, Munsell even penned an e-mail to a USDA district office manager in Minneapolis in which he wrote, "If you and I, realizing all the details now, cover this up and do nothing about it and somebody gets sick as a result, then you and I need to share a cell in Alcatraz." (see "Watching the inspectors," Aug. 7, 2003). It later turned out that as Munsell had suspected, ConAgra's beef was indeed contaminated, and the end result was a 2002 recall of nearly 19 million pounds of ConAgra beef--one of the largest beef recalls in history--and plenty of red faces at the USDA.

    Continue Reading...

    Fair Safety

    The Marler Clark-sponsored Web site about Fair Safety is a great resource for people who are researching how to prevent outbreaks at fairs, and for those who are researching previous fair outbreaks. It can be found at http://www.fair-safety.com.

    Local E. coli outbreak widens

    The Herald-Sun reports that state public health officials disclosed Friday that a second Durham County child and one from Person County are among 20 people statewide who have been confirmed with E. coli infections.

    The two newly reported cases and two previously reported cases in Durham and Chatham counties are part of the upsurge in problems that appear to be linked to one or more infected animals in the children's petting zoo at the N.C. State Fair.

    A student at Glenwood Elementary School in Chapel Hill also was reported by school officials late Friday to have a confirmed case of E. coli infection, although there was no announcement from the county health department. State public health officials also didn't include any Orange County residents in their daily E. coli infection update, issued about the same time as the school's announcement. It is possible, however, that the Glenwood student doesn't live in Orange County.

    Officials also reported another 39 possible cases under review but not confirmed as E. coli infection. They planned to continue the investigation through the weekend, including genetic fingerprinting of confirmed cases to trace similarities among the bugs and to confirm which might be associated with the State Fair.

    Food safety of 'organic,' conventional beef not so different, Ohio State study finds

    The College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences at Ohio State University says consumers who buy ground beef labeled as "raised without antibiotics" don't always get what they bargained - and likely paid a higher price -- for.

    A study conducted by Ohio State University food-animal health researcher Jeff LeJeune found similar numbers of food-borne pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in samples of ground beef from conventionally reared cattle and from those whose labels claimed to have come from cows that didn't receive any antimicrobial agents.

    "At the microbiological level, there was little difference between both sample groups as far as presence of pathogens or resistant organisms," said LeJeune, a scientist with the Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP) on the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center's (OARDC) Wooster campus. "It's incredible how close these numbers came out."

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    Cider warnings are out, and some farmers aren't happy

    On October 30 the Chicago Tribune reported on the FDA's warning that just-pressed apple cider bought from that quaint roadside farm stand could contain the E. coli bacteria.

    The agency is reminding people of the dangers associated with unpasteurized fruit and vegetable juices -- the kinds sold at farmers markets, stands and some juice bars -- after an outbreak in upstate New York that appears to be linked to apple cider from a small orchard.

    "It's that time of year," FDA spokesman Mike Herndon said. "In the holiday season, you're probably going to drink cider."

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    Healthy cattle, safe meat link sought

    The Associated Press reports that researchers at Montana State University in Bozeman are looking at whether there is a link between what cattle eat, the strength of their immune systems and a potential to reduce the spread of E. coli bacteria.

    A goal of the project, expected to be complete around Thanksgiving, is "pre-harvest intervention" - seeing if problems can be addressed, or even avoided, before the animals reach slaughter, said John Paterson, a beef specialist for the MSU Extension Service.

    "We're trying to do our best to reduce the number of cattle that would shed E. coli," Paterson said.

    The bacteria, supported in the intestines of even healthy animals, can be shed through feces, he said. E. coli can be spread during the slaughter process. Eating contaminated meat not cooked thoroughly can sicken humans.

    Continue Reading...

    Reed professor gets grant for E. coli research

    American City Business Journals Inc. reports that an associate professor of biology at Reed College in Portland has received a $227,500 grant from the National Institute of Health to continue research on E. coli bacteria.

    Prof. Jay Mellies has studied the E. coli strain known as Enteropathogenic Escheriachia coli, responsible for an estimated 1 million infant diarrheal deaths in the developing world each year.

    Mellies' research team will continue studying how the master regulator protein LER controls the disease process on the molecular level. The long-term goal of the laboratory is to use this knowledge to develop effective therapeutics for the treatment of this and related infections.

    In the United States, EHEC, a pathogen related to EPEC, is of particular concern in food safety and public health because it causes many outbreaks of bloody diarrhea due to contaminated meat products, produce and water.

    Over the past three years, Mellies has received other significant funding for his research, including $230,323 from the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency in 2003, a seed grant from the Medical Research Foundation of Oregon and a grant of $143,667, also from the NIH in 2001.

    USDA, FDA taken to task in report

    The Denver Post has reported on a congressional report issued Wednesday which states that when hazardous food is discovered, neither the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor the Food and Drug Administration issues a deadline the manufacturers must meet for the recall.

    Neither agency acts quickly enough to ensure that recall notices reach all parts of the food-distribution chain, especially grocery stores.

    "Consumers may be vulnerable to serious illness, hospitalization and even death, in part, because of weaknesses in USDA's and FDA's programs for monitoring companies' recalls of unsafe food," according to the Government Accountability Office.

    Continue Reading...

    E. coli (Escherichia coli) What is it?

    E. coli is a bacteria that normally lives in the intestines of humans and animals, especially cattle. Most strains of this bacteria are harmless. One particular E. coli strain called 0157:H7 can cause severe diarrhea and kidney damage to some people, particularly children under 5 years of age and the elderly. This complication is called hemolytic uremic syndrome, in which the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail.

    E. coli is commonly found in undercooked or raw hamburger and that is why E. coli is also known as "Hamburger Disease". It can also be found in poultry, pork, raw milk and unpasteurized apple cider.

    How does it spread?

    People become ill after ingesting food or drinking water contaminated by the bacteria. It can also be spread from person to person through the hands of an infected person who did not wash their hands after using the toilet.

    Signs and symptoms of illness:

    People infected by E. coli 0157:H7 can develop a range of symptoms, from mild diarrhea to severe bloody diarrhea. Abdominal cramps are common with little or no fever. Occasionaal vomiting occurs. Some people show no symptoms at all.

    Who is at risk?

    Everyone. The young and very old are more susceptible. It can lead to haemorrhagic colitis or haemolytic uremic syndrome (kidney failure).

    How long before illness starts?

    It lasts longer in children than in adults; 7 to 11 days in children; 5 to 7 days in adults.

    Prevention:

    • Wash hands after using the toilet and before preparing foods;
    • Clean and sanitize counter tops and utensils after contact with raw meats and poultry, especially before using these areas for preparing ready-to-eat foods;
    • Cook meat and poultry to a minimum internal temperature of 74 degrees C (165 degrees F);
    • Keep hot foods hot (60 degrees C, 140 degrees F) before serving and cold foods cold (4 degrees C, 40 degrees F, or colder);
    • Drink only pasteurized milk. Drink water from a safe water supply; and
    • Avoid preparing or handling any food if ill with diarrhea.

    Meat processor critical of USDA sues, alleges retaliation

    Lincoln Journal-Star reports that a Montana meat processor who tried to warn federal officials about contaminated beef from a large meatpacker is suing the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

    John Munsell of Miles City claims he was retaliated against for criticizing the agency's actions in protecting the beef supply from E. coli contamination.

    Munsell is seeking unspecified punitive, economic and general damages from the USDA, Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman and Nathaniel Clark, identified in the suit as a district office manager with the Food Safety and Inspection Service. Munsell claims in the lawsuit that the government retaliated against him and that he was required numerous times to rewrite a plan detailing potential hazards and controls "on threat of withdrawal of USDA inspectors" and approval of the company's beef products.

    Continue Reading...

    Families drop E. coli suit

    The Associated Press reported today that two dozen families have dropped their lawsuit against Lane County and the county fair board. The families filed suit in June 2003, almost a year after 82 people, mostly children, got sick from exposure to the bacteria at the county fair.

    The families abandoned the suit because experts could not show how the county or fair could have prevented the outbreak.

    From the article:

    One of the plaintiffs, Bill Walter of Eugene, said he was disappointed in how the case ended.

    "It's hard to imagine when you have an event and invite people into your event and 80 people get sick, that there's no culpability," Walter said.

    His daughter, Carson, then 2, spent 31 days in a Portland hospital and underwent 17 rounds of dialysis to filter toxins and excess water from her blood. Now 4, she's healthy but has permanent damage that likely will require a kidney transplant in her late teens or early 20s, the girl's father said.

    "And hopefully this will educate people that there's some inherent danger in taking real small kids to an environment like that."

    Public health investigators traced the fair outbreak to the sheep and goat exposition hall on the south side of the Lane County fairgrounds, but they could not determine exactly how people became infected.

    In response to the outbreak, the fair erected portable hand-washing stations at all barn entrances and put up signs urging visitors to wash their hands after touching animals and before eating. Among other precautions, officials also warned visitors to make sure children don't put their hands in their mouths after touching animals, animal pens, the floor or the bottom of their shoes if they walk through animal areas.

    UF scientists have bionanotechnology recipe to find elusive bacteria

    A team of University of Florida researchers has created tiny hybrid particles that can speedily root out even one isolated E. coli bacterium lurking in ground beef or provide a crucial early warning alarm for bacteria used as agents of bioterrorism and for early disease diagnosis.

    The study will appear this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    "Our focus is the development of a bionanotechnology that combines the strengths of nanotechnology and biochemistry to generate a new type of 'bionanomaterial,' which has some unique properties," said Weihong Tan, a UF Research Foundation professor of chemistry and associate director of UF's Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface. "Because of these properties, we're able to finish the detection of a single bacterium in 20 minutes."

    Continue Reading...

    Nanoparticles Enable Speedy E. coli Detection

    Science News did a story today on E. coli:

    Escherichia coli is one of the most dangerous agents of food-borne disease and ingesting contaminated food or water can be deadly, especially for children or the elderly. Quick and accurate testing is crucial for avoiding potential infections, but in order to be effective many current tests require time-consuming amplification of samples. New findings indicate that specially treated nanoparticles of silica could allow researchers to detect a single E. coli bacterium in a ground beef sample, with no amplification required.

    Weihong Tan and his colleagues at the University of Florida attached antibodies specific to the E. coli strain that causes food poisoning, O157:H7, to silica particles measuring just 60 nanometers across. The tiny particles also contained a few thousand fluorescent dye molecules. When the team mixed the particles into ground beef samples, the antibodies attached the silica to the bacteria. The signal given off by the dye allowed the scientists to detect a single bacterium in a sample in less than 20 minutes.

    The new approach can be tailored to detect a variety of bacterial pathogens by changing the antibodies employed, according to a report published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Indeed, the authors contend that the technique may emerge as a revolutionary tool for ultrasensitive detection of disease markers and infectious agents.

    Benefit yard sale planned

    A yard sale to benefit 3-year-old Jason "J.J." Hensley Jr. will be 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday through Oct. 16 at Apartment 155, County Road 177 off Highway 5 South.

    Hensley is hospitalized at Arkansas Children's Hospital in Little Rock for complications of E. coli. His hospitalization follows the premature birth of a sister, Alyssa, a month ago at St. John's Regional Medical Center in Springfield, Mo.

    Donations or any kind of help will be accepted and appreciated.

    A fund has been established at First National Bank & Trust Co. for anyone wanting to donate.

    For information, call 431-7058 or 435-2326.

    Father says things looking better for child with E. coli

    Chris Cline of the Daily Journal reports today that two-year-old Emilie Allen is breathing on her own for the first time in over a week. The Bonne Terre girl was placed on life support on Sept. 29 after having difficulty breathing due to complications of E. coli 0157:H7. Allen came off the ventilator early Friday afternoon and according to family members is conscious for the first time since arriving at a St. Louis hospital.

    From the article:

    "All in all, things are looking up today," said Emilie's father Guy Allen. "Emilie is still receiving dialysis, but for the first time since about the second day she has been in the hospital, she is awake."

    Allen said doctors had been decreasing his daughter's medication gradually over the past week.

    The St. Francois County Health Department conducted routine inspections at two local restaurants on Monday in an attempt to identify where the strain of E. coli originated that infected the 2-year-old Bonne Terre girl.

    "We have not made any direct links to any of the food establishments that we inspected with the origin of the strain of E. coli 0157:H7," said Jon Peacock, Environmental Public Health Specialist. "We were given information from the family of the infected person of places they had eaten prior to being infected."said.

    Chief investigator's condition improving after E. coli infection

    The Greenwood Commonwealth reports that Ken Spencer, the Leflore County Sheriff's Department's chief investigator, says he's doing a lot better and he's hoping to come home soon. Spencer, 43, was hospitalized in St. Dominic's Hospital in Jackson last week for kidney failure and an E. coli infection.

    Spencer, who has worked for the Sheriff's Department about eight years, said he has been moved out of the intensive care unit Friday and is in a regular room.

    Though his condition is improving, Spencer said his kidneys are somewhat damaged. "Doctors will run some test to determine how much damage has been done," he said in the article.

    Sheriff Ricky Banks said a local attorney has set up a bank account in Spencer's name at the Bank of Commerce.

    Contributions may be sent to the Ken Spencer Benefit Fund can be made at the bank on Howard Street or mailed to: Bank of Commerce, Attn. Rochelle Gosa, P.O. Box 546, Greenwood, MS 38935-0546.

    Five second rule

    The Ig Nobel prize in Public Health went to Jillian Clarke, now a student at Howard University in Washington, for testing the validity of the idea that dropped food is safe to eat if it has spent no more than five seconds on the floor.

    In tests with floor tiles deliberately contaminated with E. coli, she found that gummy bears and fudge-striped cookies picked up the bacteria in less than five seconds. However, tests on real floors at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where she worked failed because they had no detectable bacterial contamination - suggesting the cleaning staff might deserve their own award. Other research suggests the question is far from closed.

    Parents sue Joplin day care

    Globe Staff Writer Wally Kennedy wrote about our lawsuit alleging a day care center failed to notify parents of E. coli outbreak. The E. coli outbreak hit a Joplin day-care center in May and June, affecting as many as 26 children.

    Marler Clark filed the lawsuit on behalf of Patricia and Asa Wasden, parents of Ian Wasden, a 2-year-old boy who reportedly suffered from hemolytic uremic syndrome after contracting the E. coli bacteria in June. The lawsuit was filed Tuesday in Jasper County Circuit Court against Kid's Korner Day Care Center, 2602 S. Wall Ave.

    From the article:

    Marler, in a prepared statement, said: "After the first child attending Kid's Korner tested positive for E. coli, the day-care operators should have notified all parents and taken extra precautions to ensure that no other children became ill.

    "Instead, they continued to operate the daycare as if nothing was wrong, which probably led to dozens of illnesses that could have been prevented."

    Through interviews by the law firm with families and officials with the Joplin Health Department, it is alleged that Kid's Korner failed to notify 32 percent of the families whose children had attended the day-care center.

    The suit alleges that 26 children attending Kid's Korner experienced diarrhea during the month of May. Bloody diarrhea is one of the primary symptoms of E. coli infection.

    The outbreak caused serious illness in at least six children, according to city and county health officials. Two of the children who became ill were from the Carthage area. One of them was enrolled in the day-care center. That child was the index case who exposed the bacteria to the other children at the center.

    Drew Falkenstein, a lawyer with Marler Clark in Seattle, said Wednesday in a telephone interview: "The day-care center was responsible for our client's E. coli infection under the facts that have been revealed.

    "Where it came from, the mode of transmission into the day care, we are not sure. But, we do know our client's parents were not informed of the outbreak, and they are responsible for that and the child's subsequent infection."

    Falkenstein said Ian Wasden was hospitalized for nearly three weeks, and that he went through a full week of kidney dialysis, seven blood transfusions, three surgeries and a severe case of pancreatitis.

    Hand-washing stations praised at fair

    No E. coli cases have been seen so far this year, reports Eric Hanson of the Houston Chronicle. To help prevent an E. coli outbreak like the one that sickened at least 24 people at the Fort Bend County Fair last year, fair officials have installed an additional 15 hand-washing stations around the fairgrounds.

    As many as two dozen people who attended the fair last year became ill, and local health officials said the illnesses were caused by contact with animals.

    After the fair ended, specialists from the U.S. Department of Agriculture conducted tests at different spots at the fairgrounds. The results confirmed that the strain of E. coli that caused the illnesses was found only in an animal-holding area.

    Kaye Reynolds, Fort Bend County deputy health director, said no illnesses have been reported at this year's fair, which opened last Friday and ends Saturday.

    E. coli lawsuit filed against Joplin daycare

    Marler Clark filed a lawsuit Tuesday on behalf of Patricia and Asa Wasden, the parents of Ian Wasden, a two-year-old boy who suffered from Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) after contracting E. coli O157:H7 last June at Kid's Korner daycare in Joplin. The lawsuit, which was filed in Jasper County Circuit Court, seeks damages related to Ian's illness and subsequent hospitalization.

    An E. coli outbreak was linked to Kid's Korner after several children who attended the daycare facility fell ill with bacterial infections in May. Health officials instructed Kid's Korner operators to notify the families of all children who attended the daycare in an effort to prevent more illnesses but, according to the complaint, the Wasdens never received word from the daycare. It was not June 1, the date that Ian Wasden fell ill with symptoms related to his E. coli infection, that Patricia and Asa Wasden learned about the outbreak at Kid's Korner.

    "After the first child attending Kid's Korner tested positive for E. coli, the daycare operators should have notified all parents and taken extra precautions to ensure that no other children became ill," said William Marler, managing partner of Marler Clark. "Instead, they continued to operate the daycare as if nothing was wrong, which probably led to dozens of illnesses that could have been prevented."

    Continue Reading...

    Restaurants serving up health risks, FDA warns

    Employees at three out of four restaurants don't wash their hands well enough or often enough while handling your food. More than half of fast-food joints aren't properly cleaning work surfaces and utensils used to cook your burger. And roughly two out of three deli departments aren't storing ready-to-eat foods at the right temperatures.

    Those are among the findings in a new report released this week by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

    In 2003, the agency inspected 926 food-service establishments nationwide in nine categories -- including elementary schools, hospitals, nursing homes and retail -- and found widespread risks of food-borne illnesses.

    The most common red flags in every category: improper food storage, poor employee hygiene and contaminated equipment.

    Fifty-four percent of fast-food workers, 40 percent of nursing home employees and 32 percent of school cafeteria workers were lax about washing their hands. Among full-service restaurants, 78 percent didn't store cold foods at the right temperature, 57 percent failed to properly sanitize work surfaces and utensils and nearly half weren't separating raw meat from ready-to-eat foods, the report found.

    International research sheds light on Escherichia coli

    On September 1, Medical Research News reported that an unprecedented picture of how bacteria latch on to human cells has been published by UK, French and US scientists. They have produced a finely detailed model of one of the tools used by some of the nastiest varieties of the stomach bug, Escherichia coli, to stick to and gain entry to host cells.

    Led by senior author Dr Stephen Matthews, Reader in Chemical and Structural Biology at Imperial College London, the research is published in the latest issue of the journal Molecular Cell.

    Continue Reading...

    Youngster recovering from E coli; A second Lawrence County case found; link not discovered

    The Times-Mail News did a story on fifteen-month-old Skylar Rudolph who was diagnosed with E. coli, an infection, and began to get sick exactly three weeks ago today. Skylar's one kidney shut down, and she was on dialysis nearly every hour. With the help of IV antibiotics, she is recovering and may get to come home Monday.

    From the article:

    Another case of E. coli in a child prompted Ruthellen Lane to voluntarily close the day care, Kiddie Lane Childcare, where both children attend.

    "We were closed (on Aug. 25)," Lane said. "I chose to close because I knew the little girl came from here and another girl, too. I chose to close to make sure it wasn't anything here.

    "The health department came in and state licensing and did not find anything, and told us to reopen the next day. They went through menus and came in and checked the cleanliness of the place."

    That's just what the facility did. It reopened to normal hours of 5:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Monday through Friday.

    "At the time when I closed, I was the only common factor they had between the two girls," she said.

    A local health official said there does not appear to be a common factor between the two cases, and the local health department has completed its portion of the investigation.

    "As of now, there is no determination where it originated from," said Lawrence County Public Health Nurse Lori Day. "Currently there is no threat to any day-care facilities in the area or the public. Of course if there were any threat to the public we would notify the public or the community."

    Day did confirm that there were two cases of the illness in the county.

    "It's a bacteria that grows in the stomach of healthy cattle and other animals and oftentimes someone can get it from undercooked foods," she added. "It also can be passed from one person to another if proper handwashing techniques aren't done properly.

    "There is no evidence that the cases are from a day care."

    Candi Rudolph said officials told her family that Skylar could have even picked up the bacteria from touching a toy or shopping car.

    "We may never know," she added. "There's just so many ways."

    She continued that if she puts Skylar back into day care, where she has attended since three months of age, it will be the same place.

    Friends, family donate blood to help Greenwood boy live

    Sarah Kleiner of the Midland Reporter Telegram reports on a high school boy's battle with HUS:

    After a stop at a fast food restaurant in early August, Parsley, a freshman at Greenwood High School, became sick to his stomach and was taken to the hospital in Midland.

    Sandra Parsley, Stefan's mother, said he was then flown to a hospital in Lubbock where he was diagnosed with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, commonly caused by Escherichia coli, or E. coli. After 10 hours in Lubbock, Stefan was then flown to the Children's Medical Center in Dallas.

    Continue Reading...

    No Expiration on Recall Risk

    'Sell By' Date No Assurance That Recall Won't Take Place is the headline of an ABC News article today.

    Don't assume the hamburger or hot dog you're eating this Labor Day weekend is free and clear of the possibility of a health-related recall.

    Federal meat recalls are not always instantaneous and sometimes can occur weeks or months after meat hits the grill.

    That's because although inspectors are required in production plants, bacteria are often invisible and not all meat is scientifically tested for contamination.

    From the article:

    "We don't have the resources to test every single batch of meat that is produced in the United States," says Elijah Walker, associate deputy administrator for the Office of Public Health And Science, which falls under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service.

    Pathogens Discovered Months Later

    As a result, unidentified tainted meat sometimes goes to market, only to be discovered and recalled weeks or months afterwards, a database on the FSIS Web site shows.

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    Pre-Washed Salad

    Leisa Zigman, Investigative Reporter for KSDK, did a story on pre-washed salad:

    For busy, health conscious people, pre-washed and bagged salads are a huge time saver. Just open and eat. But did you ever wonder how well it's washed? Investigative Reporter Leisa Zigman did, so she had the salad tested.

    Busy mom Susan Stern uses the bagged lettuce about once a week, "It's all about saving time. It's already chopped, already prepared. I don't have to clean it. I don't have to do anything but open the bag."

    Two weeks ago, we randomly bought three bags from three different stores. The bags were Fresh Express European Mix, Fresh Express Spinach, and Earthbound Farm Organic.
    The Fresh Express said "thoroughly washed." Earthbound Farm Organic salad claimed it was triple washed.

    Scientists at Microbe Innotech in Bridgeton analyzed the samples. Lab Manager Andrew Johnson found the organic mix had 21,300,000 bacteria colonies inside the entire bag. He found more than 3,000 colonies were coliform bacteria or e-coli like.

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    The Loss of A Child

    It's the ultimate heartbreak for a South Dakota couple.

    Their daughter has died after contracting E.coli.

    One week ago little Adorah Montgomery started showing symptoms of E.coli. and early Thursday morning, she passed away.

    Her dad, Alex Montgomery told KSFY, "She was a beautiful, beautiful, little girl. "

    Last week, the toddler started showing symptoms of E. coli poisoning. Her older brother was also ill. Two year old Reagan had diarrhea and flu-like symptoms, but soon recovered. His little sister didn't fare as well.

    Continue Reading...

    Toddler who contracted E.coli dies

    The Associated Press reported yesterday that a 15-month-old baby who contracted a severe type of E. coli bacteria died early Thursday morning. Adorah Montgomery got sick last week and was hospitalized on Friday, according to her parents, Alex and Karyn Montgomery of Canistota. Her brother Reagan, 3, also became ill but recovered.

    The family doesn't know how their children may have been infected.

    "We've questioned ourselves over and over again," Alex Montgomery said. "We'll question it for the rest of our lives."

    Food Borne Illnesses

    Sue Young Wilson, a journalist who writes frequently on health and science topics for such outlets as the New York Times, WNET, and UNICEF, put together the following article on foodborne illness:

    Reports of a potentially dangerous E. coli infection among children in a Bronx day care center, coupled with two Yankees players benched by parasitic infestations, seems to have turned the summer into an unplanned Food Borne Illness Awareness Month.

    According to estimates by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 76 million Americans get sick each year from food--borne illnesses, more than 300,000 are hospitalized, and 5,000 die.

    E Coli

    The city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene announced in the beginning of July that it is investigating a recent outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 infection in children who attended the "For Kids Only" day care center in the Bronx. After three children who spent time in the same first-floor room of the center came down with confirmed cases of E. coli 0157:H7, health inspectors visited the site. They are also investigating suspected cases among 18 other children who attended "For Kids Only."

    The day care center voluntarily closed during the investigation and has cooperated with the health department. An article in the New York Post reported that For Kids Only passed annual health inspections in March 2004 and April 2003, and quoted parents who praised the center for cleanliness and health consciousness. Toddlers in day care centers, however, are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of E. coli 0157:H7 and other foodborne pathogens, because they eat the same meals, crowd together, often fail to wash hands after use of the toilet, and frequently wear diapers, which can lead to spread of the bacteria if caretakers fail even occasionally to handle them using precise sanitary procedures.

    The health department is also investigating one confirmed case of E. coli 0157:H7 in a local child who does not attend the day care center. All children associated with the outbreak live in the Bronx and range in age from seven months to just over three years.

    According to city Health Commissioner Thomas Frieden, all of the affected children "are doing well at this point." As E. coli 0157:H7 outbreaks go, then, this one was relatively benign. The pathogen can cause much more serious health consequences, especially among young children and the elderly. According to the CDC, in three to five percent of cases, a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur several weeks after the initial symptoms (which are themselves debilitating -- severe, bloody diarrhea and painful stomach cramps.) HUS is the most common cause of acute kidney failure in children.

    In 1999, there were 18 cases of E. coli 0157:H7 reported among New York City residents. In 2002, only 2 cases -- both in a private home -- were reported, according to the CDC, which collects statistics on foodborne disease outbreaks from state, local and territorial health departments each year.

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    Toddler with E. coli improving

    The Olympian reported today that the health of an Olympia toddler who was hospitalized with E. coli is improving.

    Samantha Hatcher, 2, was in satisfactory condition Monday at Children's Hospital in Seattle, according to a hospital spokeswoman.

    Hatcher was admitted to the hospital after she began vomiting and having bloody diarrhea. She also was having trouble producing urine, which is a complication caused by E. coli.

    Meanwhile, two other cases have cropped up in Thurston County. The children -- a teenager and a preschool-age child -- don't need to be hospitalized. None of the cases are linked, said Diana Yu, county health officer.

    Officials are continuing to investigate how the children became infected. They have ruled out the tap water at the Hatchers' apartment, Yu said.

    E. coli infections are not uncommon, especially during the summer, Yu said. Since January, six cases have been reported, with victims ranging in age from 2 to 87. Last year, there were eight cases.

    Targeting E. coli Infections at Their Source

    Getting at bacteria before they have a chance of getting into people is the focus of ARS studies in Ames, Iowa, aimed at stopping a particularly nasty E. coli-related disease.

    Microbiologist Evelyn Dean-Nystrom and veterinary medical officer William Stoffregen of ARS's National Animal Disease Center (NADC) have worked to pinpoint where E. coli O157:H7 bacteria lurk in calves. Nystrom is also working with scientists at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland, to develop and test an oral vaccine that eliminates E. coli O157:H7 bacteria from cattle.

    Nystrom works at NADC's Preharvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, while Stoffregen works at the center's Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit.

    Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 is the most common infectious cause of bloody diarrhea in people in the United States. Hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potential consequence of E. coli O157:H7 infection, is the primary cause of acute kidney failure in U.S. children.

    E. coli is normally found in the intestines of all animals, including humans, where it suppresses growth of harmful bacteria. But E. coli O157:H7 is a rare variety that produces large quantities of potent Shiga toxins, which can cause severe damage to small blood vessels and kidney tissue.

    Undercooked or raw ground beef has been implicated in many E. coli O157:H7 disease outbreaks among humans. In the United States, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli causes diarrhea in more than 100,000 people each year, with E. coli O157:H7 responsible for more than 70,000 of these cases.

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    Basics on salmonella and E. Coli

    Today the Associated Press did a Q&A on salmonella and E. coli:

    Health officials say a recent outbreak of salmonella infections in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia are likely linked to tainted tomatoes on sandwiches served by Sheetz convenience stores. Here are some basics on salmonella and E. coli, two of the most common germs threatening food:

    Q: What are salmonella and E. coli and how are they spread?

    A: Both are bacteria that occur commonly in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans, but some types cause serious illness. They are often spread by the unwashed hands of food workers.

    Some strains of salmonella can turn up on fruits and vegetables; others are found in eggs and poultry. E. coli is most often linked to undercooked meat but also can be found in raw sprouts and lettuce. Both bacteria are also found in unpasteurized milk and juice.

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    Food Illnesses Spike In Iowa: Health officials warn about E. coli, Salmonella

    An alarming number of Iowans have suffered from food-borne illnesses this summer. In some cases, the number of cases of illnesses such as E. coli more than doubled from the same period the last few years. In 2004, there have been 47 cases reported of E. coli, compared to an average of 26 cases per year from 2001 to 2003.

    E. coli causes bad diarrhea and can occasionally cause kidney failure and other life-threatening complications. Several children have had these serious complications this summer in Iowa.

    Another illness showing a spike is salmonella, which was reported 233 times so far this year. From 2001 to 2003, there was an average of 171 cases reported per year.

    Health officials say there 271 cases of campylobacter have been reported in 2004, compared to an average of 207 per year over the previous three years.

    These diseases are caused when basic food handling rules regarding cleanliness, cooking and food temperatures are not followed. E. coli can occur when meat is not completely cooked, especially ground meat.

    "Cook all ground or chopped meat patties and poultry until the center is at 160 degrees. If you do not have a meat thermometer, cook until the center is gray or brown and all juices running from the meat are clear, with no trace of pink or cloudiness," Iowa state epidemiologist Dr. Patricia Quinlisk said.

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    Parents happy E. coli threat is past

    Following up on a previous article, the Billings Gazette is now reporting that Little Seeds Early Childhood Daycare Center reopened Monday, and that parents are confident that an outbreak of E. coli 0157:H had been contained.

    The City-County Health Department identified cantaloupe served at the center on July 6 as the probable culprit in an outbreak that sickened six children.

    The downtown day-care center, located in the basement of First United Methodist Church at 2800 Fourth Ave. N., voluntarily closed last Tuesday after the first cases were diagnosed. None of the children stricken in Billings required hospitalization, and all are recovering.

    Golf Outing Will Help E. Coli Victim

    The Omaha Channel has announced a golfing even to help raise money for a 2-year-old boy's medical expenses for E. coli treatment. The announcement is below:

    Do you like to golf? You can play next month for a good cause.

    Last October, five children in Bennington came in contact with E. coli.

    The youngest of the group is still battling to recover from the effects of the potentially deadly bacteria.

    Nick Fritch's little body was invaded last fall and it attacked his brain, causing damage. It left the 2-year-old bedridden. Fritch spent a month at Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital in Lincoln, and now his family provides 24-hour care. He's still relearning to use his limbs and perform basic acts, like swallowing.

    His family said his care is a constant struggle.

    "It's hard to figure out what's wrong with him," said Jeanne Fritch, Nick's mother. "Is he uncomfortable? Is there a pain somewhere, or is he just tying to tell me something?"

    "Daily therapy, Monday through Friday, and now we are trying to get him into a program called HETRIC -- some horseback riding for him," said Bret Fritch, Nick's Father.

    All of the medication and therapy is expensive. That's why some of the Fritch's friends came up with the idea of a golf outing to raise money. The golf outing is scheduled for Aug. 1 at the Players Club at Deer Creek. The deadline for entry is July 19. The fee includes a box lunch, 18 holes of golf with cart and dinner. To find out more information or to register, call (402) 348-0909.

    3 Cases Of E.Coli In Pierce County

    KOMO 4 reported yesterday that two children remain hospitalized while E. coli attacks their kidneys. The third child is recovering at home. Local health experts are working hard right now trying to pinpoint the source of what appears to be three cases of E. coli bacteria poisoning in Pierce County.

    Jena Richardson, 15, has been hospitalized since Friday. Since then, her condition has deteriorated. The E. coli is now attacking her kidneys, a serious sign. There is no antibiotic, no medicine that will cure this. For parents, it's hell to watch.

    Brydan Martinez, 2, was admitted to the hospital one week ago. He went four days with 103 degree fever, and the E. coli is also affecting his kidneys. Brydan's older brother was also hospitalized, but he's recovered.

    With the other two children it's a day by day, hour by hour, situation.

    Both families believe their children got sick after eating hamburgers grilled at home. The health department is looking for the source. Finding the source quickly and warning others is critical because this disease can be deadly.

    Both children are still in serious condition. The markers doctors watch for are still spiraling downward, however not as quickly as they were initially so that is somewhat of a good sign.

    Our state averages about 200 cases of E. coli each year. The cases spike during the summer, mainly because of the increased number of people cooking outdoors.

    E. coli is most often traced to hamburger that's not cooked well enough, as well as sprouts, lettuce, salami and unpasteurized milk or juice.

    Morris Park day care center awaits E. Coli testing

    The For Kids Only Day Care and Nursery in Morris Park is facing a very important test on Wednesday. Department of Health officials will tour the facility Wednesday to make sure there are no traces of E. Coli present.

    The owner of the For Kids Only Day Care and Nursery is confident about the tour. A team of outside lab technicians checked the entire business over the weekend and said there were no traces of E. Coli bacteria.

    On Tuesday, 40 employees of the day care center came in on their day off for basic hygiene training from Department of Health officials. Employees were shown how to make sure children washed their hands after using the bathroom and how to have children take their shoes off for nap time. Employees were also reminded that they can only serve food with latex gloves.

    If the day care center passes the Department of Health test, the center should be open on Thursday.

    Three of the five children that recently tested positive for E. Coli attended the For Kids Only Day Care and Nursery .

    State officials looking into meat company

    Today the Fargo AP reported authorities say they are checking on a Minnesota-based meat company doing business here under a new name.

    Farmers Pride Inc., a door-to-door meat company based in Blaine, Minn., is being sued by the Minnesota attorney general over claims of deceptive sales practices, fraud and false advertising. The Minnesota Department of Agriculture said the company gave up its food-handling license after it was linked to an E. coli contamination last June.

    Officials in Minnesota and North Dakota say the company is now operating out of a Fargo warehouse under the name American Choice.

    The state Consumer Protection Division director, Parrell Grossman, said investigators hope to speak with employees.

    The Fargo office manager for American Choice, who would not give his name, said he has been told not to comment to area reporters.

    Farmers Pride and similar companies have argued that their drivers are independent contractors and not company employees, Grossman said.

    Hamburger Disease (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)

    From Mary Kugler, About.com

    Mainly from contaminated food

    In March 2003 a lawsuit was filed against the Kettleman City, California, In-N-Out Burger. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of a girl who developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after eating at the restaurant and is now at risk for developing kidney damage.

    In April 2000, seven people died and more than 2,000 became ill after drinking contaminated water in Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. In July 2000, 40 people became ill after eating at a Milwaukee Sizzler restaurant; one child died.

    HUS mainly from bacteria

    The more common type of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), as in the cases above, occurs after a person has been infected with bacteria, usually E. coli, from contaminated food or water. Basically, the bacteria poison the person. Another type of HUS can occur in response to other germs or certain medicines, and very rarely from no known reason.

    HUS rare but widespread

    Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a condition that results in the destruction of clotting cells (thrombocytopenia) and red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), and causes the kidneys to shut down (renal failure) due to damage in the small blood vessels in the kidneys. It usually affects young children between the ages of 1 and 10 years, but may also occur in adults. HUS affects 2-4 people per 100,000 and occurs all over the world.

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    Don't Spoil Your Holiday Cookout: Protect Your Food From E. coli


    This Fourth of July, don't let E. coli food poisoning spoil your good time.

    E. coli is a bacteria with many strains, that is often linked to undercooked ground beef, but it has been found in fruits and vegetables and unpasteurized fruit juices.

    It has also been transmitted through contaminated drinking water, swimming pools and shallow lakes.

    Health experts advise that ground beef must be cooked at a minimum of 160 degrees in order to kill E. coli. Chicken must be cooked at 170 degrees, and juices should run clear, to prevent E. coli.

    Don't be fooled by hot dog labels that say "fully cooked." Experts say that even fully cooked hot dogs can contain a pathogen called listeria. Hotdogs should be reheated until they are steamy and hot throughout.

    Symptoms of E. coli infections include: severe abdominal cramps, followed by watery diarrhea that often becomes bloody. Victims may also suffer vomiting and nausea, accompanied by low-grade fever. In some persons, particularly children and the elderly, the infection can lead to severe complications, including kidney failure.

    E. coli becoming more of a problem

    Paul Aker of KING 5 News here in Seattle says now that we're in for a long stretch of nice weather, there is a warning to think twice about barbecuing. Every year, dozens of cases of E. coli pop up. The contagious illness can cause diarrhea, vomiting, even death in rare cases.

    From the article:

    This time of year, E. coli is becoming more of a problem and it has already sprouted twice this month in Pierce County.

    It was confirmed on June 3 that Stephanie Liske's 6-year-old son Aiden has E. coli. Her 4-year-old son might also be infected, possibly having contracted it if from his brother.

    "I had to go to the hospital," said Aiden.

    "It was pretty scary, because I know it could cause kidney failure," said Stephanie.

    "I'm going to find out about my 4-year-old today if he has it."

    E. coli killed several people during an outbreak 11 years ago when it was linked to the Jack-in-the-Box restaurant chain.

    Liske is not sure where her boys may have picked u the bug, but suspects a pool in Fife or some fast-food restaurants in Puyallup.

    "The health department called me right away, of course, because they want to know where it came from," she said. "That's the question of the hour."

    The Pierce County Health Department does not know how the virus got spread this time, but officials say they do know it's nothing like the Jack-in-the-Box problem.

    "E. coli becomes a little more common this time of year, so it's not uncommon at all," said Joby Winans, Tacoma-Pierce Co. Health Dept.

    So far, there are only two confirmed cases in Pierce County this year -- 6-year-old Aiden and a 17-year-old on June 4.

    Officials say the close timeframe is not a reason for concern and they are certain the cases are not related.

    To avoid getting E. coli, barbecue and cook your food thoroughly, wash your fresh fruits and vegetables (especially cantaloupe and sprouts), and always wash your hands.

    The health department says the county has not had a fatal case of E. coli since 1997.

    E. coli cases are not connected

    Yesterday the Union Democrat reported that lab results returned last week show there is no connection between two different groups of Calaveras County children diagnosed with E. coli last month.

    The Health Department has not found the sources of infection that sickened six people, ranging in age from 8 months to 17 years old. However, the common link between three boys of 13, 14 and 17 who got E. coli is that they each exhibited beef livestock at the May 13-16 Calaveras County Fair.

    From the article:

    "It is different strains of the bacteria between the first group of young children and the second group of teenagers," said Colleen Tracy, county Public Health Department director. "We have not found any link between those two groups."

    Also, the 14-year-old and 17-year-old are brothers who live near Murphys and were shown to have the same strain of bacteria. The 13-year-old's DNA tests have not been completed yet.

    There are still no clues as to how 4-year-old Angels Camp resident Nicholas Kristoff, his 8-month-old sister Abigail and a 3-year-old family friend were infected with the bacteria in early May. Kristoff is the only victim who suffered a violent reaction -- he was hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome, a related kidney complication, but has made a full recovery and has been discharged from Oakland Children's Hospital.

    E. coli found at fairs across U.S.

    The Union-Democrat reported today that for the second time in two years, children who were in the livestock barns at the Calaveras County Fair have tested positive for E. coli. For the second time in two years, children who were in the livestock barns at the Calaveras County Fair have tested positive for E. coli. Three exhibitors, ages 13, 14 and 17, who had cattle at last month's fair were found to have the bacteria in their systems.

    From the article:

    "How many people would take their kids in a stroller to visit a feed lot?" attorney Bill Marler asked in a phone interview from his Seattle office. "It's a little bit bizarre to think about, but it just goes to show that the public doesn't understand (the dangers associated with livestock)."

    "It's a much bigger problem than the general public certainly knows," he said of E. coli at fairs.

    He is currently awaiting an October trial date for the Lane County Fair case. He represents 22 children, eight of whom suffered from hemolytic uremic syndrome, a resulting kidney complication. One of the children needs a kidney transplant.

    "There was a failure to warn the public of the risks of attending the county fair and there were inadequate hand-washing stations," Marler said.

    The Lane County fairgrounds had three hand-washing stations and now has 26, he said.

    Calaveras County's fairgrounds has four hand-washing stations and nine sanitization stations, Giannini said. They were put in before the 2002 E. coli cases, she said.

    "The experts all sort of feel that had there been additional hand-washing stations and notices for people to wash their hands and notices for people to be alert to the risks ... that outbreak, and frankly most zootonic outbreaks, wouldn't occur," Marler said.

    "The reality is we have to sort of adapt to these emerging and changing pathogens," he said. "The fair industry is so wrapped up in the Americana of apple pie and the 4-H cows and cotton candy ... they haven't come to grips with the fact that this can kill people."

    Testing an option?

    Animal feces should be tested before animals are taken to fairs, Marler said.

    "You could do a stool culture on a cow, and if they test positive, you don't let the cow come to the fair, period," he said. E. coli can be transient in animals, meaning an animal may test positive for it one day and negative the next, but, "at least you're taking a real good strong shot at eliminating cows that you know are positive.

    "The technology exists to do that and it's very cheap, like $50," he said. "It should be the price of admission -- if you want (the animal) to be shown, you pay the price to have this test done."

    E. coli info slow to emerge

    In a Part 2 article by the The Salinas Californian, investigators have reached an impasse in their efforts to learn why lettuce and spinach grown in the Salinas Valley sickened 114 people, despite exhaustive research. Read part two.

    Bioniche E. coli 0157 Vaccine Shows Further Promise in Controlled Challenge Study

    Bioniche Life Sciences Inc., a fully-integrated human and animal health biopharmaceutical company, today announced that a controlled challenge study, performed at the Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO) at the University of Saskatchewan, has again demonstrated the efficacy of the E. coli 0157 cattle vaccine developed by the Company's Food Safety division in partnership with VIDO, the University of British Columbia, and the Alberta
    Research Council. Two commercial scale vaccines were evaluated in the study: one using the Bioniche manufactured vaccine and the other using a vaccine produced by the Alberta Research Council - Biologics fermentation facility.

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    Child hit by E. coli

    Yesterday Erin Mayes of the Union Democrat did a story on a 4-year-old Angels Camp boy who is in serious condition at an Oakland hospital after contracting an E. coli infection last week.

    From the article:

    It's unknown how or where Nicholas Kristoff came into contact with the bacteria -- contracted most often through undercooked meat, especially ground beef, according to the Department of Health and Human Services.

    Nicholas and his sister, Abigail, both were found to have the organism in their bodies, but only Nicholas suffered a violent reaction. Their sister, Elizabeth, did not have E. coli in her system.

    A donation fund has been set up at Guaranteed Savings Bank, 479 S. Main St., Angels Camp, for the Kristoff family. For more information call 736-4561.

    E. coli Food Poisoning Cases Drop

    Jennifer Warner of WebMD Medical News reported today that E. coli food poisoning cases are dropping.

    From the article:

    A new report shows cases of E. coli O157:H7 infections, one of the most severe food-borne illnesses, dropped by 36% from 2002 to 2003. Most illnesses caused by E. coli infections are the result of eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef.

    "This decline is promising, but it is a one-year change and more time is needed to know whether this is going to be sustained," says Robert Tauxe, MD, chief of the CDC's food-borne and diarrheal diseases branch. "That said, overall trends suggest that efforts by industry, individuals, and certainly efforts in the regulatory arena seem to have us headed in the right direction."

    Unpasteurized milk has fans despite warnings from officials

    On April 4, the Associated Press did a story on unpasteurized milk.

    From the article:

    Unpasteurized milk can be breeding grounds for food poisoning bacteria such as campylobacter, E. coli and salmonella, as well as forms of tuberculosis that can be transmitted from cattle to people.

    Fairbairn said her family has not gotten sick. Also, some experts say raw milk is not uniformly dangerous. Sanitary handling from farm to delivery can keep the risk of bacteria down, said Rusty Bishop, director of the Center for Dairy Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    "It's amazing how clean milk is when you look at where it comes from," Bishop said. "If God had done it right, he would have put the teats at the other end of the cow."

    Bishop does not drink raw milk.

    Neither does Bill Marler.

    Blaine Meat Company Loses License

    The Minnesota Ag Connection reported yesterday the state Department of Agriculture announced Friday that a Blaine meat company accused of consumer fraud, false advertising and other deceptive trade practices has given up its food handlers license, the state Department of Agriculture said Friday. More than 100 customers of the company, Farmers Pride Inc., had filed complaints with the Agriculture Department, the state attorney general and the Better Business Bureau.

    The article says:

    Farmers Pride, a door-to-door meat sales company, was linked to an E. coli infection outbreak in June 2003. Kevin Elfering, an inspector for the Agriculture Department, said in a news release that Farmers Pride had failed to acknowledge or respond to the E. coli bacteria contamination.

    As a result, he said, a number of the company's customers became ill. In December, the attorney general's office filed a lawsuit against the company in Anoka County District Court.

    U.S. high court won't hear appeal of E. coli case

    On March 22, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal in the case of a deadly E. coli outbreak at Milwaukee area Sizzler restaurants, paving the way for a trial. The court turned down a request from Excel Corp., a Wichita meat company that allegedly supplied restaurants with contaminated beef in 2000.

    The meatpacker wanted the justices to overturn a state Court of Appeals ruling that the company can be sued. The appellate court decision reinstated 14 lawsuits, which have now been consolidated.

    From the article:

    Ten adults and four children filed suit last July after the appeals court overturned Milwaukee County Circuit Judge Michael Sullivan's dismissal of claims against Excel. Among the plaintiffs are the parents of Brianna Kriefall, who died after she ate contaminated watermelon at the salad bar of the Sizzler at 789 W. Layton Ave.

    Edward Robinson, an attorney representing the Kriefall family, said a jury will decide if Excel is responsible.

    "We believe that everything starts with Excel Corp. shipping meat that contained E. coli. We believe the evidence will show the conditions in their meat plant were such that it permitted E. coli to get into the meat," said Robinson.

    But Ralph Weber, an attorney for Excel, said raw meat must be handled properly.

    "This is a case about illnesses that came from a contaminated salad bar, not from eating meat. The case will now proceed in an effort to determine how and why that salad bar got contaminated," said Weber.